促甲状腺激素生物素-亲和素酶促化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

目的建立一种低成本、高灵敏度的检测血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)的生物素-亲和素酶促化学发光免疫分析方法。方法引入生物素-亲和素放大系统,一株抗TSH的单克隆抗体包被微孔板,另一株标记生物素,辣根过氧化物酶标记链亲和素,鲁米诺作为发光底物,采用夹心法,建立TSH酶促化学发光免疫分析方法。结果方法分析灵敏度为0.01mIU/L,批内变异系数为2.01%～5.40%,批间变异系数为2.96%～17.9%,回收率为90.6%～114.4%,高值促甲状腺激素血清样品经系列倍比稀释后,测定值与稀释度呈线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,与原子高科TSH免疫放射分析方法和罗氏电化学发光分析法的测定值具有良好的相关性。结论生物素-亲和素TSH酶促化学发光免疫分析方法具有成本低、灵敏度高、特异性高和稳定性好的特点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

孕酮化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

目的 建立具有较宽检测范围的孕酮(P)化学发光免疫分析方法.方法 采用竞争一步法原理建立P化学发光免疫分析检测体系,对各种影响因素如免疫试剂的稀释度、免疫试剂的稀释体系及温育时间等进行了考察和优化,最终选定的实验条件分别对该体系的最低检出限、线性、精密度、准确性、特异性进行评估,并与进口全自动化学发光试剂检测结果进行对比.结果 本系统线性范围为0.5~90 ng/mL,最低检出限为0.05ng/mL,批内批间变异变异系数均小于10%,与高浓度孕烯醇酮、雄烯二酮、雌二醇均无交叉反应,添加回收率在96.1%~106.2%.与进口全自动化学发光试剂同时测定175份样本的P浓度,二者测定结果的相关系数r为0.981.结论 成功建立了孕酮化学发光免疫分析法,该方法线性范围宽,灵敏度高,可作为进口化学发光试剂的替代试剂在临床进行推广.     

化学发光免疫分析血清C肽方法建立

双抗体夹心一步法建立人C肽(C-peptide) 化学发光免疫分析(CLIA)方法.方法可测范围0.15～15ng/mL,灵敏度0.02ng/mL,批内、批间变异系数(CV)分别为4.2%～6.5%和6.8%～9.3%,与胰岛素无交叉反应,与胰岛素原的交叉反应率为7.3%.本方法与国外同类试剂盒同时检测40份C-肽释放试验血清,相关系数为0.9709.本方法各项指标均满足临床检测要求,达到国外同类产品水平.     

广谱检测磺胺类药物的酶联免疫分析方法的建立

目的 利用抗磺胺类药物多抗建立酶联免疫分析方法,测定磺胺类药物在动物源食品中的残留.方法 以抗磺胺类药物抗体包被微孔板,辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记磺胺类半抗原磺胺噻唑(ST),磺胺间甲氧嘧啶为标准品建立酶联免疫分析方法.结果 本方法的标准曲线测定范围为0.3～ 100ng/mL.方法学鉴定结果表明,灵敏度为0.2ng/mL,批内、批间变异分别为9.2％ ～ 14.4％、10.5％～ 12.7％.牛奶、蜂蜜、水产品及鸡肉、鸡蛋样品的添加回收率分别在79.3％～88.9％、65.5％～136.4、63.0％～83.3％、59.3％～78.1％之间.牛奶稀释实验表明,测定值与稀释度呈线性相关,相关系数r=0.997.结论 本方法可同时快速测定动物源性食品中23种磺胺类药物的残留,对19种磺胺类药物的检测灵敏度高于10ng/mL.     

人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ酶促化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

目的 建立检测人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的酶促化学发光免疫分析方法.方法 采用两株抗人心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的单克隆抗体,一株包被聚苯乙烯化学发光板,一株标记辣根过氧化物酶,采用辣根过氧化物酶/鲁米诺/过硼酸钠体系,建立了测定人血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的酶促化学发光免疫分析方法,并进行了方法学鉴定.用该法测定80例正常人血清,确定正常参考值范围;测定临床病理样品27例,与Beckman全自动化学发光试剂测定值进行相关性分析.结果 本方法测定范围0.3 ～ 100μg/L,分析灵敏度0.16μg/L;37℃反应时间30min;回收率76.8％ ～ 111.1％;高浓度cTnI血清样品经系列倍比稀释后测定,测定值与稀释度呈线性相关,相关系数0.999;批内、批间变异系数分别为3.90％～6.71％,7.66％～10.34％;与心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肌钙蛋白C(TnC)、骨骼肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(sKTnI)、骨骼肌肌钙蛋白T(sKTnT)、人心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白(h-FABP)、人心肌肌酸激酶(CK-MB)、人心肌肌红蛋白、C-反应蛋白(CRP)均无交叉;确定临床正常参考值小于0.304μg/L;与Beckman全自动化学发光试剂比较,两者测定值线性相关系数为0.925.结论 该方法反应时间短、特异性强、重复性好,具有应用及推广价值.     

双抗夹心化学发光免疫分析定量检测Ⅳ型胶原方法的建立

目的 建立基于双抗夹心微孔板化学发光酶免疫分析的人血清Ⅳ型胶原定量检测方法.方法 应用Ⅳ型胶原多抗进行包被,辣根过氧化物酶标记Ⅳ型胶原单抗,以鲁米诺化学发光体系检测,调整优化各种反应液的工作浓度和各类反应条件后建立双抗体夹心的检测方法;评价所建立方法的线性范围、特异性、灵敏度、稳定性等性能指标;应用肝纤维化患者血清与进口试剂进行比对实验.结果 所建立方法的灵敏度为15.5 ng/ml,线性范围25 ～ 850 ng/ml,批内、批间变异均小于8％.检测Ⅳ型胶原的临床高、中、低值血清回收率分别为98.5％、94.3％和102.6％;在4℃和37℃条件下分别进行了3、5、7d的稳定性考察,线性相关系数均＞0.99,标准偏差＜7％;比对实验分析显示与进口试剂相关性具有统计学意义.结论 成功建立了定量Ⅳ型胶原化学发光酶免疫分析方法,该方法有较好的准确性、灵敏度、重复性,与进口试剂检测结果等效.     

癌抗原15-3酶促化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

目的 建立癌抗原15-3(CA15-3)酶促化学发光免疫分析方法.方法 利用双抗体夹心法建立CA15-3化学发光检测体系,分别对该体系的最低检测限、线性、分析特异性、准确度和精密度进行评估,并与进口全自动化学发光检测结果进行对比.结果 本方法灵敏度为0.26 U/mL,线性范围为0～ 300 U/mL,与CEA和CA125无交叉反应,添加回收率在97.0％ ～105.6％之间,分析内与分析间CV均小于10％,与进口全自动化学发光试剂同时检测160份样本的CA15-3浓度,检测结果的线性相关系数为0.987.结论 成功建立了CA15-3酶促化学发光免疫分析方法.该方法灵敏度高、重复性好,在临床应用中可替代进口化学发光检测试剂.     

平足蛋白吖啶酯化学发光免疫分析方法的建立及在乳腺癌检测中的临床应用

目的 建立一种以活化吖啶酯标记抗人平足蛋白抗体为标记物检测人血清中平足蛋白(PDPN)的磁微粒化学发光免疫检测方法并进行在乳腺癌相关疾病方面的临床应用验证。方法 以包被链酶亲和素磁微粒-活化生物素标记抗人平足蛋白抗体为固相分离载体，生物素标记一株鼠抗人平足蛋白单克隆抗体，吖啶酯标记另一株鼠抗人平足蛋白单克隆抗体，建立人血清样本中PDPN定量免疫分析方法。结果 在线性范围1.00～800.00ng/mL内，相关系数r为0.9990,检出限为0.52ng/mL;批内重复性不超过5.0%,批间差不超过10.0%;正常参考区间为小于4.50ng/mL;测定乳腺癌临床样本，特异性为88%和灵敏度为87%。结论 建立了定量检测人血清中PDPN水平的化学发光免疫分析法，对乳腺癌的发生发展起了辅助诊断作用。     

磁微粒化学发光法的肝纤四项检测限与功能灵敏度研究

目的 评价磁微粒化学发光法检测肝纤维化血清学标志物(透明质酸、层粘连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽、Ⅳ型胶原)的空白限、检出限和功能灵敏度.方法 参照美国临床和实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)文件,利用空白样品及系列梯度稀释样品在AutoLumo A2000全自动化学发光测定系统上进行检测,确定该方法配套试剂的空白限、检出限及功能灵敏度.结果 透明质酸的空白限为7.59ng/mL、检出限为16.17ng/mL、20％变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)功能灵敏度为18.72ng/mL;层粘连蛋白的空白限为1.38ng/mL、检出限为3.53ng/mL、20％ CV功能灵敏度为4.16ng/mL;Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽的空白限为0.89ng/mL、检出限为2.40ng/mL、20％ CV功能灵敏度为2.48ng/mL;Ⅳ型胶原的空白限为2.42ng/mL、检出限为6.49ng/mL、20％ CV功能灵敏度为9.21ng/mL.结论 全自动化学发光测定肝纤四项的空白限、检出限和功能灵敏度的建立为临床诊断和治疗提供了更有价值的信息.     

ELISA方法进行婴幼儿HBsAg弱阳性标本检测的方法学评估

目的 评价ELISA方法在检测婴幼儿HBsAg时的适用性.方法 用弱阳性昆合血清评价ELISA方法测定HBsAg时的精密度;使用经化学发光法定值的混合血清系列稀释,分析ELISA方法测定HBsAg时的检出限;使用添加350μmol/L胆红素或5g/L血红蛋白的系列浓度血清评价该方法的抗干扰能力;收集临床1岁以下患儿化学发光方法检测弱阳性(＜ 5ng/mL)的样品,进行化学发光和ELISA方法的比对,并以化学发光确证试验为参考方法评价ELISA方法的诊断灵敏度、特异性和诊断效能.结果 在弱阳性水平上(1 ng/mL,S/CO=4.97) ELISA方法测定HBsAg的变异系数为18.91％;检出限为0.125ng/mL;350μmol/L胆红素或5g/L血红蛋白对检验结果准确度无显著影响;经比对,ELISA法与化学发光法在小于0.25 ng/mL区间一致率为30.3％,而在大于0.25ng/mL区间一致率达95.6％;以二者一致和化学发光法中和试验为参考方法,ELISA方法的灵敏度为87.14％,阴性预测值为79.07％.结论 ELISA方法尽管分析灵敏度低于化学发光法,然而它在测定婴幼儿弱阳性标本时,分析性能尚可接受,考虑到其方法的易得和低廉的成本,ELISA方法仍不失为一种好的筛查方法.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.