60岁以上人群血清甲状腺标志物参考区间调查

目的调查60岁以上表观健康人群血清甲状腺功能五项标志物的生物参考区间。方法按照美国国家临床生化科学院关于甲状腺疾病诊断与监测实验室支持中的筛选要求,筛选出60岁以上的老年人431例(女性210例,男性221例),采用免疫化学发光法测定血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)。结果男性TSH和FT4水平中位数分别为1.69(1.14~2.24)mIU/L和12.22(10.92~13.47)pmol/L,女性TSH和FT4水平中位数分别为2.28(1.54~3.02)mIU/L和11.48(10.29~12.65)pmol/L,男女组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。60~69岁年龄组TT3和FT3水平分别为1.63±0.33nmol/L和4.80±0.63pmol/L,≥70岁以上年龄组TT3和FT3水平分别为1.50±0.36nmol/L和4.52±0.62pmol/L,年龄组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。60岁以上人群血清甲状腺激素五项参考区间为:TT3 1.01~2.37nmol/L,TT4 108.01~168.56nmol/L,FT3 3.51~5.88pmol/L,FT4 8.80~16.63pmol/L,TSH 0.43~6.05mIU/L。结论在60岁以上人群中,血清甲状腺功能标志物存在年龄和性别差异,因此应按年龄和性别建立不同参考区间。     

不同孕期甲状腺激素的检测与分析

目的 检测早、中、晚妊娠期妇女血清游离三碘甲腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素、促甲状腺激素水平,并分析其差异性。方法 选取2017年7月~12月在乐山市中区就诊的100例健康育龄妇女做为对照组,300例无既往甲状腺相关疾病史的不同孕期妊娠妇女作为分析对象,按照孕期分为孕早期组98例、孕中期组112例和孕晚期组90例。采用罗氏电化学发光免疫分析仪检测血清TSH、FT3、FT4水平。结果 妊娠妇女血清TSH在孕早期、中期分别为（2.43±1.0）μIU/ml,（2.88±0.43）μIU/ml,低于对照组的（3.01±0.32）μIU/ml和孕晚期组的（3.89±0.21）μIU/ml,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。FT3和FT4在孕早期分别为（5.30±0.41）pmol/L,（16.12±0.98）pmol/L,均高于孕中期的（4.11±0.39）pmol/L、（12.05±2.13）pmol/L,孕晚期的（4.05±0.59）pmol/L、（11.02±1.68）pmol/L和对照组的（4.85±0.70）pmol/L、（14.7±1.62）pmol/L,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 孕期与妊娠妇女血清甲状腺激素水平密切相关,甲状腺激素水平检测对筛查和干预甲减及优生优育至关重要。     

某地区妊娠期女性甲状腺功能指标参考范围的建立及动态变化特点

目的建立本地区妊娠期女性在孕早、中、晚期甲状腺激素正常参考标准,并分析孕期甲状腺激素变化规律。方法选取2017年3月至2019年3月在蕲春县人民医院、第二人民医院、第三人民医院及妇幼保健院产检的325名妊娠早期孕妇作为本次研究组,在孕早、中、晚期抽血送检,选取同期体检的280名非妊娠期女性作为对照组,抽检一次,使用化学发光免疫检测两组患者甲状腺激素水平,双人双机录入检测结果核对无误后进行分析。结果 (1)本次共有307例孕妇最终进入研究组,本地区孕妇孕早、中、晚期血清TSH、FT3、FT4参考区间分别为(0.23～5.38)mIU/L,(0.88～6.18)mIU/L,(1.59～5.76)mIU/L;(2.56～6.34)pmol/L,(3.06～6.00)pmol/L,(2.86～5.17)pmol/L;(12.12～19.35)pmol/L,(11.24～18.52)pmol/L,(9.72～16.20)pmol/L。(2)随着孕周增加,孕早期及孕中期TSH值降低,在孕晚期出现回升;FT3值逐渐下降,均低于非妊娠期;FT4值孕早期升高,随着孕周增加逐渐下降,孕晚期最低。结论本研究建立了蕲春县妊娠期女性在不同孕期甲状腺激素正常参考标准,并分析了甲状腺激素变化规律,为预防妊娠期甲状腺疾病漏诊及误诊提供依据。     

川南地区各孕期甲状腺激素变化及参考范围

目的 通过研究本地区正常妊娠妇女早、中、晚期的甲状腺激素水平变化,建立适合于本地区正常妊娠各期的甲状腺激素参考范围.方法 选取2012年1月至2016年4月在本地区单胎妊娠的健康孕妇1113例,健康非妊娠妇女493例作为对照组,采用日本东曹AIA2000电化学发光分析仪测定甲状腺素水平,进行统计学分析.结果 妊娠妇女各期甲状腺激素水平均低于正常非妊娠妇女,妊娠妇女各期甲状腺激素水平均呈偏态分布,以中位数(M)及双侧限值(P2.5～ P97.5)表示甲状腺激素妊娠各期的参考范围.非妊娠妇女与各孕期组比较,FT3、FT4、TSH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不同孕期间,FT3、FT4、TSH两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),厂家提供的参考范围与不同孕期妇女参考范围差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)结论 正常妊娠妇女的甲状腺激素水平与非妊娠妇女明显不同,且不同孕期之间存在差异,建立本适合地区正常孕妇妊娠各期甲状腺激素参考范围将有助于妊娠期甲状腺功能紊乱的临床诊疗.     

安顺市不同孕期孕妇甲状腺激素参考范围的初建及临床探讨

目的 探索本地区(贵州省安顺市)在本实验条件下建立符合当地的妊娠期甲状腺激素参考范围及变化趋势,从而为临床上提供更有效而准确的实验数据.方法 选取2012年7月到2015年6月在贵州省安顺市人民医院建卡就诊不同孕期的妊娠期妇女2087例(原籍和生活地均在本地区).同时以孕周的不同,分为孕早期组(孕周＜13周)695例、孕中期组(孕周14 ～ 26周)788例、孕晚期组(孕周27 ～ 36周)604例.同时选取相同年龄段的育龄期妇女200例作为正常对照组.采用化学发光酶免疫分析法检测血清中TSH、FT3、FT4水平.所有检测数据进行统计学分析,组间比较采用方差分析,TSH、FT3、FT4随孕周变化趋势采用回归分析,率的分析采用x2检验.结果 正常对照组TSH、FT3、FT4结果分别为2.54±1.24mIU/L、5.21 ±0.49pmol/L、10.60±1.60pmol/L.孕早期TSH、FT3、FT4结果分别为2.09±1.59mIU/L、5.19±0.61pmoL/L、10.67±1.72pmol/L.孕中期TSH、FT3、FT4结果分别为2.59±1.31mIU/L、4.68±0.46pmol/L、8.71±0.91pmol/L.孕晚期TSH、FT3、FT4结果分别为3.06±1.57mIU/L、4.37±0.63pmol/L、8.53±0.59pmol/L.从而绘制出TSH、FT3、FT4在不同孕周的变化趋势图:TSH孕早期下降,孕中期开始升高,孕晚期高于正常;FT3、FT4变化方式基本一致:在孕早期与正常对照组基本持平,孕早期开始下降,孕晚期低于正常.然后再应用各孕期特异性甲状腺激素诊断参考值对各孕期孕妇重新进行亚临床甲减筛查结果为:孕早期为8.63％、孕早期8.29％、孕晚期6.95％,分别比非特异性甲状腺激素诊断参考值对各孕期孕妇进行亚临床甲减筛查所得结果高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 建立本地区、本实验条件下不同孕期妇女血清甲状腺激素水平参考范围,从而真实体现孕期甲状腺激素水平变化,为临床上评价孕妇甲状腺功能带来可靠的依据.     

妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能检查结果分析

目的 通过研究妊娠期妇女血清中甲状腺指标的变化情况,探讨甲功检测在妊娠妇女中的应用价值.方法 应用化学发光分析仪对747例早中期妊娠妇女(实验组)和593例非妊娠育龄妇女(对照组)血清中的甲功五项(血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸(triiodothyronine,T3)、甲状腺素(thyroxin,T4)、血清促甲状腺素(thyrotropin,TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺氨酸(freetriiodothyronine,FT3)以及游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine,FT4))进行检测,比较两组结果的差异,同时分析TSH与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,HCG)结果的相关性.结果 ①747份妊娠期妇女血清,甲状腺功能检查指标有异常的254份,异常率为34.09％,593份对照组血清,指标异常98份,异常率16.53％,异常率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②妊娠期妇女TSH水平低于对照组,TT3和TT4高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而FT3、FT4两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);③TSH水平与同期HCG水平呈负相关,r=-0.527(P ＜0.05),同时TSH异常低值组HCG水平(16.22×104 ±4.34×104 mIU/mL)明显高于TSH正常组(7.83×104±5.30×104mIU/mL),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 妊娠期妇女甲状腺功能异常率升高明显,应加强其甲状腺功能的监测,同时注意高浓度HCG对TSH检测结果的影响.     

妊娠早中晚期甲状腺激素参考值范围

目的 建立本地区健康孕妇早中晚孕期的甲状腺激素参考范围,为诊断、治疗、监测孕妇甲状腺疾病提供参考依据.方法 用化学发光免疫测定方法测定健康妊娠孕妇以及非妊娠妇女甲状腺激素水平,其中孕早期137例,孕中期147例,孕晚期139例,非妊娠妇女130例,分别建立甲状腺激素参考值范围.结果 以中位数（M值）及双侧限值（P2.5和P97.5）表示甲状腺激素在孕早中晚期及非妊娠妇女的参考值范围,孕妇的TSH水平在孕早期明显低于非妊娠妇女（P＜0.01）,孕中期回升,到孕晚期仍低于非妊娠妇女;孕妇的TT4和TT3自孕早期开始即明显升高（P＜0.01）,孕中期到最高;孕妇的FT4和FT3随妊娠时间下降,孕中期和孕晚期均明显低于非妊娠妇女（P＜0.01）.结论 孕妇的甲状腺激素水平与非妊娠妇女存在明显差异,各孕期之间亦存在明显差异,建立各孕期的甲状腺激素参考范围为临床妊娠期甲状腺疾病的诊治提供了较好的临床价值.     

北海地区正常孕妇不同孕期甲状腺激素的参考值范围

目的通过检测北海市不同孕期孕妇的FT3、FT4、TSH数值,从而提供本地区孕妇妊娠各期甲状腺功能的正常参考值范围,为临床提供各妊娠期诊断治疗甲状腺疾病的理论依据,提高出生人口素质。方法采用ACS一180化学发光分析仪检测1100例孕妇的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）;建立甲状腺激素参考值范围,参考值范围采用中位数（M）及双侧限值（P2.5和P97.5）表示。结果早、中孕期孕妇的血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）明显高于孕晚期孕妇（P〈0．05）,而促甲状腺激素（TSH）则低于孕晚期孕妇（P〈0．05）。结论早、中、晚孕期的孕妇甲状腺激素水平存在明显的不同,建立正常孕妇不同孕期的甲状腺激素参考值范围具有非常重要的临床意义,值得推广。     

家族性非自身免疫性甲状腺功能亢进一个家系的临床特征与遗传学分析

女, 1岁4个月, 2018年6月22日因"发热伴抽搐"收治于烟台毓璜顶医院。患儿持续大发作15 min缓解。平素无进食量大、多汗、手震颤及体重不增等。患儿系G1P1, 顺产娩出, 监护人否认其窒息史。体格检查:体质量为10 kg, BMI 16.4 kg/m2, 突眼, 双侧甲状腺未触及肿大, 心音亢进, 心率150次/min, 可闻及早搏, 各瓣膜区未闻及病理性杂音, 无胫前黏液水肿。化验甲状腺功能促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH)为0.011 mIU/L(参考值范围0.27～4.2 mIU/L), 游离甲状腺素(free thyroxine, FT4)为94.59 pmol/L(参考值范围12～22 pmol/L), 游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(free triiodothyronine, FT3)为30.21 pmol/L(参考值范围2.8～7.1 pmol/L), 甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(anti-thyroperoxidase, TPOAb)为7.11 IU/mL(参考值范围0～34 IU/mL), 甲状腺球蛋白抗体(anti-thyr...     

不同甲状腺功能状态下甲状腺CT值及甲状腺摄131I率变化规律

目的 通过观察不同甲状腺功能状态下甲状腺CT值和甲状腺摄131I率间变化规律,为进一步探讨Graves病(GD)患者甲状腺CT值与甲状腺摄131I率间关系奠定基础.方法 受检者选自廊坊市人民医院核医学科2007年3月至2009年12月门诊首诊患者及我院正常体检人群,按甲状腺功能不同分为甲亢组、甲减组和正常组,分别测定甲状腺激素水平、甲状腺CT值和摄131I率,其结果分别与甲状腺功能正常组做对照,各组数据以均数±标准差((x)±s)表示,行方差分析.结果 与正常组比较:①甲亢组,甲状腺激素TT36.38±2.34nmol/L、TT4 195±37.25nmol/L、FT3 10.17±2.76pmoL/L、FT438.94±11.23 pmol/L均明显升高,TSH0.11±0.88 μU/mL降低,P均＜0.01;甲状腺摄131I率2h 44±9％、4h 58±16％、24h 76±15％,各时间点均明显增高,P均＜0.01;甲状腺CT值78±13HU降低,P＜0.01.②甲减组,甲状腺激素水平TT30.57±0.14nmol/L、TT426.03±8.55nmol/L、FT3 1.37±0.84pmol/L、FT44.72±1.39pmol/L均明显降低,TSH 15.67±8.95μU/mL增高,P均＜0.01;甲状腺摄131Ⅰ率2h5.7±2.3％、4h3.8±1.3％、24h 2.6±1.1％,各时间点均明显降低,P均＜0.01;甲状腺CT值53±16HU降低,P＜0.01.结论 不同甲状腺功能状态下甲状腺CT值和甲状腺摄131I率间存在一定变化规律,该规律与甲状腺病理改变和甲状腺滤泡内I-含量变化密切相关.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.