微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的：探讨微创股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者的临床疗效。方法：2020年4月至2020年10月治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者76例,分别采用微创股骨头置换术（假体组）与PFNA内固定术。假体组35例,女24例,男11例,年龄（86.2±6.1）岁;PFNA组41例,女28例,男13例,年龄（84.6±5.3）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后1、6、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间13~17（14.3±1.4）个月。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;PFNA组出血量少于假体组（P<0.05）;术后下地活动时间假体组明显早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术后1、6个月假体组的Harris评分高于PFNA组（P<0.05）,术后12个月两组Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。假体组并发症少于PFNA组（P<0.05）。结论：高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,采用微创股骨头置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于术后早期康复,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

人工股骨头置换治疗高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效的手术时机选择

目的:分析高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉失效后行人工股骨头置换术的手术时机选择。方法：2013年7月至2019年9月,采用人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后的17例高龄患者,根据从确诊内固定失效到行人工股骨头置换术的间隔时间将患者分为早期手术和延期手术两组。其中,早期手术组8例,男5例,女3例;年龄80~89（84.88±2.79）岁;间隔1~7（4.13±1.73） d。延期手术组9例,男4例,女5例;年龄80~89（84.22±3.03）岁;间隔15~30（25.56±4.36） d。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数及死亡例数。术后1、12个月采用Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果：术后患者切口愈合良好,早期手术组泌尿道感染1例;延期手术组中,肌间静脉血栓2例,肺部感染1例,泌尿道感染3例,假体脱位1例。17例患者均获随访,时间12~16（14.76±1.86）个月。两组手术时间、术中失血量、死亡例数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组术后首次下地负重时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后12个月两组患者Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：高龄患者股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定失效后,早期手术同延期手术相比,其死亡率及最终髋关节功能无明显差异,但早期行人工股骨头置换术能够让患者更早下地负重,缩短住院时间,有效减少并发症率,尽快恢复髋关节功能。     

生物型加长柄半髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折中期疗效随访

目的：探讨生物型加长柄半髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折中期疗效。方法：自2016年1月至2019年1月治疗32例高龄不稳定骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折患者,其中男12例,女20例;年龄85~95（89.5±4.5）岁。骨折分型按Evans分型：Ⅲ型12例,Ⅳ型11例,Ⅴ型9例。受伤至手术时间0.5~9（4.5±3.9） d。记录患者手术时间、总体失血量、术后并发症,术后疗效评价采用PPMS （Parker Palmer mobility score）及Harris髋关节功能评分标准。结果：术后1年内死亡4例,死亡率为12.5%,其余28例患者均获得随访,时间24~60（28.5±4.5）个月,手术时间（54.2±22.5） min,总体失血量（显性出血+隐性失血）为（450±140） ml,无围手术期死亡,术后首次负重时间为（3.35±1.35） d;术后1、3、6个月及末次随访PPMS评分分别为（6.63±1.25）、（6.94±1.18）、（7.11±0.83）、（7.32±1.11）分,Harris评分分别为（67.85±6.19）、（71.42±5.57）、（73.41±5.62）、（77.32±5.24）分;术后1、3、6个月及末次随访PPMS及Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;末次随访时未见关节脱位、假体松动等并发症。结论：在严格掌握病例选择标准前提下,采用生物型加长柄半髋关节置换治疗高龄不稳定骨质疏松性股骨转子间骨折中期疗效显著,可早期恢复髋关节功能,提高患者生存质量。     

生物型全髋置换治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节炎的中期疗效

目的:分析生物型全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节的中期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月治疗的22例转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后继发创伤性关节炎患者,其中男10例,女12例;年龄61~84(72.5±9.8)岁。初次内固定方式:Gamma钉固定14例,PFNA固定8例。内固定术后至THA时间10~68(32.2±21.3)个月。比较术前及术后髋关节Harris评分,通过术后3、6、12个月及末次随访影像学评估假体位置。结果:1例在术后1年死于心衰,2例术后2年死于晚期肿瘤,其余19例患者获得随访,时间36~64(48.5±11.9)个月。末次随访时14例可自由行走,4例需单手杖辅助,1例需助步器辅助。随访期间无关节脱位、假体周围骨折及深静脉血栓形成等严重并发症发生。髋关节Harris评分由术前的(29.2±12.9)分提高到末次随访的(74.2±11.2)分(P<0.05);其中优9例,良7例,可3例。结论:生物型全髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节炎,可明显改善髋关节功能,有效避免骨水泥植入综合征,中期疗效满意。     

骨保留型股骨柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型股骨髓腔中的应用

目的：探讨应用Tri-lock生物短柄假体在年轻患者Dorr C型髓腔进行人工全髋关节置换的近期临床疗效。方法：2010年1月至2014年1月采用Tri-Lock BPS假体行全髋关节置换术治疗烟囱状股骨髓腔年轻患者35例（37髋），男18例（20髋），女17例（17髋）；年龄21.2～38.5（32.2±3.0）岁。类风湿髋关节炎16例17髋，类风湿关节炎8例9髋，股骨头无菌性坏死11例11髋。所有病例合并不同程度的骨质疏松，按Singh指数分级：Ⅲ级26例，Ⅱ级9例。髋臼全部采用生物型假体，均采用陶瓷内衬，股骨头采用全陶瓷头。正位X线片上股骨近段髓腔形态均为Dorr C型，置换术后行X线检查评估假体柄位置，Engh标准评价骨-假体界面稳定性，Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能，并统计比较术前和末次随访时的髋关节活动度变化。结果：全部病例获得随访，随访时间18～45个月，平均33.8个月。35例（37髋） Harris髋关节评分由术前51.2～73.5（61.8±3.0）分提高至末次随访时92.5～98.8（93.3±6.5）分，差异有统计学意义（t=54.745，P<0.01）。髋关节活动度由术前0～55（46.5±8.0）°提高到末次随访时的85～130（101.2±10.5）°，差异有统计学意义（t=133.091，P<0.01）。术后即刻X线片均显示股骨短柄假体与髓腔紧密压配，末次随访时37髋均有明显股骨骨皮质增厚；22髋有不同程度股骨近端应力遮挡性骨吸收，其中Ⅰ度（股骨距密度低，且变圆钝）12髋，Ⅱ度（累及小转子）10髋。15髋有明显股骨骨皮质增厚，无大腿痛发生。结论：锥形柄短柄化的Tri-Lock生物短柄可良好充填Dorr C型烟囱状髓腔并有效保留良好的股骨近端骨量，表面钛微孔涂层可有效增加假体摩擦力，短小的柄端在髓腔内的指向作用可有效避免髋内外翻的发生。     

带股骨距假体置换与髓内钉治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效对比

目的：分析采用带股骨距假体髋关节置换术与同期行闭合复位防旋股骨近端髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation,PFNA）内固定术治疗高龄患者（≥ 80岁）股骨转子间不稳定型骨折（Evans Ⅲ、Ⅳ型）的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2016年6月至2018年3月采用假体置换与PFNA治疗的高龄股骨转子间不稳定型骨折患者60例,根据手术方式分为PFNA组与假体组,其中PFNA组男21例,女15例,年龄（84.3±2.9）岁;假体组男10例,女14例,年龄（82.9±2.4）岁。观察比较两组手术时间、术前与术后1 d血红蛋白差值、术后下地活动时间、住院时间及并发症发生情况,术后3、12个月行髋关节功能Harris评分。结果：患者均获得随访,时间12~24（19.3±4.8）个月,假体组1例1年后死于肺癌,随访终止。假体组手术时间长于PFNA组（P<0.05）;术前后血红蛋白差值,假体组与PFNA组无差异（P>0.05）;下地活动时间,假体组早于PFNA组（P<0.05）;并发症出现数量,假体组少于PFNA组（P<0.05）;治疗前假体组与PFNA组Harris评分差异无统计学意义,治疗后两组评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,术后3个月随访假体组评分高于髓内钉组（P<0.05）,术后12个月差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：对高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,尤其骨质疏松严重者,实施带股骨距假体髋关节置换术治疗是一种良好选择,有利于高龄患者术后功能锻炼和早期下地活动,减少并发症,提高生活质量,减轻家属及社会负担。     

自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位16例

目的:观察自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位的疗效,评价髋臼骨缺损进行自体骨重建的优越性。方法:自2008年3月至2013年12月采用自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位16例(16髋),其中男11例,女5例;年龄41～72岁,平均56.3岁;病程3.6～37.2年;交通事故伤12例,坠落伤4例。所有患者进行系统跟踪随访,评定术后1个月髋关节疼痛指标、Harris评分及髋关节总活动度变化。结果:16例(16髋)均获随访,时间11～78个月,平均27.3个月。16例(16髋)术前髋关节总活动度(56.2±23.4)°,VAS评分86.3±7.2,Harris评分32.6±12.6;术后1个月髋关节总活动度(181.8±17.6)°,VAS评分11.1±2.6,Harris评分86.3±7.2,均较术前改善,术后解决了疼痛和髋关节功能受限,假体位置均完好。结论:自体股骨头植骨结合全髋关节置换术治疗陈旧性髋关节中心性脱位,髋臼的初始稳定性及远期稳定性均较好,自体骨植骨避免了异体骨的并发症,骨源合理利用,价格低廉,减轻了患者负担。     

大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨在全髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的: 探讨采用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定加自体骨屑植骨进行全髋关节置换翻修的临床效果。方法: 自2010年12月至2018年12月,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,行全髋关节置换翻修术患者18例,其中男8例,女10例;年龄68~82(78.89±3.32)岁;初次置换术后至翻修时间9~22(16.33±2.93)年。术后定期随访记录患者截骨块愈合时间、完全负重活动时间、髋关节Harris评分及并发症等情况。结果: 纳入研究的18例患者均获得随访,时间16~38(25.78±6.65)个月。手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。切口长度16~21(18.89±1.32) cm。手术时间105~128(115.44±6.59) min;出血量240~285(267.44±13.77) ml。截骨块愈合时间12~18(15.61±1.75)周;患者完全负重活动时间14~22(17.78±2.53)周。术前髋关节Harris评分(47.11±5.04)分,完全负重活动时髋关节Harris评分(76.39±3.85)分,末次随访时髋关节Harris评分(82.22±2.76)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间,患者均未发生患肢短缩、感染、切口愈合不良、假体松动及下沉、假体周围骨折等并发症。结论: 在全髋关节置换翻修术时,应用大转子延长截骨钢丝固定结合自体骨屑植骨,能够获得满意的临床治疗效果,但需要术者对翻修术前、术中及术后恢复等各个时期做好系统规划。     

全髋关节置换术127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体的比较

目的：探讨127°小颈干角和135°大颈干角假体行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）的疗效。方法：2014年1月至2016年6月行THA患者84例,男44例,女40例;年龄45~72（53.4±8.1）岁,股骨头坏死68例（左侧32例,右侧36例）,其他原因导致严重髋关节骨性关节炎16例,病程9~36（24.0±5.5）个月。分别采用小颈干角（127°）和大颈干角（135°）假体,每组42例,术后两组患者进行髋关节Harris评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,双下肢长度测量,不同颈干角生物力学评估,比较术后并发症发生情况以及患者术后24个月生活质量。结果：两组患者各有2例患者失访,其余患者均获得随访,随访时间30~36（33.0±1.6）个月。术前及术后1、6、12、24个月进行Harris评分及双下肢长度测量,两组患者髋关节Harris评分及双下肢长度差与术前比较均得到明显改善（P<0.05）,而组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组术后1、6、12、24个月VAS评分均低于术前（P<0.05）;两组VAS评分术前差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但术后大颈干角组VAS评分明显低于小颈干角组（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症（包括假体松动、脱位）的发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后24个月生活质量较术前生活质量明显提高（P<0.05）,且组间比较发现135°大颈干角组生活质量较127°小颈干角组生活质量更高（P<0.05）。。结论：大、小颈干角假体的THA均能较好地恢复患者髋关节的功能,但是大颈干角更能降低术后疼痛程度,进而提高患者术后的生活质量。     

前外侧入路人工关节置换治疗股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折

目的:探讨股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折经一次性关节置换术的临床疗效。方法:自2003年10月至2013年10月,对7例外伤性股骨转子下新鲜骨折伴股骨颈陈旧性骨折患者行一次性人工髋关节置换术,其中男5例,女2例;年龄 69～80岁,平均74.5岁。股骨颈骨折按照Garden分型:Ⅳ型2例,Ⅴ型5例。股骨骨折类型按照 AO分类均为 A1型长斜形股骨转子下骨折,均采用生物涂层长柄股骨假体。术后观察其并发症并采用Charnley评分系统评价髋关节功能。结果:7例患者均获随访,时间 12～24个月,平均18个月。术后泌尿系统感染1例,深静脉栓塞1例。5例患者在术后 6个月恢复步行能力,2例在 1年后仍需扶拐步行。按Charnley髋关节功能评分标准,总分(15.0±2.5)分,其中优4例,良2 例,中1例。结论:前外侧入路人工髋关节置换治疗股骨转子下骨折并股骨颈陈旧性骨折,具有关节稳定性好、并发症少、恢复快、疼痛轻、可早期下地活动的优点。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.