我国居民中医药科普知识认知情况调查研究?

目的：了解我国居民对中医药科普知识的认知情况,为中医药科普工作提供合理化建议。方法在参考政府指南和有关研究的基础上,自行设计调查问卷并在全国随机发放1800份,回收1486份,共得有效问卷1050份。调查内容涉及性别、年龄等7项基本信息和中医学科属性、中医学科优势、人体生命规律等17项中医药科普知识。建立数据库,采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析,分别统计各项中医药科普知识认知情况的均值和标准差值,进行正态分布和方差齐性检验,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA),组间两两比较,若方差齐者使用LSD检验,方差不齐则使用Tamhane’ T2法。结果我国居民对中医药科普知识总体认知水平比较有限,17项中医药科普知识的总认知程度均值为2.07,标准差值为0.53;认知程度均值最高的是服药注意事项2.47;认知程度均值最低的是五行学说为1.78。年龄组间分析显示,40~49岁组人群最低(33.04);教育程度对我国居民的中医药科普知识认知程度有显著影响,“未上过学”和“高中学历”2组,分别与相邻组间的认知水平差异最为显著;职业组间分析显示,学生组认知程度最高,与农民组的差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=6.125);家庭月均收入组间分析显示,5000~9999元/月组与1000~4999元/月组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=2.870);健康状况变化程度(1年内)组间分析显示,自述“好一些”组与“差多了”组间差异最为显著( P<0.001,均值差=7．058)。结论我国居民中医药科普知识认知水平较低,亟需改善中医药科普认知现状。中医药科普内容应当系统化,加强中医思想和基本理论的普及是重点。中医药科普工作需更加深入基层,充分发挥其改善公众健康总体水平的社会公益作用。中医药科普知识认知水平量化评价方法有待完善。     

北京市居民中医认知及需求情况调查研究

目的 了解北京市居民对中医药的认知、选择和利用中医药防治疾病的需求情况,为首都中医药事业的发展提供合理建议.方法 在北京市18个区(县)随机调查50 000名居民,调查内容主要包括居民对中医药的基本认知、喜爱与偏好、选择情况、利用情况及居民中医药知识的来源.结果 86.3%的调查对象曾经看过中医或吃过中药,86%的居民对中医药有不同程度的关注,居民患病后首选"中医、中西医结合"治疗的比例是54.7%.结论 北京市居民对中医药的认知、理解较深刻,大部分居民及其亲属都曾经看过中医或吃过中药,中医药事业的发展在北京市有着深厚的群众基础.     

以三伏贴为例探究中医药科普现状及其提升路径

[目的]以三伏贴为例,调查居民中医药科普知识现状及其影响因素,为制定中医药科普宣教策略与方法提供科学建议。[方法]采用网络调查问卷及Logistic回归分析法,研究居民对三伏贴的认知、行为、意愿及影响因素,探讨中医药科普的有效策略及方法。[结果]居民对其治病类型的认知正确率分别为支气管炎或慢性阻塞性肺疾病（22.9%）、鼻炎（21.4%）、保健和增强免疫力（19.3%）;对治疗方式的认知正确率分别为医保可报销（35.0%）和每疗程用药次数（20.3%）;只有7.8%居民曾有治疗体验;获取知识途径单一,主要为口口相传（26.6%）和网络（22.6%）。治病类型认知正确率的最大促进因素为基础疾病患者,其比值比（odds ratio,OR）为2.44(P<0.05);治疗方式认知正确率的促进因素有女性（OR=1.70,P<0.01）和参保人员（OR=2.41,P<0.01）。居民知识需求率为71.7%,60岁及以上老年人为100%,国内外科普宣教认同率为78.2%和80.0%。[结论]居民三伏贴科普知识及应用水平较低,但治疗意愿、知识需求及科普宣教认同率较高。建议加大特定疗...     

社区居民对肝癌危险因素的认知情况调查简

目的 了解社区居民对肝癌危险因素的认知情况,推行基于中医“治未病”理论的健康教育,促进肝癌的一级预防工作.方法 采用横断面研究,选取琼海和梅州地区16～85岁的社区人群进行问卷调查.对两地居民肝癌危险相关因素知晓情况进行x2检验.对不同一般资料居民知晓程度、健康行为评分进行比较.结果 在所调查的肝癌危险相关6个因素中,两地居民对黄曲霉素和腌制食品这两个因素的知晓率差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.001、P=0.032）;居民知晓程度评分比较中,不同年龄（P＜0.001）、职业（P＜0.001）、学历（P＜0.001）、月收入（P=0.027）和住所（P＜ 0.001）差异有统计学意义.而在健康行为评分比较中,地区（P=0.002）、性别（P=0.013）、年龄（P=0.025）、学历（P=0.001）差异有统计学意义.结论 两地社区居民对慢性肝炎的危害认识不足,对糖尿病有更高罹患肝癌风险认识程度较低;不同的生活习惯对黄曲霉素和腌制食品相关的知晓程度及健康行为评分有明显影响;年龄、居住地、学历的差异是影响知晓程度和健康行为的主要因素.基于中医“治未病”理论的肝癌相关危险因素健康教育有深远的意义.     

北京市居民对中医药的选择和利用及偏好调查分析

目的 调查北京居民对中医药的选择、利用及偏好现状,分析影响北京市居民利用中医药的诸多因素,为北京市中医药事业的发展提供合理建议.方法在北京市随机对50 000名居民进行中医药利用现状的调查分析,采用Epidata 3.1建立数据录入软件,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 86.3%的调查对象曾经看过中医或吃过中药,86.4%的调查对象诉其家人曾经看过中医或吃过中药.城区居民看中医、吃中药者所占比例高于郊区,且女性高于男性.≥60者看中医、吃中药者所占比例最高.利用中医药进行"慢性病"治疗者所占比例最高.结论 北京市居民对中医药的利用程度较高,较多居民患病后首选"中西医结合"的治疗方法,性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、收入、职业及患病情况、对中医的认知情况是居民对中医药的选择与利用的影响因素.     

七级语义量词赋值差值分析比较

目的探讨七级语义量词赋值差值的分布规律.方法 165名士兵对同意程度和症状水平两组七级语义量词进行赋值,分析赋值差值的分布特征、组内各词赋值差值及高中组和初中组赋值差值之间的差异程度.结果两组词的赋值差值均呈正偏态分布,两组词赋值差值相比,二者差异不显著(Z= -0.87,P >0.05);组内各词赋值差值有显著性差异(症状水平F=15.49,同意程度F=28.15,P ＜0.01),第一个词和第七个词与其他词赋值差值的差异性最大;被试赋值差值高中组和初中组相比,差异不显著(Z=-1.82,P >0.05).结论语义量词赋值差值大小呈正偏态分布,两组词的赋值之间有一定的一致性;词与词之间赋值区间宽度差异较大;学历对赋值区间宽度的影响有待于进一步研究.     

中部地区城市社区居民焦虑流行特点及心理护理服务利用态度调查

目的:了解城市社区居民焦虑发生率及流行特征情况,以及心理护理服务利用态度.方法:采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对湖北、湖南2省4市6区1822名居民进行入户调查.结果:城市居民焦虑检出率为9.11％.单变量分析显示,焦虑不存在性别、不同医疗保障之间的差异;不同年龄组、文化程度、家庭月总收入、就业状况者,其焦虑检出率存在差异.Logistic回归分析显示,焦虑的预测变量有:年龄24岁以下、25岁-、35岁-者焦虑发生率低于55岁以上者;家庭月总收入低于1500元的居民焦虑检出率高于1500元-和2500元-者.焦虑居民自评对心理护理服务需要高于没有焦虑症状居民(39.57％,21.46％),但是面对问题时,心理护理服务利用意向低于没有焦虑症状居民(x2=14.603,P＜0.001).结论:中部地区城市社区居民焦虑程度中等,年龄较长、家庭收入较低是情绪问题重要风险因素,不同城市居民焦虑程度有所区别.有情绪问题的居民心理卫生主观需要较高,但是实际利用意向较低.     

北京市居民对中医药的基本认知、关注程度及知识来源分析

目的 分析北京市居民对中医药的基本认知状况,了解北京市居民对中医药知识的关注程度,探索北京市居民中医药知识的主要来源.方法 在北京市随机调查50 000名居民,采用Epidata 3.1建立数据库,采用SPSS 13.0进行数据分析.结果 53.8%的被调查者认为"副作用小"是中医药的优势,42.8%的被调查者认为"疗效好"是中医药的优势,35.0%的被调查者认为"医疗费用低"是中医药的优势;86%以上的被调查者都会对中医药有不同程度的关注;49.7%的居民诉其获取中医药知识的主要途径是"报纸、书刊、杂志".结论 北京市居民对中医的认知度较高,较多居民认为"副作用小"、"疗效好"、"费用低"是中医药的主要优势;居民对中医药知识的关注程度较高,其中获取中医药相关知识最主要的渠道是"报纸、书刊、杂志".     

创新科普模式改善社区居民骨健康认知的探讨

  目的  探索医学科普相声这一全新科普模式对于上海社区居民骨健康认知程度的影响。  方法  2018年6月—2019年1月，采用方便抽样法从3个社区各抽取150例社区居民为研究对象，其中科普相声组150例、传统宣讲组150例、空白对照组150例。分别在基线、科普干预3个月及6个月后对3组居民进行骨健康认知评估。联合社会人口学资料，对干预前后骨健康认知进行分析。  结果  同基线期相比，科普相声组、传统宣讲组的骨健康认知在科普干预3个月、6个月后均有提高。其中，科普相声组的4个知识点知晓率均有显著提高(均P < 0.05)；而传统宣讲组仅2个知识点知晓率有显著提高[骨质疏松症的定义(χ2=93.329，P < 0.001)、骨质疏松症的主要特征(χ2=8.035，P=0.018)]。  结论  医学科普相声这种创新科普模式具有更佳的科普效果和更广泛的适用知识范围。未来精准化社区健康科普活动要特别考虑创新科普模式等因素对科普效果的影响。      

儋州市居民咀嚼槟榔行为及口腔健康状况调查分析

目的调查儋州市居民咀嚼槟榔行为及口腔健康状况.方法参照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查表,随机抽取儋州市350名常驻居民作为研究样本.结果350名被抽调居民共完成有效问卷337份,有咀嚼槟榔习惯者64名,占19.0％,咀嚼槟榔者与非咀嚼者除牙结石检出率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)外,在性别(P＜0.01)、受教育程度(P＜0.05)、牙龈出血(P＜0.01)、牙周炎(P＜0.01)、下颌关节疼痛(P＜0.01)和OSF (P＜0.05)方面比较差异均具有统计学意义;对口腔健康的认知显示,23.4％名被调查者认为咀嚼槟榔有利于口腔健康.结论海南省儋州市居民有咀嚼槟榔习惯,有咀嚼槟榔习惯者男性多于女性;随受教育程度升高咀嚼槟榔习惯降低,咀嚼槟榔者的口腔状况较不咀嚼者差.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.