老年重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者护理专家共识

目的新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)因2019年12月发生在武汉的不明原因病毒性肺炎病例而被发现,由该病原感染所致的肺炎称为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)。虽然2019-nCoV对于人群普遍易感,但老年人由于免疫力低下且合并基础疾病较多,使得该组人群感染后病情进展更快、严重程度更高,重症及危重症患者较多。为进一步提高老年重症COVID-19患者的护理质量、减少并发症、降低死亡率,我们组织国内老年重症护理专家在文献回顾和专家研讨的基础上编写该共识,该共识涵盖老年重症COVID-19患者的评估、临床护理、出院护理等相关内容,以期为临床实践提供借鉴与指导。     

河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎重症病例影响因素分析

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎重症病例的影响因素,为优化配置医疗卫生资源和减少死亡的发生提供理论依据.方法 选取截至2020 年3 月31 日国家传染病信息报告系统中河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例,采用SPSS 22.0 统计软件,对性别、年龄、职业、基础疾病、发病到就诊时间间隔等因素进行卡方检验,选择有统计学意义的因素进...     

一例重症新型冠状病毒肺炎的诊治及文献复习

2019年12月起,新型冠状病毒肺炎在武汉市流行,并迅速传播,其病毒传染力强、潜伏期长。新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床症状不典型,确诊主要依靠病毒核酸检测,且诊断及治疗仍在不断摸索。本文通过对一例重症新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的诊治过程及相关文献的学习进行分析总结,以助于早期诊断、早期隔离、早期治疗,防止向危重症发展提供帮助。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎并发重症急性胰腺炎一例

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)并发SAP时易进展为重型、甚至危重型,可发生全身炎症反应综合征并伴有器官功能衰竭,甚至死亡。本文报道1例COVID-19并发SAP患者诊治经过,分析病因及诊治经验,为临床COVID-19诊治提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间重症患者救治的医疗质控信息化建设实践

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)期间,重症患者定点收治医院加强医疗质量信息化管控的作用。方法:通过多级医疗资质授权、无纸化签名、患者临床分型、各类重症监护系统集成、危急值报告、智能出院随访的信息化建设,提升重症患者救治的医疗质控效率,覆盖院前、院中、出院后的全周期。结果:通过面向重症COVID-19患者救治的医疗质控信息化建设,极大提升了质控效率,降低了患者的病死率。结论:信息化在医疗质控的落实中发挥着重要作用,推动医院信息化建设,是提升医院医疗水平的重要手段。     

新型冠状病毒性肺炎重症患者死亡一例

自2019年12月底以来,湖北省武汉市及全国其他地区陆续出现大量新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染的肺炎病例,给公共卫生造成重大威胁。世界卫生组织(world health organization,WHO)将这一病毒导致的疾病正式命名为2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)[1]。部分病例在起病时属于轻型或普通型,后续病情突然变化、进展迅速,很快转化成危重症后死亡,救治难度大[2]。现就笔者支援武汉时收治的1例COVID-19重症患者的治疗方案、病情演变过程和最终结局进行分析讨论。     

膈肌电刺激治疗重症新型冠状病毒肺炎患者1例

2020年2月19日,我院收治了 1例由外院确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者.患者因病情危重转入我院感染ICU予以隔离治疗,行气管插管机械通气,给予镇静镇痛、抗感染、抗病毒、祛痰、营养、对症支持治疗.患者由于高龄、长期机械通气、镇痛镇静,可能会出现呼吸机相关性膈肌萎缩(VIDD).鉴于此,对患者实施了膈肌电刺激治疗及呼吸训练...     

入院时空腹血糖水平升高与新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病死率关系的Meta分析

目的 入院时空腹血糖水平升高与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者病死率是否有关,目前研究结论存在矛盾,本研究采用Meta分析的方法探讨入院时空腹血糖水平升高与COVID-19患者病死率之间的关系.方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国生物医...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎死亡患者80例的临床特征分析

目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)死亡病例的临床特征和死亡原因,为降低患者病死率提供借鉴。方法:对2020年1月11日至2月11日武汉大学人民医院收治的80例COVID-19死亡患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。并对患者入院后第1次与死亡前最后一次的白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、降钙素原、乳酸、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物、N末端脑钠肽前体、超敏肌钙蛋白I、乳酸脱氢酶、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数进行比较。统计学分析采用配对t检验或威尔科克森符号秩检验。结果:80例死亡患者的中位年龄为72岁,年龄≥60岁者占78.75%(63/80)。入院时重型患者36例(45.00%),危重型44例(55.00%);58例(72.50%)合并有基础疾病,主要为高血压、糖尿病、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等。患者入院后第1次与死亡前最后一次实验室检查结果比较,白细胞计数升高[8.01(4.86,12.29)×109/L比12.55(8.25,17.66)×109/L],淋巴细胞计数降低[0.70(0.46,0.88)×109/L比0.54(0.39,0.75)×109/L],降钙素原升高[0.20(0.11,0.74)μg/L比1.00(0.20,1.99)μg/L],乳酸水平升高[2.10(1.40,3.10)mmol/L比3.10(2.60,4.10)mmol/L],D-二聚体升高[4.33(0.97,18.98)mg/L比15.29(5.17,53.44)mg/L],纤维蛋白降解产物升高[15.90(3.58,76.60)mg/L比63.14(21.23,110.67)mg/L],N末端脑钠肽前体升高[1078.00(347.35,2996.50)ng/L比3439.50(1576.00,9281.50)ng/L],超敏肌钙蛋白I升高[0.08(0.03,0.17)μg/L比0.33(0.14,2.47)μg/L],乳酸脱氢酶升高[397.00(327.00,523.50)U/L比624.00(481.00,854.00)U/L],CD4+T淋巴细胞计数降低[137.00(104.00,168.00)/μL比97.00(67.00,128.00)/μL];差异均有统计学意义(W=238.00、1053.50、150.00、152.00、192.00、190.00、108.00、57.00、53.00、40.00,均P<0.05)。80例患者均接受了抗病毒治疗和呼吸支持等综合治疗,然而病情迅速恶化,入院后1 d内死亡7例,7 d内死亡66例,主要死亡原因是顽固性低氧血症引起的呼吸衰竭及其不可逆的多器官功能衰竭。结论:合并有慢性基础疾病的老年COVID-19患者的预后较差,在病程早期加以重视并予对症治疗,对改善其预后至关重要。     

老年新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特点

目的探讨老年新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床特点,为新型冠状病毒感染老年患者的诊治提供科学依据。方法纳入并收集2020年2月1—28日武汉同济医院中法新城分院B11东病区与光谷分院E1-3病区收治的102例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的临床资料(最后随访日期为2020年2月28日),根据年龄分为老年组(≥60岁)和中青年组(<60岁),回顾性分析两组患者的流行病学、人口学、主要临床表现、实验室检测指标、影像学特征的差异。结果102例确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎的患者中,老年组(≥60岁)58例,中位年龄67.0(63.8,71.0)岁;中青年组(<60岁)44例,中位年龄47.5(38.0,51.8)岁;两组性别构成比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.033,P=0.855)。在暴露史中,42.0%(21/50)患者回忆曾接触新型冠状病毒感染患者,14.0%(7/50)患者来自群聚发病,18.0%(9/50)患者来自可疑院内感染。发热与咳嗽仍为最常见的首发症状,消化道症状如恶心、纳差、腹泻和肌肉疼痛等非呼吸道症状应警惕,老年男性患者乏力与咳嗽首发居多。双侧斑片状阴影(57.9%、22/38)和磨玻璃影(42.1%、16/38)为主要影像学特点,42.1%(16/38)出现多部位累及。超过50%的患者出现血糖、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、多项细胞因子水平及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比升高,白蛋白、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、淋巴细胞、血钙水平降低。老年组与中青年组比较,D-二聚体、血钙浓度异常比例差异有统计学意义(χ²=7.067、4.166,P=0.008、0.041)。结论老年患者总体以发热与咳嗽为最常见首发症状,老年患者临床实验室化验值多项异常,与中青年患者相比有一定的特殊性。     

Toujie Quwen granule used with conventional western therapy for coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic infectious disease resulted from 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Up till now, COVID-19 has swept globally. Currently, due to many high-profiled benefits, clinical studies on Toujie Quwen granule (TJQW) have been increasing. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of TJQW used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Chinese and English databases, and the search time is January 2020 to May 2021. English databases include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Chinese databases include CNKI, WF, VIP, and CBM. The international clinical trial registration platform and the Chinese clinical trial registration platform of controlled trials will be searched by us from January 2020 to May 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening literature, extraction data will be conducted by 2 researchers independently. Statistical analysis will be conducted using the RevMan 5.3.5 software. After screening the literature based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, The Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be used to evaluate the quality of each result.Results:This study will provide the evidence for TJQW to be used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19.Conclusion:The efficacy and safety of TJQW used with conventional western therapy for COVID-19 will be assessed.INPLASY registration number:INPLASY202150038     

Early prediction model for progression and prognosis of severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a rampant worldwide health threat and we aimed to develop a model for early prediction of disease progression.This retrospective study included 124 adult inpatients with COVID-19 who presented with severe illness at admission and had a definite outcome (recovered or progressed to critical illness) during February 2020. Eighty-four patients were used as training cohort and 40 patients as validation cohort. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to develop and evaluate the prognostic prediction model.In the training cohort, the mean age was 63.4 ± 1.5 years, and male patients (48, 57%) were predominant. Forty-three (52%) recovered, and 41 (49%) progressed to critical. Decreased lymphocyte count (LC, odds ratio [OR] = 4.40, P = .026), elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (LDH, OR = 4.24, P = .030), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, OR = 1.01, P = .025) at admission were independently associated with higher odds of deteriorated outcome. Accordingly, we developed a predictive model for disease progression based on the levels of the 3 risk factors (LC, LDH, and hsCRP) with a satisfactory performance in ROC analysis (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.88, P < .001) and the best cut-off value was 0.526 with the sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 90.7%, respectively. Then, the model was internally validated by leave-one-out cross-validation with value of AUC 0.85 (P < .001) and externally validated in another validation cohort (26 recovered patients and 14 progressed patients) with AUC 0.84 (P < .001).We identified 3 clinical indicators of risk of progression and developed a severe COVID-19 prognostic prediction model, allowing early identification and intervention of high-risk patients being critically illness.     

The effect of coagulation factors in 2019 novel coronavirus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:The role of coagulation dysfunction in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inconsistent. We aimed to explore the impact of coagulation dysfunction amongst patients with COVID-19.Methods:We searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases from December 1, 2019 to April 27, 2020 following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Data about coagulation (Platelets, PT, APTT, fibrin, fibrinogen degradation products, D-dimer), prevalence of coagulation dysfunction and mortality were extracted. Meta regression was used to explore the heterogeneity.Results:Sixteen observational studies were included, comprising 2, 139 patients with confirmed COVID-19. More severe COVID-19 cases tended to have higher mean D-dimer (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.03, P < .001). The similar pattern occurred with PT and fibrin, with a contrary trend for PLTs. Coagulation dysfunction was more frequent in severe cases compared to less severe (SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.67, P < .001). Higher mortality was associated with COVID-19-related coagulopathy (RR 10.86, 2.86 to 41.24, P < .001). Prevalence of ARDS was increased in more severe patients than less severe cases (RR 16.52, 11.27 to 24.22, P < .001). PT, fibrin and D-dimer levels elevated significantly in non-survivors during hospitalization.Conclusion:Presence of coagulation dysfunction might be associated with COVID-19 severity, and coagulopathy might be associated with mortality. Coagulation markers including PT, fibrin and D-dimer may imply the progression of COVID-19. This illuminates the necessity of effectively monitoring coagulation function for preventing COVID-19-related coagulopathy, especially in severe patients. For the obvious heterogeneity, the quality of the evidence is compromised. Future rigorous randomized controlled trials that assess the correlation between coagulation and COVID-19 are needed.Trial registration:PROSPERO (CRD42020183514).     

Statin and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review,meta-analysis,and meta-regression

AimsOne of the comorbidities associated with severe outcome and mortality of COVID-19 is dyslipidemia. Statin is one of the drugs which is most commonly used for the treatment of dyslipidemic patients. This study aims to analyze the association between statin use and composite poor outcomes of COVID-19.Data synthesisWe systematically searched the PubMed and Europe PMC database using specific keywords related to our aims until November 25th, 2020. All articles published on COVID-19 and statin were retrieved. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3 software.ResultsA total of 35 studies with a total of 11, 930, 583 patients were included in our analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that statin use did not improve the composite poor outcomes of COVID-19 [OR 1.08 (95% CI 0.86–1.35), p = 0.50, I² = 98%, random-effect modelling]. Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcomes of COVID-19 was influenced by age (p = 0.010), gender (p = 0.045), and cardiovascular disease (p = 0.012). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age ≥60 years-old (OR 0.94) compared to <60 years-old (OR 1.43), and in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease ≥25% (RR 0.94) compared to <25% (RR 1.24).ConclusionStatin use did not improve the composite poor outcomes of COVID-19. Patients with dyslipidemia should continue taking statin drugs despite COVID-19 infection status, given its beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes.     

CD4+T淋巴细胞和CD8+T淋巴细胞对新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床分型及其预后的价值

目的探讨CD4⁺T淋巴细胞和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床分型及其预后的价值。方法纳入2020年1月至3月上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心收治的95例COVID-19患者,比较普通型、重型、危重型患者及临床转归为治愈、好转、未愈、死亡患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数。采用受试者操作特征曲线下面积评估CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数对COVID-19临床分型及预后的价值。组间比较采用曼-惠特尼U检验。结果95例COVID-19患者中,普通型68例,重型11例,危重型16例。治疗前普通型、重型和危重型患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为419(309,612)、267(212,540)和141(77,201)/μL,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为238(153,375)、128(96,172)和92(51,144)/μL,差异均有统计学意义(Z=24.322、15.956,均P<0.01)。死亡、未愈、好转和治愈病例的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为149(143,349)、315(116,414)、344(294,426)和745(611,966)/μL,CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数分别为106(43,501)、176(67,279)、194(188,432)和429(276,564)/μL,差异均有统计学意义(Z=36.083、16.658,均P<0.01)。评估危重型患者的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数最佳临界值为237/μL,曲线下面积为0.911[95%可信区间(confidence interval, CI) 0.833~0.989,P<0.01],灵敏度和特异度分别为86.1%和87.5%;评估(危)重型患者治疗有效性的CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数最佳临界值为405/μL,曲线下面积为0.863(95%CI 0.727~0.999,P=0.001),灵敏度和特异度分别为78.6%和74.6%。结论COVID-19的病情可能随CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数和CD8⁺T淋巴细胞计数减少呈加重趋势,CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数可用作COVID-19临床分型诊断和评估(危)重型病例预后的指标。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎28例的临床特征分析

目的分析28例新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)患者的临床特征及诊疗经验。方法收集2020年1月22日至2月5日南宁市第四人民医院收治的28例NCP患者的临床资料。回顾性分析患者的临床表现、流行病学史、实验室检查、影像学检查和治疗方案。结果28例NCP患者中,1例轻型,25例普通型,2例重型,咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸检测均为阳性;其中有4起家庭聚集性发病。临床症状以发热、咳嗽为主,短期内进展迅速。28例患者自发病以来体温(腋下)峰值在36.6~39.5℃,其中5例患者整个病程中无发热,体温峰值≤37.0℃。患者从接触至出现症状的时间为1~12 d,从出现症状至核酸检测阳性时间为0~13 d。入院时白细胞计数降低者2例,C反应蛋白升高者5例;丙氨酸转氨酶异常者6例;天冬氨酸转氨酶异常者3例,肌酸激酶升高者10例;肌酸激酶同工酶升高者3例;乳酸脱氢酶升高者4例;降钙素原水平均在正常范围。胸部计算机断层成像表现主要为磨玻璃影(21例),边缘模糊(18例),斑点、斑片影(17例),部分肺纹理增粗、紊乱(7例),可见条索影(7例),病变常进展迅速。1例11岁患儿单用α-干扰素雾化吸入;27例患者予α-干扰素雾化吸入,洛匹那韦利托那韦抗病毒治疗,其中4例出现不良反应后停用。截至2月12日,共9例患者治愈出院,均为普通型,无死亡。结论NCP发病早期以发热、咳嗽为主,肺部病变进展迅速,应尽早、反复多次进行呼吸道病原体检测,以提高新型冠状病毒核酸检测阳性率,对于核酸检测阴性的可疑人群应慎重解除隔离。     

Predictive model for the development of critical coronavirus disease 2019 and its risk factors among patients in Japan

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine risk factors associated with critical coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and to establish a risk predictive model for Japanese patients.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed adult Japanese patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan between February 1, 2020 and March 10, 2021. The patients were divided into critical and non-critical groups based on their condition during the clinical courses. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics and critical illness. Based on the results, we established a predictive model for the development of critical COVID-19.ResultsIn total, 300 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 86 were included in the critical group. Analyses revealed that age ≥65 y, hemodialysis, need for O₂ supplementation upon diagnosis, and an initial serum C-reactive protein level of ≥6.5 mg/dL were independently associated with the development of critical COVID-19. Next, a predictive model for the development of critical COVID-19 was created, and this included the following variables: age ≥65 y, male sex, diabetes, hemodialysis, need for O₂ supplementation upon diagnosis, and an initial serum C-reactive protein level of ≥6.5 mg/dL. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.90). Using a cutoff score of 12, the positive and negative predictive values of 74.0% and 80.4% were obtained, respectively.ConclusionsUpon diagnosis, the predictive model can be used to identify adult Japanese patients with COVID-19 who will require intensive treatment.