Motivation et sociologie des donneurs de sang en Tunisie : réalités et perspectives

In Tunisia, blood donation is voluntary, anonymous and non-remunerated. The aim of the study is to analyze donor motivation and sociology in the regional center of transfusion of Sfax. Between 14 May 2007 and 23 June 2007, a total of 903 Tunisian blood donors filled a questionnaire. Among the donors, 81.8% were men and have a mean age of 34.2 years and the majority of them have an age between 18 and 29 years. The middle social class was majority (77.8%) as well as the liberal profession (65.1%). Primary and secondary education were dominant (79.3%). Among the blood donors, 41.6% were new donors and 28.6% had a history of a single donation, 50.3% were voluntary and 49.7% replacement donors. The reasons motivating the voluntary donation were solidarity (69.9%), religion (21.2%), health benefit (3.6%) and insurance for the family (5.2%). The replacement donors refuse the voluntary donation for not obvious reasons (51%), lack of availability (13.3%), difficulties of accessibility of the sites of collection (7.6%), phobia of the blood and the stings (4.02%) or by refusal of blood donation (1.79%). The information and the raising awareness of the replacement donors could change in a near future their attitudes to become voluntary and regular donors. The implication of donor associations in the organization of the collections and the promotion of the blood donation would be of considerable contribution.     

Génotypage de 21 000 donneurs de sang au Québec et analyse du RHD

Study goalA repeat blood donor genotyping project was launched by Héma-Québec in October 2007. The objective was to screen 21,000 samples for 22 polymorphisms for red blood cell and platelet blood groups to build a database to easily find compatible donors.Materials and methodsDonors who have donated at least three times during the last year were selected. A drop of blood was spotted on FTA paper and sent to the Pharmacogenomic Centre at the Montreal Heart Institute for analysis. All genotype results were compared to the known phenotype. In parallel, the RHD gene of D negative blood donors was examined.ResultsLess than two years were necessary to complete the database. The genotype/phenotype concordance was 99.6% with only 165 discrepancies observed and further analysed. More than 55% of these discrepancies confirmed the initial genotype. The RHD study done on D negative samples found 13 donors positive for a variant RHD gene. Four were RHD*Ψ positive, while the other nine presented variant polymorphisms precluding a reduced expression of the D antigen.ConclusionThanks to this project, Héma-Québec is able to answer increasing demands for compatible blood more rapidly. The organisation has also demonstrated the security of its D negative inventory.     

Les hépatites B et C chez les donneurs bénévoles de sang et non rémunérés de l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the global prevalence of hepatitis B and C among voluntary blood donor.MethodsIn the study, 1079 blood donors were included. The investigation was carried out from 1 January till 31 December 2010 in the central Blood Bank of Bukavu in DRC. The median age of sample was 26 years. In total, 72.4% among them were male sex and 54.5% of new blood donors.ResultsThe prevalence of hepatitis B was 4.2% and hepatitis C was found in 3.8% case the coinfection VHB and VHC with 2.2%. VHB was prevalent in blood donor group of less than 30 years (5.0%), new blood donor (5.1%), in medical profession (7.1%) and in the male sex group (5.1%) and was significantly according to the sex (P = 0.01) and the place of residence (P = 0.002). A strong association was showed between the rural medium and hepatitis B OR 3,1 (1.4–6.5) and VHC OR 2.9 (1.3–6.5). After estimation with logistic regression a higher risk of seropositivity of VHB found in blood donor sex male group, married group, blood donor coming from the rural middle and having less than 30 years.ConclusionFor blood safety, a particular attention must be laid in the selection of donor before a blood donation and in donation in reagent.     

La collecte de sang placentaire : du concept à la réalité

Cord blood units are now routinely used as an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells from unrelated donors for allogeneic transplantation. In France, cord blood units are collected in a network of more than 70 maternity hospitals in relationship with 11 public cord blood banks part of the Réseau Français de Sang Placentaire. Unrelated cord blood unit donation is an altruistic act, anonymous and free. Donors are selected on medical criteria. Then, only cord blood unit containing more than 100 × 10⁷ total nucleated cells and more than 1.8 × 10⁶ CD34+ cells are cryopreserved according to Réseau Français de Sang Placentaire recommendations. Cord blood units qualification will be completed by viral and functional testings and the clinical outcome of the newborn child 6 weeks after the collection. Since the last 5 years, cord blood banking growing in France in order to enhance the French registry of volunteer donors by increasing both the number and diversity of the donors listed and make available cord blood banking for transplantation.     

Profil de l’hémogramme et intérêt de la mesure de l’hémoglobine pré-don chez des donneurs de sang de la région Nord-Ouest du Maroc

Background

Blood donation in Morocco and more particularly in the northwest region is carried out without prior determination of the pre-donation hemoglobin. In addition, we note the lack of scientific research that reports data on the red blood cells, leukocytes and platelet lines in donated blood at the regional or even national level.

Guide d’organisation des cérémonies de remises des diplômes et des insignes de reconnaissance en faveur des donneurs de sang bénévoles

Award ceremonies constitute an insigne mean of promotion among the blood donor population, and also the general population. They contribute to the development of blood donation loyalty. Even so, their organization must be rigorously and perfectly codified. With this aim, the établissement français du sang Auvergne-Loire, in partnership with the departmental representation of the blood donors national federation, worked out a guide for their associations.     

L’engagement dans le don de plasma : étude des déterminants chez des donneurs réguliers en plasmaphérèse

The purpose of this study, based on the Theory of planned behavior, is to identify and ultimately better understand what determines the fidelity and the regularity of donors committed in plasmapheresis donation. This qualitative study is a primary stage to establish a classification of donors in a French socio-cultural context. For this reason, we have carried out a survey among 16 regular plasmapheresis donors, by way of semi-structured individual interviews at the Établissement français du sang - Brittany. The level of commitment of these regular donors is considered as a level of appropriation. If subjective norms have initially influenced their decision to donate blood, no specific motivation has been highlighted for them to donate plasma except a generally favourable attitude towards the voluntary donation process. The perception of control over their environment is a variable which played a decisive role in the donor's intention to give, with little cost associated to plasmapheresis donation and recourse to internal causal explanations. A better comprehension of the plasmapheresis donors’ determinants should lead us to a more efficient awareness of new potential donors, thereby enhancing recruitment and retention. Due to the increasing need for plasma-derived products, this study's ultimate issue is closely correlated both with ethical and socio-economic aspects. Following which, after analysing the results, a certain number of recommendations will be made.     

Association entre les virus du syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise et le virus de l’hépatite C chez les jeunes donneurs de sang à Kinshasa : analyse rétrospective de 10 années

Study objectives

The screening of anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus antibodies is mandatory in every blood donor admitted to the Blood Bank of Kinshasa University Clinics since 1984. However, no compiled data are available to date. The objective of this study was to establish the trend, prevalence, viral co-infections, and determinants of Human Immunodeficiency anti-Virus serology in blood donors admitted between 2003–2006 and 2008–2013.

Contrôle de qualité des greffons de sang placentaire décongelés : résultats d’une étude multicentrique

PurposeToday, haematopoietic stem cell graft from placental blood concerns more than 15 % of allogeneic grafts. An inter-laboratory study of the quality control of defrosted cord blood units has been coordinated by the French society for cell and tissue bioengineering (SFBCT), with the cord blood bank of Bourgogne Franche-Comté and controlled by the French health products safety agency (Afssaps). The aim of this study is to ensure the inter-laboratory reproducibility of the quality controls practised by the banks during defrosting. The cellular outputs were analyzed according to the defrosting techniques, according to the method used in flow cytometry: single-platform (SP) versus double-platform (DP), or the product nature, i.e. in total blood or miniaturized.MethodsForty-two units of placental blood (USP), which were out of range were provided for defrosting to 14 participating sites. USP were defrosted and controlled according to the procedures of each bank. Once the USP is defrosted, a part of the product was controlled by the site and the other part by Afssaps. Following controls were carried out: numeration of the total nucleated cells (TNC) and of CD34+ cells (made by a SP method in Afssaps) and functional assay.ResultsConcerning TNC, the defrosting sites obtained a cellular output of 94 % ± 28 in day 0 compared with an output of 72 % ± 24 in Afssaps showing a rather good stability of the USP transmitted with an average deviation of 23 % ± 22. The freezing process with or without reduction of volume does not affect this variation. Concerning the numeration of CD34+ cells, the average deviation between the participating sites and Afssaps was 29 % ± 23 compared with 21 % ± 16 for the sites using a SP method against 47 % ± 25 for those using a DP method. The CD34+ outputs are equal to 82 % ± 60 in day 0 for the participating sites against 52 % ± 20 for Afssaps. For the sites using a DP method, it is stressed that this output is particularly high with a rate of 126 % ± 90 (n = 15) whereas it is 62 % ± 20 (n = 32) for the sites using a SP method.ConclusionThese results underline a good stability of viable CD34+ cells and a greater reliability of the SP methods for the CD34+ cell numeration for these defrosted USP. Lastly, the results of the functional assay regarding the average clonogenicities (equal to 15 %) reinforce the conclusions on the quality of the defrosted products.     

La place du pian dans le dépistage sérologique des tréponématoses chez les donneurs de sang de la Martinique

Using TPHA instead of VDRL for syphilis blood-screening since 1995 showed an important increase of positive blood donors in Martinique. Yaws, another treponemic disease, has been present on the island untill 1975-1980. Usual tests are unable to identify which type - veneral or non veneral - of treponema is involved. Our study, carried out from January 1995 to May 1999, compares actual serological and epidemiological characteristics of TPHA reactive donors to former studies. In our results, the frequency of reactive TPHA is about 1.04% in blood donations. Donors are carrying serological tracks of a past treponemic disease with very low rate of antibodies, sometimes linked to yaws. Among donors aged 18 to 30, prevalence is low and is going to become similar to the rate observed in Continental France. This means that this problem will disappear in new donor generations. We suggest the possibility for them to continue blood donation, if their personal preliminary enquiry fits the admission criteria for blood giving.