强迫症大五人格与临床症状的相关性

目的:探讨强迫症患者与健康对照相比人格特质的表现,并分析其与焦虑、抑郁症状的关系。方法:分别运用大五人格量表和耶鲁-布朗强迫量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)量表测量和评估47例强迫症患者及47例健康对照的人格特质及临床症状状况,并进行大五人格量表与临床症状的相关分析。结果:强迫症组与健康对照组相比在神经质、外向性及宜人性上具有显著差异;强迫症组在神经质上得分更高;在外向性、宜人性与健康对照组比得分更低(t=7.349,-4.716,3.676;P0.001);另外强迫症患者的神经质,外向性及宜人性方面与临床症状得分显著相关,且神经质与临床症状得分存在正相关;外向性、宜人性与强迫症的临床症状呈现负相关。开放性及尽责性方面没有发现显著的相关性。结论:强迫症组与健康对照组相比具有异常的神经质、外向性及宜人性的人格特质,且与临床症状具有相关性,对于强迫症的心理治疗具有一定指导意义。     

大学生抑郁症复发相关的人格特质

目的:探索影响大学生抑郁症复发的人格特质。方法:于2018年4-10月开展基线调查,对8079名大学新生使用复合性国际诊断访谈表(CIDI 3.0)进行调查,采用贝克抑郁量表评估抑郁严重程度、人格特质问卷诊断人格特质、神经质问卷测量神经质得分、人际关系综合诊断量表诊断人际关系行为困扰、功能失调性态度量表评价认知障碍,并在2019年4-10月及2020年4-10月完成两次随访调查。结果:大学新生抑郁症1年随访复发率为9.16%(95%CI:6.38%～12.02%),2年随访复发率为18.59%(95%CI:13.94%～23.26%)。边缘型人格特质(OR=4.60,95%CI:2.28～9.28)是大学生抑郁症复发的独立危险因素,其中男性(OR=6.40,95%CI:1.98～20.71),女性(OR=3.77,95%CI:1.56～9.10)。边缘型人格特质与抑郁症复发之间存在剂量-反应关系,有5～8个边缘型人格特征的大学生比0个特征的大学生抑郁症复发的风险高(OR=3.58,95%CI:1.12～11.43)。结论:具有边缘型人格特质的大学生抑郁症患者更易复发。     

远洋渔民神经质人格与抑郁症状的关系:舰艇应激的调节与中介作用

目的:探索远洋渔民舰艇应激在神经症人格特质与抑郁症状关系中的作用,为提高远洋渔民的心理健康水平提供依据。方法:采用随机取样,在海南省琼海市潭门镇登记在册的渔民中随机选取437名渔民,在渔民出海前一周内,用大五人格问卷一神经质分量表和流调中心用抑郁量表进行集体测试,返航时用舰艇人员心理应激源调查问卷和流调中心用抑郁量表进行集体测试。结果:(1)神经质人格特质、舰艇应激总分、舰艇应激-工作关系、舰艇应激-船舶环境、抑郁症状之间呈显著两两正相关;(2)调节效应结果显示:舰艇应激-船舶环境对神经质人格特质和抑郁症状的关系有显著的调节作用。(3)中介效应结果显示:舰艇应激-工作关系在神经质人格特质和抑郁症状关系中起完全中介的作用。结论:远洋渔民神经质人格特质会促进抑郁症状,且舰艇应激-工作关系在其中起完全中介作用,舰艇应激-船舶环境在其中起调节作用。     

快感缺失、压力和神经质人格对抑郁症发病的影响

目的:探讨快感缺失、压力、神经质人格在抑郁症发病中的作用。方法:用愉快情绪量表(TEPS)、大五人格问卷一神经质分量表(FFI-N)、Beck抑郁量表(BDI)、生活事件量表(LES)对84名抑郁症患者和75名健康对照进行调查。结果:抑郁症患者期待性快乐和消费性快乐显著低于健康对照组(P0.05);神经质人格、BDI和应激显著高于健康对照组(P0.01);Logistics回归分析发现消费性快乐(OR=1.10,95%CI=1.03-1.17)、神经质人格(OR=0.91,95%CI=0.83-1.00)、BDI(OR=0.93,95%CI=0.89-0.98)、负性生活事件(OR=0.94,95%CI=0.92-0.97)与抑郁症发病存在显著关联。结论:个体的消费性快乐、负性压力和神经质人格是抑郁症发病的危险因素。     

抑郁症患者人格、应对方式和抑郁严重程度的关系

目的:探讨抑郁症患者与正常对照之间应对方式与人格特质的差异,抑郁症患者人格特质、应对方式与抑郁严重程度之间的关系,以及人格特质和应对方式是如何影响抑郁症患者抑郁严重程度的,人格特质对抑郁症患者应对方式的影响。方法:采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)对山西某三级甲等医院的357例抑郁症患者及284例正常对照组进行调查和评估,用SPSS 22.0对数据进行非参数检验、分层回归分析及线性回归分析。结果:①抑郁患者组在消极应对上高于正常对照组,在积极应对上低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=13.841,-15.491;P0.05);抑郁患者组在精神质和神经质因子上的得分显著高于正常对照组,在内外向因子上的得分显著低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=18.442,2.454,-5.375;P0.05);②人格特质中的精神质与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.190,P0.01),应对方式总分与抑郁呈显著正相关(r=0.123,P0.05),与神经质、精神质、内外向均显著相关(r=0.197,0.556,-0.172;P0.01);③分层回归结果显示,人口学变量中的年龄能预测抑郁症状变化的5.2%,人格特质中的精神质因子能预测抑郁症状变化的6%(F=5.956,P0.001);精神质和神经质能预测应对方式变化的31.5%(F=55.685,P0.001)。结论:抑郁症患者与正常对照在应对方式和人格特质上均有显著差异,抑郁症患者人格特质中的精神质和应对方式与抑郁严重程度相关,抑郁症患者的人格特质与采取的应对方式密切相关,其中高精神质和神经质水平对患者采取消极应对方式有一定影响。     

心理弹性与神经质中介压力知觉与抑郁症状的关系：基于路径分析

目的:探讨压力知觉对抑郁症状的作用,以及心理弹性与神经质如何影响压力知觉与抑郁症状之间的关系。方法:共有578名心理科就诊临床患者完成压力知觉量表、心理弹性量表、大五人格神经质分量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、状态焦虑量表。控制性别与个体焦虑水平,构建压力知觉、心理弹性、神经质、抑郁症状的结构方程模型。结果:路径分析结果显示,压力知觉可以直接影响抑郁,可以通过心理弹性或神经质间接影响抑郁(效应量分别为26.96%,57.10%),也可以通过神经质→心理弹性的链式中介路径间接影响抑郁(效应量为15.94%)。结论:心理弹性与神经质在压力知觉与抑郁症状的关系中起中介作用。     

青少年神经质人格与抑郁的关系:移情的中介作用

目的:探讨移情及移情各因子在青少年神经质人格与抑郁症状关系中的中介作用。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方式,采用抑郁量表(CES-D)、神经质量表(FFIN)与移情量表(Empathy Scale)对合肥市两所学校的初中和高中共321名学生进行调查。结果:1青少年的抑郁症状与神经质人格、想象、个人忧伤均呈显著正相关(r=0.19~0.55,P0.01);2回归分析发现,神经质人格、想象、移情关注对抑郁有显著地预测作用(β=0.545,0.103,0.099;P0.05)。结论:想象和移情关注在神经质人格与抑郁症状之间起中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的5.7%和3.1%。     

大学生人格特质与性别因素和风险决策行为的关系

目的:探讨大五人格特质及性别变量与大学生风险决策行为的关系。方法:招募在校大学生110名,采用大五人格简氏量表(NE0-FFI)与气球模拟风险决策任务(BART)分别测量被试的外倾性、责任性、宜人性、神经质、开放性及风险决策行为水平。结果:女生神经质与外向性特质得分高于男生,责任性与风险决策的得分低于男生(均P0.05)。神经质负向预测风险决策(β=-0.24),宜人性与性别的交互项负向预测风险决策行为(β=-0.34)。方差分析结果显示,性别主效应、宜人性与性别的交互作用均有统计学意义(P0.001或P0.05)。结论:大学生大五人格特质中神经质与风险决策行为密切相关,而宜人性与风险决策的关系受到性别因素的制约。     

强迫症患者的人格特质在早年创伤与强迫症状间的中介作用

目的:探讨强迫症患者中不同类型的早年创伤、人格特质与临床症状三者之间的相互作用关系,以及适应不良的人格特质在早年创伤与强迫症状间的中介作用。方法:选取147例符合精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)诊断标准的强迫症患者,使用耶鲁-布朗强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)测量被试的强迫症状严重度,早年创伤问卷-自评版(ETI-SF)测量其早年创伤经历,NEO大五人格量表(NEO-FFI)测量其人格特质。结果:ETI-SF中情感虐待分量表得分与Y-BOCS总分呈正相关(r=0.19,P0.05),NEO-FFI中神经质人格得分与Y-BOCS总分呈正相关(r=0.31,P0.001),宜人性人格得分与Y-BOCS总分呈负相关(r=-0.18,P0.05)。通径分析显示神经质人格在情感虐待与强迫症状间起完全中介作用,中介作用大小为0.107(95%CI:0.04~0.19,P0.05)。结论:早年情感虐待可能与强迫症状呈正相关,而神经质人格在情感虐待与强迫症状之间发挥了完全中介作用。     

社区2型糖尿病患者抑郁症状与生存质量、家庭支持的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者的抑郁症状与生存质量及家庭支持之间的关系。方法:对北京市4个社区卫生服务中心的775例2型糖尿病患者,采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-8)、糖尿病特异性生存质量量表(DSQL)、自编糖尿病患者家庭支持量表及糖尿病患者自我效能量表进行调查,用二元logistic回归模型分析患者抑郁症状与生存质量及家庭支持关系。结果:抑郁症状筛查阳性率16.8%(130/775)。logistic回归模型显示,女性(OR=1.85)、年龄50岁以下(OR=2.57)、病程5年内(OR=2.97)的社区2型糖尿病患者较易出现抑郁症状。生存质量较好(DSQL评分,OR=0.10)及家庭批评支持供需匹配度较佳者(OR=0.62)不易出现抑郁症状。结论:女性、年纪较轻、病程较短、生存质量较差、家庭批评支持供需匹配度较差可能是社区2型糖尿病患者出现抑郁症状的危险因素。     

Neuroticism and personality disorder in depression

Neuroticism and DSM-III personality disorder were studied in 39 depressed inpatients. Interrelationships between these variables and their relationship to depressive typology were compared. The relationship of neuroticism, DSM-III personality type and adequacy of personality to MAOI treatment are also examined. Neuroticism scores were unaffected by short-term treatment, and no differences in neuroticism were observed between melancholics and nonmelancholics, or between endogenous and nonendogenous depressives. Higher neuroticism scores were associated with DSM-III personality disorder. Personality disorder occurred significantly more often in nonmelancholia; borderline, antisocial and histrionic personality disorders occurred exclusively in nonmelancholia, while passive-aggressive, dependent and avoidant disorders occurred in both kinds of depression. Response to MAO inhibitor treatment was similar in patients with high and low neuroticism, adequate and inadequate personality, DSM-III personality disorder and no DSM-III personality disorder. Ambiguities of Eysenck's neuroticism scale are discussed in relationship to depression.     

Neuroticism as a risk factor for schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Neuroticism has been shown to increase the risk of depression whereas extraversion is associated with a reduction of risk. These personality traits play a central role in aetiological theories of affective disorder but their role in schizophrenia is unclear. In this study, the risk for schizophrenia associated with neuroticism and extraversion was examined and quantified. METHODS: Neuroticism and extraversion rated at the age of 16 years were examined in relation to adult schizophrenia in a national birth cohort of 5362 individuals. RESULTS: Neuroticism increased the risk of later schizophrenia independent of the level of affective symptoms in adult life (odds ratio over three levels: 1.93, 95% CI 1.09-3.43), whereas extraversion reduced the risk (OR: 044, 95% CI 0.23-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Depression and schizophrenia may share personality risk-increasing and risk-reducing factors. Coping styles associated with particular personality traits may determine whether isolated symptoms progress to full-blown illness.     

Is personality associated with dementia risk? A meta-analytic investigation

This study provides a quantitative synthesis of the prospective associations between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. We conducted five separate meta-analyses with 8–12 samples (N = 30,036 to 33,054) that were identified through a systematic literature search following the MOOSE guidelines. Higher neuroticism (HR = 1.24, 95% CI [1.17, 1.31]) and lower conscientiousness (HR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.73, 0.81]) were associated with increased dementia risk, even after accounting for covariates such as depressive symptoms. Lower extraversion (HR = 0.92, 95% CI [0.86, 0.97]), openness (HR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.86, 0.96]), and agreeableness (HR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.83, 0.98]) were also associated with increased risk, but these associations were less robust and not significant in fully adjusted models. No evidence of publication bias was found. The strength of associations was unrelated to publication year (i.e., no evidence of winner’s curse). Meta-regressions indicated consistent effects for neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness across methods to assess dementia, dementia type, follow-up length, sample age, minority, country, and personality measures. The association of extraversion and agreeableness varied by country. Our findings indicate robust associations of neuroticism and conscientiousness with dementia risk.     

女校大学生大五人格和心理健康的关系

目的分析女校大学生大五人格和心理健康的关系。方法采用大五人格量表和症状自评量表对352名女校大学生样本进行测查,考察了女校大学生大五人格和心理健康的关系。结果①除敌对因子外,女校大学生SCL-90的各因子得分显著高于全国常模青年组(t=3.20～16.14,P<0.01);②神经质、宜人性和SCL-90的各因子存在显著相关。结论神经质和宜人性是女校大学生心理健康稳定有力的预测指标,神经质对心理健康有显著的负面影响,宜人性对心理健康有显著的正面影响。     

Two-year stability and change of neuroticism and extraversion in treated and untreated persons with depression: Findings from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)

Background

The personality dimensions neuroticism and extraversion likely represent part of the vulnerability to depression. The stability over longer time periods of these personality dimensions in depressed patients treated with psychological treatment or medication and in untreated persons with depression in the general population remains unclear. Stability of neuroticism and extraversion in treated and untreated depressed persons would suggest that part of the vulnerability to depression remains stable over time. The current study addressed the question whether treatment in depressed patients is related to changes in neuroticism and extraversion.

Methods

Data are from 709 patients with major depressive disorder participating in a cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety; NESDA). We determined the 2-year stability of extraversion and neuroticism in treated and untreated persons and related change in depression severity to change in personality over time.

Results

Neuroticism decreased from baseline to 2-year follow-up (d=0.73) in both treated and untreated persons. Extraversion did not change significantly after controlling for neuroticism and depression severity at baseline and follow-up. Decreased depressive symptoms over time were related to decreased neuroticism (d=1.91) whereas increased depressive symptoms over time were unrelated to neuroticism (d=0.06).

Limitations

Patients were not randomized to treatment conditions and the groups are therefore not directly comparable.

Conclusions

Treated patients with depression in the general population improve just as much on depression severity and neuroticism as untreated persons with depression. This suggests that changes in neuroticism in the context of treatment likely represent mood-state effects rather than direct effects of treatment.     

缓解期重性抑郁与心境恶劣患者人格特征及人格障碍研究

目的：研究重性抑郁症(MDD)和心境恶劣障碍(DD)患者在人格维度、人格特质水平及人格模型及人格障碍倾向性方面的特征。方法：采用NEO-PI-R个性调查表及人格诊断问卷(PDQ^ 4)对58例MDD和57例DD患者及115例正常人进行测试。结果：MDD和DD在NEO-PI-R的五因素人格模型的外向性、严谨性得分均低于正常组，DD患者的神经质分高于MDD患者，MDD患者的顺同性分高于正常组；在30个特质层面上，MDD和DD与正常组之间有显著性差异，DD患者的N1(焦虑)、N4(自我意识)分明显高于MDD患者，E4(热情性)、A1(信任感)分明显低于MDD患者；MDD和DD在PDQ^ 4的边缘型(BDL)、回避型(AVD)、抑郁型(DEP)、分裂性(SZD)、偏执型(PND)、强迫型(OBC)人格障碍得分明显高于正常组，DD患者在分裂型得分明显高于MDD患者，在表演型(HST)分明显高于正常组。结论：MDD和DD的人格特征既有共同的之处，也存在差异。两者均伴有人格障碍，但DD患者比MDD患者人格障碍更明显。     

Psychological Correlates to Dysfunctional Eating Patterns among Morbidly Obese Patients Accepted for Bariatric Surgery

ObjectiveTo examine the relationships between dysfunctional eating patterns, personality, anxiety and depression in morbidly obese patients accepted for bariatric surgery.ObjectiveThe study used cross-sectional data collected by running a randomized controlled trial (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/{"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01403558","term_id":"NCT01403558"}}NCT01403558).SubjectsA total of 102 patients (69 women, 33 men) with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (9.8) years and a mean BMI of 43.5 (4.4) kg/m² participated.MeasurementsMeasurements included the NEO-PI-R (personality: neuroticism, extroversion, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness), the TFEQ-R-21 (dysfunctional eating: emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE) and cognitive restraint of eating (CR)) and the HADS (anxiety and depression).ResultsThe personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness were more strongly correlated with dysfunctional eating than anxiety and depression. These differences were most pronounced for emotional and cognitive restraint of eating. Emotional eating occurred more often in female than in male patients, a finding that was partially mediated by neuroticism but not by anxiety and depression.ConclusionPersonality traits may be important to address in the clinical management of morbidly obese patients seeking bariatric surgery as neuroticism is particularly salient in female patients displaying an emotional eating behaviour.Key Words: Obesity, Dysfunctional eating behaviours, Personality traits, Affective symptoms, Bariatric surgery     

Does fluoxetine influence major depression by modifying five-factor personality traits?

BACKGROUND: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in the treatment of depression, though response to them is difficult to predict. The aims of this study were two-fold: (1) to determine the differences in personality profile between patients with major depression and healthy control subjects and (2) to assess the effect of treatment with fluoxetine on personality domain scores and determine whether any of the personality traits can predict the outcome of antidepressant treatment. METHODS: The study included 53 patients with major depression and 53 healthy controls. The NEO-Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was administered to all subjects before and after 24 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine. RESULTS: The patients in an episode of major depression had a significantly different personality profile compared to healthy controls at baseline and the severity of their illness correlated with higher scores in the Neuroticism domain. Treatment with fluoxetine was associated with a reversal of high Neuroticism scores and low Extraversion scores in the whole sample and in a subgroup of responders but not in non-responders. Among the FFI personality domains, Agreeableness was a better predictor of treatment outcome than baseline HAMD-17 scores. LIMITATIONS: There was no placebo group, which would have permitted the evaluation of the effect of non-drug factors in treatment outcome and changes in personality domain scores. The sample size was only moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that (a) significant differences exist between the personality profiles of depressed patients and healthy control subjects and (b) responders to treatment with fluoxetine show significant changes in personality profile. These changes may be attributed to improvement of depressive symptoms.     

Depressive symptoms in elderly patients after a somatic illness event: prevalence, persistence, and risk factors

Elderly patients with somatic illness are at increased risk of depression. The authors studied the prevalence and persistence of depressive symptoms during the first year after the events of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, fall-related injury, and the diagnosis of cancer and their putative pre-event risk factors. The GLAS study contains data from 614 patients who experienced post-baseline myocardial infarction, cancer, heart failure, or fall-related injury of the extremities within 5 years after the baseline assessment. Follow-up was conducted 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after the somatic event. The authors studied the relative importance of 21 baseline risk factors for experiencing significant depressive symptoms during follow-up and the persistence of depression. Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 38.3% of the subjects during the post-event year; in about 19.1%, symptoms were mild. For a majority of patients (67.5%), symptoms persisted until the next assessment. Significant pre-event risk factors were depressive symptoms at baseline, age, smoking, poor general health, poor well-being, and neuroticism. Within the depressed group, only neuroticism was related to the persistence of symptoms. Neuroticism increases the risk of experiencing post-event depressive symptoms and is related to their persistence, which suggests the existence of a depression-prone personality.     

Can personality traits predict increases in manic and depressive symptoms?

BACKGROUND: There has been limited research investigating personality traits as predictors of manic and depressive symptoms in bipolar individuals. The present study investigated the relation between personality traits and the course of bipolar disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify specific personality traits that predict the course of manic and depressive symptoms experienced by bipolar individuals. METHODS: The sample consisted of 39 participants with bipolar I disorder assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Personality was assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The Modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale were used to assess symptom severity on a monthly basis. RESULTS: Consistent with previous research on unipolar depression, high Neuroticism predicted increases in depressive symptoms across time while controlling for baseline symptoms. Additionally, high Conscientiousness, particularly the Achievement Striving facet, predicted increases in manic symptoms across time. LIMITATIONS: The current study was limited by the small number of participants, the reliance on a shortened version of a self-report personality measure, and the potential state-dependency of the personality measures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific personality traits may assist in predicting bipolar symptoms across time. Further studies are needed to tease apart the state-dependency of personality.