初产妇分娩前及产后抑郁的心理特征和护理

心理因素与人的健康息息相关。分娩和哺乳是人类正常的生理现象。处于分娩时的初产妇心理特别复杂，由于社会角色的完全改变。对她们的认知和行为有很大的影响，不良的情况可导致神经系统功能紊乱。使分娩不能按正常的机理进行。从而导致难产、手术产、以及产后的产母抑郁症，直接影响了母乳喂养等。为了减少或避免这些情况发生，我们应该重视产妇的心理活动。给予相应的心理护理，使她们在最佳的心理状态下顺利分娩。     

重视产后抑郁症

妊娠对孕产妇来说,是一次巨大的生理变化和心理应激过程。她们在经历怀孕、分娩、产后恢复及哺乳婴儿等一系列生理过程中会产生各种心理、生理的改变,一旦某些改变的程度和性质超越了正常变异的界限,则成为病理性改变。流行病学研究显示,     

产后抑郁产生的原因及护理

分娩和哺乳是人类正常的生理现象,对于初产妇是一个应激因素,由于社会角色的完全改变;对她们的认知和行为有很大的影响,容易超越正常界限造成病理性改变,其中以发生在产后的产妇抑郁最常见,从而直接影响母乳喂养。本文从产后抑郁产生的原因及护理进行了阐述。     

高龄初产分娩前后的心理特征及其护理

心理因素与人的健康息息相关，在当前临床护理工作中心理护理的开展已经比较普遍。分娩和哺乳是人类正常的生理现象，但对高龄初产妇是一个应激因素。这就要求医护人员加倍关心孕产妇并让其家人也参与关心，耐心指导并帮助孕产妇建立自信心，使他们在最佳的心理状态下顺利分娩和哺乳。     

产后抑郁产生的原因及护理

分娩和哺乳是人类正常的生理现象,对于初产妇是一个应激因素,由于社会角色的完全改变;对她们的认知和行为有很大的影响,容易超越正常界限造成病理性改变,其中以发生在产后的产妇抑郁最常见,从而直接影响母乳喂养。本文从产后抑郁产生的原因及护理进行了阐述。     

产后抑郁的观察及护理干预

妊娠分娩虽然是育龄妇女的一种正常、自然的生理现象,但对孕产妇来说,从妊娠到分娩是经历一次非常强烈的身体和情感体验,她们在经历怀孕、分娩、产后恢复及哺乳抚育婴儿等一系列生理过程中,会产生各种生理、心理的改变,一旦某些改变的程度和性质超越了正常变异的界限,则成为病理性的改变.有报道国外产后抑郁的发病率为10.00%～15.00%[1],国内产后抑郁高达10.20%～37.14%.随着医学科学的发展和现代医学模式的改变,心身医学日益受到临床各科的重视,妇产科也不例外,尤其是孕产妇的心理保健,越来越受到了人们的普遍关注.     

初产妇的心态分析及护理

初产妇的心理状态是十分复杂的，她们有即将做母亲的喜悦和自豪，也对分娩过程的紧张、恐惧和忧虑。初产妇不正常的心理状态对分娩极为不利，常可引起宫缩乏力，产程延长，产后大出血等，可直接影响母婴健康。因此，做好初产妇的心理护理是极为重要的一个环节。     

高龄初产分娩前后的心理特征及其护理

心理因素与人的健康息息相关,在当前临床护理工作中心理护理的开展已经比较普遍。分娩和哺乳是人类正常的生理现象,但对高龄初产妇是一个应激因素。这就要求医护人员加倍关心孕产妇并让其家人也参与关心,耐心指导并帮助孕产妇建立自信心,使他们在最佳的心理状态下顺利分娩和哺乳。1分娩前分娩前高龄孕妇的心理特征一般具有以下共性:1.1对分娩过程感到恐惧、焦虑、紧张、兴奋;1.2希望得到医护人员和家人的关心和帮助,盼望尽快顺利结束分娩。针对这种情况,护理人员应遵循的心理护理措施如下:1.2.1在产科门诊接诊时针对孕妇高龄初产妇的特点,转…     

临产产妇的心理状态和心理护理

在分娩过程中，产妇的心情十分复杂，有即将成为母亲的喜悦，也有对分娩的恐惧感。了解她们的心理状态，加强心理护理是医务人员的重要职责之一，也是提高产时护理质量的重要环节。     

初产妇分娩前后的心理特征及其护理

心理因素与人的健康息息相关，处于分娩时的初产妇心情特别复杂，不良的情绪可导致神经系统功能紊乱。使分娩不能按正常的机理进行，从而导致难产，手术产等。为了减少或避免这些情况发生，我们应该重视产妇的心理活动，给予相应的心理护理，使她们在最佳的心理状态下顺利分娩。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.