项韧带钙化与颈椎病黄韧带退变的相关性研究

[目的]探讨不同节段项韧带钙化与脊髓型颈椎病黄韧带退变的相关性。[方法]取脊髓型颈椎病患者黄韧带192块（项韧带钙化28个节段，相应黄韧带标本56块）和青壮年颈椎创伤（非颈椎病）的黄韧带标本38块。对切除的黄韧带标本进行测量及组织学检查；用Woessner法测定其胶原含量；用盐析法对黄韧带中的Ⅰ型／Ⅱ型胶原含量比进行测定；对黄韧带厚度与羟脯氨酸、胶原干粉含量及Ⅰ型／Ⅱ型胶原含量比进行相关性研究。[结论]颈椎病组中项韧带钙化相应节段的黄韧带弹力纤维含量下降，胶原纤维含量增加，弹力纤维发生排列紊乱。实验组中C4，5、C5，6项韧带钙化相应的节段黄韧带厚度、羟脯氨酸含量、Ⅰ型／Ⅱ型胶原含量比较阴性对照组有显著差异（P〈0．05）；而C3，4、C6，7项韧带钙化相应节段的黄韧带上述指标则无显著差异（P〉0．05）。[结论]C4，5、C5，6节段的项韧带钙化与颈椎病黄韧带的退变有相关性；上述节段的项韧带钙化提示存在应力异常分布，可能会加剧黄韧带退变，进而影响脊髓型颈椎病的发病进程。     

脊髓型颈椎病椎管形态学改变与黄韧带胶原含量变化的相关性研究

目的:探讨脊髓型颈椎病椎管形态学改变和黄韧带中Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原含量比的相关性。方法:收集颈椎病患者(A组)黄韧带标本84块;颈椎外伤患者(B组)黄韧带标本30块;颈椎病患者中椎间不稳节段(C组)的黄韧带标本为22块;椎间稳定节段(D组)的黄韧带标本为62块。利用CT测量A组和B组的椎管及硬膜囊横截面积,CTM测量A组俯卧过伸位脊髓横截面积;盐析法测定各标本中Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原含量比;将其与椎管、硬膜囊及脊髓的横截面积进行相关性分析。结果:A组黄韧带中Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原含量比、硬膜囊横截面积与B组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05);C组中Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原含量比值较D组显著增加,而脊髓横截面积及脊髓/椎管横截面积之比则显著下降(P<0.05)。A组黄韧带中Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原含量比与仰卧过伸位的脊髓横截面积/椎管横截面积之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:脊髓型颈椎病患者硬膜囊和脊髓横截面积的下降可能与Ⅱ型胶原过度增加、黄韧带代偿性肥厚有关,同时椎间节段不稳可加速黄韧带的这种退变。     

颈椎后纵韧带总胶原、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原含量变化的研究

目的通过测量脊髓型颈椎病患者和正常对照组颈椎后纵韧带总胶原、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原含量，探讨颈椎后纵韧带在颈椎病发病机制中的意义。方法收集脊髓型颈椎病下位颈椎后纵韧带15例做实验组，同年龄段正常下位颈椎后纵韧带10例做对照组，Weossner法测定2组总胶原含量；酶联免疫吸附法测定Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原含量：HE染色和Masson染色，对比观察后纵韧带的显微结构变化。结果实验组总胶原、Ⅰ型胶原含量低于对照组；实验组Ⅱ型胶原含量较对照组高；实验组Ⅰ型／Ⅱ型胶原比值明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；病理显示实验组弹力纤维、胶原纤维肿胀，排列紊乱。结论颈椎后纵韧带总胶原、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原代谢发生紊乱，与颈椎病发生发展有密切关系。     

颈椎后纵韧带胶原、蛋白多糖、钙含量变化的研究

[目的]通过定量测定颈椎后纵韧带总胶原、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖和钙含量改变,探讨颈椎后纵韧带在颈椎病发病机理中的意义。[方法]收集脊髓型颈椎病下位颈椎后纵韧带15例作试验组,同年龄段正常下位颈椎后纵韧带10例作对照,Weossner法测定两组总胶原含量;酶联免疫吸附法测定Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原含量;间苯三酚分光光度法测定蛋白多糖含量;甲基百里香酚蓝比色法测定钙含量;进行HE染色和Masson染色,对比观察后纵韧带的显微结构变化特点。[结果]试验组总胶原、Ⅰ型胶原和蛋白多糖含量低于对照组;试验组Ⅱ型胶原含量较对照组高;试验组Ⅰ型/Ⅱ型胶原比值低于对照组;试验组钙含量较对照组高,组间对比均有统计学意义(P<0.05);病理结构显示试验组弹力纤维、胶原纤维肿胀,排列紊乱。[结论]颈椎病患者颈椎后纵韧带退变,总胶原、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖和钙代谢发生紊乱,颈椎后纵韧带分子水平的生物化学变化与颈椎病发生发展有密切关系。     

前后路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的适应证探讨

目的：探讨前后路联合手术在脊髓型颈椎病中的适应证。方法：对87例脊髓型颈椎病合并多节段颈椎管狭窄、后纵韧带钙化（0PLL）,合并颈椎黄韧带肥厚或黄韧带钙化症,多节段颈椎间盘后突压迫或椎体后缘巨大骨赘者,颈椎退变性节段不稳伴颈椎、脊柱后凸畸形患者行前后路联合减压、植骨融合、内固定手术。结果：87例患者随访10～24个月（平均12,6个月）,植骨均已融合,内固定物无松动、断裂。根据日本矫形外科学会（JOA）评分标准,除5例高位完全截瘫患者未恢复外,其余82例患者平均JOA评分由术前8．9分（5～11分）增加到13,2分（8～17分）,评分提高3～6分。术后短期并发症均逐渐恢复;4例食管瘘患者经手术修补也顺利愈合。结论：前后联合手术减压充分,能较好重建颈椎稳定性。适用于脊髓型颈椎病合并多节段颈椎管狭窄、后纵韧带钙化（0PLL）,合并颈椎黄韧带肥厚或黄韧带钙化症,多节段颈椎间盘后突压迫或椎体后缘巨大骨赘者,颈椎退变性节段不稳伴颈椎后凸畸形患者等。     

后路椎板间减压黄韧带切除治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨椎板间隙减压黄韧带切除治疗脊髓型颈椎病的效果。方法：对16例以黄韧带退变增生为主的脊髓型颈椎病患者采用后路椎板间开窗黄韧带切除减压术，对其临床效果进行分析。结果：全组病例随访时间6个月～3年，优7例，良6例，优良率为81．4％，未出现脊髓损伤、颈椎不稳及术后鹅颈畸形等并发症。结论：后路椎板间减压黄韧带切除术是治疗以黄韧带退变增生为主要病变的脊髓型颈椎病的一种有效方法，其创伤小、操作简单，术后颈椎稳定性好，并发症少。     

颈椎椎体终板区Modic退变的MRI评价

目的总结颈椎椎体终板Modic退变的发病情况,探讨其临床意义。方法回顾分析136例颈椎病患者的颈椎MRI矢状位图像资料,记录椎体终板Modic退变的发生率、发生节段及退变类型,统计Modic改变在颈椎各节段的分布。结果136例颈椎病患者中有23例存在Modic退变,发生率为16．9％。患者平均年龄为50．6岁。男性患者中发生率为17．7％,女性为15％。最常出现Modic退变的节段为C5,6。ModicⅠ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的发生率分别为4．4％、7．4％、5．1％。结论颈椎病患者存在椎体终板区Modic退变现象,退变以Ⅱ型最多,以C5,6节段最为常见。     

颈椎间盘纤维环及髓核生化成分的分析

目的：探讨在颈椎间盘纤维及髓核退变中生化成分的变化。方法：通过正常人、单纯颈椎间盘突出症、脊髓型颈椎病３组椎间盘纤维环及髓核生成分测量,主要测定水分、胶原蛋白及蛋白多糖的含量。结果：单纯颈椎间盘突出症与正常人椎间盘内生化成分无明显变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而在脊髓型颈椎病人的退变间盘中的生化成较正常人有明显变化（Ｐ〈０．０５）,主要表现为前者退变间盘中水分及蛋白多糖含量明显减少,而胶原蛋白明显增加,但Ⅰ／Ⅱ型胶原比无明显变化（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：单纯经椎间盘突出为退变的较早期阶段为可逆期,脊髓型颈椎病为退变晚期阶段,为不可逆期;颈腰间盘退变不完全相同。     

项韧带骨化相关因素及其组织学变化

目的：探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者项韧带骨化的相关因素及其组织学改变特点.方法：将45例脊髓型颈椎病患者根据项韧带有无骨化分为两组,观察并统计两组患者的年龄、性别组成、颈椎椎间退变和颈椎稳定性情况,对各指标与项韧带骨化的关系进行相关性分析,同时观察项韧带骨化的组织学改变.结果：统计分析表明,项韧带骨化和颈椎椎间退行性改变及颈椎不稳定之间具有相关性（P＜0.05）;同时还与患者年龄、性别组成有相关性（P＜0.05）.项韧带骨化的组织学改变以软骨内化骨为主.结论：项韧带骨化与颈椎退行性改变及颈椎椎间关节不稳定具有相关性,组织学改变以软骨内化骨为主.     

颈椎病性眩晕的临床治疗

[目的]探讨颈椎病性眩晕的临床特点及相关治疗策略。[方法]收集2012年1月~2015年3月因颈椎病性眩晕至本院诊治的32例患者一般资料,用X线片评估颈椎失稳情况,用MRI评估颈椎退变程度,均行颈椎前路减压融合内固定术加后纵韧带切除术,用JOA评分法评估神经功能改善情况,用交感神经症状评分法评估眩晕改善情况,分析颈椎失稳及颈椎退变程度与眩晕程度相关性及颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗颈椎病性眩晕的临床疗效。[结果]32例患者中26例为女性,平均年龄(48.02±2.35)岁,平均随访时间为(18.70±0.63)个月;术前有17例患者颈椎不稳,其中11例存在C4、5节段不稳,显著多于其余节段(P0.05)。颈椎退变影像学评分C4、5显著高于其余节段(P0.05)。术后1个月JOA评分显著高于术前(P0.05);而末次随访JOA评分又显著高于术后1个月评分(P0.05)。术后1个月眩晕评分显著低于术前(P0.05);而末次随访眩晕评分又显著低于术后1个月评分(P0.05)。[结论]颈椎病性眩晕多发于围绝经期女性,C4、5节段的椎间盘退变及颈椎不稳是发病的危险因素。颈椎前路减压融合内固定术加后纵韧带切除术是治疗颈椎病性眩晕的有效手段。     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩

目的 观察颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩的临床效果.方法 笔者单位1988-2011年收治颈前区烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患者66例.采用颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣修复患者颈部瘢痕,包括岛状皮瓣55例(其中9例行预扩张)、非岛状皮瓣11例(其中1例行预扩张).术中先切除、松解患者颈部瘢痕,在锁骨上、下及前胸区设计颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣,其轴心血管为颈横动脉在胸锁乳突肌、肩胛舌骨肌交界处穿出的皮动脉.皮瓣后界达斜方肌前缘,外侧界达三角肌中段,内侧界达胸骨中线,下界达乳头下3.0 ～4.0 cm处.术中先切开皮瓣外、下、内缘,锐性分离达锁骨平面后改为钝性剥离,分离到蒂部后,分离深度以皮瓣旋转后可无张力覆盖创面为度.其中预扩张的皮瓣供区直接拉拢缝合,非预扩张皮瓣供区植皮封闭.结果 本组患者中64例术后皮瓣成活良好;2例术后皮瓣下血肿致尖端部分坏死,经补充植皮后治愈;供区均愈合.所有皮瓣色泽、质地与周围组织匹配良好;皮瓣感觉功能术后初期恢复为胸部感觉,6个月后完全恢复为颈部感觉.结论 颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣血供恒定,解剖操作相对简便,皮瓣色泽、质地与颈部相近,是修复颈部严重瘢痕挛缩的良好选择.     

经皮髓核成形术与椎间盘切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症

目的比较经皮髓核成形术与经皮椎间盘切除术治疗退变性颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及对颈椎稳定性的影响。方法2002年7月至2004年12月共收治退变性颈椎间盘突出症患者80例,行经皮髓核成形术42例(PCN组),经皮椎间盘切除术38例(PCD组)。回顾性分析两组的临床资料,比较两组在手术时间、临床效果及颈椎稳定性等的差异。结果所有病例随访6~26个月,PCN组平均(12±5)个月;PCD组平均(12±4)个月。两组手术均获成功。两组手术时间有显著差异(t=-21·70,P=0·000);两组手术临床效果(JOA评分)经自身配对t检验显示均有显著性差异(PCN:t=14·05,P=0·000;PCD:t=-14·79,P=0·000),即两组均有效;两组手术临床效果(Williams评分)经Kruskal-Wallis检验无显著差异(z=-0·377,P=0·706,>0·05),即两组临床效果相似。两组手术后均无颈椎不稳病例发生,颈椎稳定性手术前后均无显著差异(P>0·05)。结论经皮髓核成形术与经皮椎间盘切除术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效优良,对颈椎稳定性影响小,不会造成颈椎失稳的发生。     

颈椎不稳致交感型颈椎病的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨交感型颈型病的发病机制及有效的治疗方法。方法 回顾了1989-1998年应用颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者18例,分析了患者产及术后颈椎伸、屈侧位X光片。结果 18例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,不稳定节段为1个者6例,2个者9例,3个者3例;颈椎不稳主要发生于C3-C4和C4-C5,偶见于C5-C6和C6-C7。14例患者术前行颈椎高位硬膜外封闭,11例有效;于不稳定节段行颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术,18例均获随访,平均随访时间为1年9个月,术后有效率为88.9%,结论 颈椎不稳定是交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素。颈椎高位硬膜外封闭具有重要的诊断价值。颈前路间盘切除加植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器在颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的评价应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器前路减压治疗颈椎病的疗效。方法应用颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器治疗颈椎病患者18例,观察椎间融合器的稳定性和融合情况,采用Borden法测量椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度,对术前和术后JOA评分、椎间隙高度、颈椎曲度等指标进行统计学分析。结果 18例患者均获随访,时间6～42个月,未见严重并发症。术后6个月提示椎间骨性融合。椎间高度:术前为(3.26±0.68)mm,术后1周为(6.03±0.89)mm(P<0.01);术后6个月为(5.89±0.78)mm,与术后1周比较变化不大(P>0.05)。颈椎生理弧度:术前为(2.55±0.48)mm,术后1周为(3.24±0.67)mm(P>0.05);术后6个月为(8.14±1.17)mm,与术后1周比较明显改善(P<0.01)。末次随访根据JOA评分法进行疗效评价:优4例,良9例,可3例,差2例。结论颈椎自锁PEEK椎间融合器可以有效恢复颈椎生理曲度及椎间隙高度,可以获得满意的融合率,改善颈脊髓功能。     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Comparison of cervical kinematics between patients with cervical artificial disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical disc herniation

Background contextAlthough anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an effective treatment option for patients with cervical disc herniation, it limits cervical range of motion, which sometimes causes discomfort and leads to biomechanical stress at neighboring segments. In contrast, cervical artificial disc replacement (ADR) is supposed to preserve normal cervical range of motion than ACDF. A biomechanical measurement is necessary to identify the advantages and clinical implications of ADR. However, literature is scarce about this topic and in those available studies, authors used the static radiological method, which cannot identify three-dimensional motion and coupled movement during motion of one axis.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the clinical parameters and cervical motion by three-dimensional motion analysis between ACDF and ADR and to investigate the ability of ADR to maintain cervical kinematics.Study designThis was a prospective case control study.Patient samplePatients who underwent ADR or ACDF for the treatment of single-level cervical disc herniation.Outcome measuresVisual analog scale (VAS), Korean version of Neck Disability Index (NDI, %), and three-dimensional motion analysis were used.MethodsThe patients were evaluated by VAS and the Korean version of the NDI (%) to assess pain degree and functional status. Cervical motions were assessed by three-dimensional motion analysis in terms of sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes. Markers of 2.5 cm in diameter were attached at frontal polar (Fpz), center (Cz), and occipital (Oz) of 10–20 system of electroencephalography, C7 spinous process, and both acromions. These evaluations were performed preoperatively and 1 month and 6 months after surgery.ResultsThe ACDF and ADR groups revealed no significant difference in VAS, NDI (%), and cervical range of motion preoperatively. After surgery, both groups showed no significant difference in VAS and NDI (%). In motion analysis, significantly more range of motion was retained in flexion and extension in the ADR group than the ACDF group at 1 month and 6 months. There was no significant difference in lateral tilt and rotation angle. In terms of coupled motion, ADR group exhibited significantly more preserved sagittal plane motion during right and left rotation and also showed significantly more preserved right lateral bending angle during right rotation than ACDF group at 1 month and 6 months. There was no significant difference in other coupled motions.ConclusionThree-dimensional motion analysis could provide useful information in an objective and quantitative way about cervical motion after surgery. In addition, it allowed us to measure not only main motion but also coupled motion in three planes. ADR demonstrated better retained cervical motion mainly in sagittal plane (flexion and extension) and better preserved coupled sagittal and coronal motion during transverse plane motion than ACDF. ADR had the advantage in that it had the ability to preserve more cervical motions after surgery than ACDF.