Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in male: A meta‐analysis of clinical trials

Different types of glycosides extract of fenugreek have shown androgenic and anabolic effect in male. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fenugreek extract on total testosterone levels in male. Medline via PubMed, Scopus databases, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to November 2018 for randomized clinical trials comparing intake of fenugreek extract with control group. Data on change in serum total testosterone were pooled using random‐effects models. A total of four trials were included. Fenugreek extract has a significant effect on total serum testosterone. Results from clinical trials suggest that fenugreek extract supplement has an effect on serum total testosterone levels in male.     

柴胡皂苷经不同给药途径血药和脑药动力学的比较研究

通过比较柴胡皂苷经不同途径给药后血药及脑药动力学,评价柴胡皂苷治疗癫痫的最佳给药途径。柴胡皂苷经不同途径给予小鼠后于不同时间点取血和全脑,以乙腈-甲醇(9∶1)沉淀血浆蛋白质,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定SSa在小鼠血浆和脑组织中的浓度,用Kinetica程序软件计算药代动力学参数和生物利用度,并计算脑靶向系数(Re)和药物脑靶向指数(DTI)。鼻腔给药后脑药Re为142.17%,DTI为3.06,要显著高于注射组。灌胃组DTI为1.25。柴胡皂苷鼻腔给药后脑靶向性要高于注射组和灌胃给药组,显示出鼻腔给药"引药入脑"的优势。     

蒽贝素体外抑制人胰腺癌细胞MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用及其机制研究

目的探讨x连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（XIAP）抑制剂蒽贝素抑制人胰腺癌细胞MiaPaCa-2凋亡的作用及其可能机制。方法MTT法和流式细胞术检测不同剂量蒽贝素对MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖和凋亡的影响;RT-PCR法对蒽贝素处理前后MiaPaCa-2细胞中XIAP基因的表达进行检测。Westernblotting方法检测蒽贝素作用后细胞XIAP、Caspase3、促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bel-2表达的变化。结果蒽贝素对人胰腺癌细胞增殖具有显著抑制作用（P〈0．05）,经不同剂量蒽贝素处理后MiaPaCa-2细胞凋亡率明显增高,与未处理组比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．01）;RT-PCR显示对照组细胞中XIAP的-△△CT值是实验组的11．31倍;经蒽贝素作用24h后,MiaPaCa-2细胞出现Caspase3裂解片段,且Bax／Bcl-2比值增大。结论蒽贝素在体外可显著抑制MiaPaCa-2细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其机制可能是通过拮抗XIAP的作用,激活Caspase相关性的细胞凋亡内源性途径而诱导人胰腺癌细胞发生凋亡。     

不同剂量川芎嗪辅助治疗缺血性脑血管病疗效及对相关血清因子水平的影响

目的探讨不同剂量川芎嗪辅助治疗短暂性脑缺血发作患者的疗效及对血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、脂蛋白联脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、神经烯醇化酶(NSE)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法将146例短暂性脑缺血发作患者随机分为2组,A组给予常规治疗方案加川芎嗪注射液120 mg静脉滴注,B组给予常规治疗方案加川芎嗪注射液240 mg静脉滴注,均1次/d,连续治疗2周。检测2组治疗前后血清CRP、Hcy、Lp-PLA2、NSE、TNF-α、IL-6水平,统计2组治疗前4周、治疗2周和治疗后4周短暂性脑缺血发作次数及1年内脑卒中发生率与不良反应发生率。结果 B组治疗后CRP、Hcy、Lp-PLA2、NSE、TNF-α、IL-6水平及大脑中动脉微栓子数目与同期A组比较均显著降低(P均<0.05);B组治疗2周内、治疗后4周短暂性脑缺血发作次数与同期A组比较均显著减少(P均<0.05);B组1年内脑卒中发生率显著低于A组(P<0.05);2组均未见明显药物相关性不良反应。结论大剂量川芎嗪辅助治疗短暂性脑缺血具有更好的临床效果,值得临床推广应用。     

沐舒坦不同给药途径佐治小儿急性感染性喉炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨沐舒坦不同给药方式对小儿急性感染性喉炎治疗作用的差异性。方法：将140例婴幼儿急性感染性喉炎随机分成4组,每组35例。对照组（A组）给予抗感染、降温、镇静及氧气驱动雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液等治疗;沐舒坦雾化吸入组（B组）另给沐舒坦针剂雾化治疗,〈2岁者7．5mg／次,〉2岁者15mg／次,加生理盐水2ml,空气压缩泵雾化,每日2次,疗程5～7天;沐舒坦静脉滴注组（c组）另给沐舒坦针剂静滴治疗（用量同雾化,加入10％葡萄糖注射液20ml）,每日2次,疗程5～7天;另给沐舒坦雾化联合静脉滴注组（D组）联合使用沐舒坦针剂静脉滴注及空气压缩泵雾化吸入每日2次,疗程5～7天,观察内容包括患儿呼吸困难、发热、声嘶、咳嗽、喉鸣音等症状及体征改善时间。结果：4种治疗方案中,联合组疗效最好,静滴组及雾化组疗效均优于对照组,患儿呼吸困难、发热、声嘶、咳嗽、喉呜音等症状及体征消失时间均明显缩短（P〈0．05）。结论：联合静脉滴注和雾化吸入沐舒坦治疗小儿感染性喉炎效果好。     

连翘酯苷不同给药途径对副流感病毒致家兔发热模型的影响

目的:考察连翘酯苷不同给药途径对副流感病毒致热家发热模型解热作用的影响。方法:将连翘酯苷分别以静脉注射和口服灌胃的途径对副流感病毒感染家兔发热的模型进行治疗性给药,静脉注射途径观察给药后0.5h、1h、2h的解热作用,口服灌胃途径观察给药后1h、2h、3h的解热作用,并检测各组动物下丘脑中发热介质蛋白激酶C(PKC)和环磷酸腺苷(c AMP)的含量。结果:静脉注射连翘酯苷(60mg/kg、120mg/kg)0.5h后家兔体温差值为(0.72±0.26)、(0.83±0.24)℃,1h后体温差值为(0.82±0.23)、(0.92±0.34)℃,灌胃给予连翘酯苷(60mg/kg、120mg/kg)后1h家兔的体温差值为(0.43±0.42)、(0.45±0.42)℃,与模型比较均具有显著差异,起效剂量为60mg/kg。静脉注射连翘酯苷(30mg/kg、60mg/kg、120mg/kg)均能降低家兔下丘脑中环磷酸腺苷含量,分别为(13.92±9.11)、(16.47±7.98)、(19.75±5.04)nmol/L,灌胃给予相应剂量的连翘酯苷则对发热介质无影响。结论:连翘酯苷静脉注射和口服灌胃均能明显降低副流感病毒感染后家兔的体温,且静脉注射的解热作用要优于口服灌胃,其解热作用机制可能与下调家兔下丘脑组织中的c AMP含量有关。     

十一酸睾酮醇质体制备及其体外经皮渗透研究

醇质体作为透皮给药的新载体,能明显促进药物的经皮渗透,该文以十一酸睾酮为主药,制备十一酸睾酮醇质体并对其形态、粒径、包封率、膜的流动性进行测定,同时以小鼠皮肤进行体外透皮实验,考察醇质体作为十一酸睾酮经皮给药载体的渗透特性,并比较了十一酸睾酮醇质体、脂质体及其醇溶液中的透皮行为.     

艾灸神阙穴对一次性力竭大鼠能量物质代谢及睾酮、皮质醇的影响

目的 观察艾灸神阙穴对一次性力竭大鼠能量物质代谢及血清睾酮、皮质醇水平的影响.方法 将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、对照组、力竭组、非经非穴组和神阙组,每组10只.除空白组、对照组外,其余组采用游泳实验建立一次性力竭模型.力竭游泳结束后,力竭组不予治疗干预,神阙组即刻给予温和灸神阙穴15 min,非经非穴组即刻给予...     

雌二醇对丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠前列腺增生的作用

目的探讨雌二醇对丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠前列腺增生的作用。方法建立丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠前列腺增生模型,连续皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇(2.5 mg/kg)4周后处死动物,分离前列腺,测量前列腺体积和湿质量,计算前列腺指数。结果与丙酸睾酮组相比,雌二醇组大鼠前列腺体积、前列腺湿质量和前列腺指数无明显改变(P均>0.05)。结论雌二醇不能抑制丙酸睾酮诱导去势大鼠前列腺增生。     

Effect of traditional herbal medicine, shakuyaku-kanzo-to on total and free serum testosterone levels

The effect of the traditional herbal medicine, Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To (SK), which contains Shakuyaku (S) and Kanzo (K) in equal amounts, on serum testosterone levels was investigated in androgen-sterilized rats. They were given orally SK [0, 22.5, 45, 90 and 180 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] and S or K (0, 11.25, 22.5, 40 and 90 mg/kg b.w.) in 2 ml of water daily for 2 weeks. Dose-dependent decreases in free serum testosterone (T) levels were found in the administration of SK. Total serum T levels in the administration of SK and S decreased in a dose-dependent manner. K decreased total serum T levels slightly in 11.5 and 22.5 mg/kg doses but showed the dose-dependent increase in much higher doses, the extent of which was much less than that of the decrease in S. Serum estradiol/T (E2/T) ratios were significantly elevated in 45 to 180 mg/kg doses of SK, 90 mg/kg dose of S and 11.25 to 90 mg/kg doses of K. Serum LH and FSH levels were not changed by SK, S and K. Oophorectomized rats were similarly given SK (0, 90 and 180 mg/kg b.w.) and S or K (the half doses of SK). There were no changes in serum T, LH and FSH levels in all given doses. Thus, one of the mechanisms for SK to lower serum T levels is the direct action on the ovary to stimulate the aromatase activity, resulting in decreasing the T secretion and this is the additive effects of S and K.     

Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma‐jobi L. var. ma‐yuen Stapf.) hull extracts on testosterone release from rat Leydig cells

Adlay has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many diseases. However, few studies have reported the effects of adlay seeds on the endocrine system. In the present study, the effects of methanol extracts of adlay hull (AHM) on testosterone synthesis were studied. Rat Leydig cells were incubated with different reagents including human chorionic gonadotropin, 8‐bromo‐adenosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate, forskolin, A23187, progesterone and androstenedione in the presence or absence of AHM. The rat anterior pituitary (AP) gland was treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro in the presence or absence of AHM, and the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the media were measured. AHM decreased testosterone release via the inhibition of (1) the PKA and PKC signal transduction pathways, (2) 17β‐HSD enzyme activity in rat Leydig cells, and (3) in vitro GnRH‐induced LH secretion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of feeding Acacia abyssinica and of its extracts given by different routes on rats

The effect of a diet consisting of 2% and 10% of Acacia abyssinica bark on Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks was examined. A 2% A. abyssinica diet was not toxic to rats. Impairment of growth and hepatonephropathy were observed in rats on a 10% A. abyssinica diet. By whatever route it was administered, either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (p.o.), the ethyl acetate extract in daily doses of 500 mg/kg body weight was the most toxic and lethal to rats and caused hepatonephropathy, widespread hemorrhage and congestion and fibrinous peritonitis following i.p. administration. The aqueous and ethanol extracts i n similar doses to ethyl acetate extract were only lethal to rats when given via the i.p. route. Lesions were accompanied by anemia, leukopenia and alterations in serum AST activity and concentrations of urea, total protein and albumin.     

基于网络药理学和睾丸间质细胞模型探讨恩施巴戟促进睾酮分泌的作用机制

目的 基于网络药理学和睾丸间质细胞模型探究恩施巴戟对睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响和潜在作用机制。方法利用网络药理学和分子对接预测恩施巴戟治疗睾酮缺乏症的主要作用靶点及通路;通过LC-MS/MS技术分析恩施巴戟主要化学成分;构建睾丸间质细胞模型,采用MTT法检测睾丸间质细胞的存活率,采用ELISA法检测睾酮分泌量,采用qRTPCR检测睾酮合成和凋亡相关基因表达,采用Western blotting检测睾酮合成蛋白表达。结果 网络药理学和分子对接结果显示,恩施巴戟主要通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1（mitogen-activated protein kinase 1,MAPK1）、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶调节亚基1（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseregulatory subunit 1,PIK3R1）等靶点和环磷酸腺苷（cyclic adenosine monophosphate,cAMP）、MAPK、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,Akt）等信号通路发挥作用,水晶兰苷为其主要有效成分。LC-MS/MS分析和睾丸间质细胞实验结果验证了网络药理学预测分析,恩施巴戟提取物和水晶兰苷均具有促进睾丸间质细胞生长和睾酮分泌的作用,其作用机制与促进类固醇生成急性调控蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,StAR）、胆固醇侧链裂解酶（cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme,Cyp11a1）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）/Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax）mRNA表达（P＜0.05、0.01）并促进StAR蛋白表达有关（P＜0.01）。结论 恩施巴戟具有促进睾酮分泌的作用,水晶兰苷为其主要活性成分,其作用机制与作用于MAPK、PI3K/Akt通路调控睾酮合成有关。     

两种给药途径对低分子量肝素和肝素抗栓与抗凝作用的动物实验研究

 目的：观察比较低分子量肝素(LMWH)、肝素iv和sc的抗栓和抗凝作用。方法：按Chandler氏法由兔颈总动脉取血制备混合血栓和结扎大鼠下腔静脉制备静脉血栓模型；全血凝固时间(CT)按试管法测定，凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和复钙时间(RT)均按常规方法测定。结果：iv时，LMWH组兔血栓重量低于等抗凝单位的肝素，对大鼠血栓重量的影响与等抗凝单位的肝素相似，对TT的延长作用弱于肝素，对CT，PT，APTT和RT的延长作用与肝素相似。sc时，LMWH组两种血栓模型的血栓重量均低于肝素组，而且对CT，PT，APTT，TT和RT的延长也明显强于肝素。结论：ivLMWH的抗栓作用强于肝素或与肝素相似，抗凝作用与肝素相似或较弱。sc时，LMWH的抗栓及抗凝作用均强于肝素。     

两种给药途径对低分子量肝素和肝素抗栓与抗凝作用的动物实验研究

目的：观察比较低分子量肝素（ＬＭＷＨ）、肝素ｉｖ和ｓｃ的抗栓和抗凝作用。方法：按Ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒ氏法由兔颈总动脉取血制备混合血栓和结扎大鼠下腔静脉制备静脉血栓模型；全血凝固时间（ＣＴ）按试管法测定，凝血酶时间（ＴＴ）、凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）、活化的部分凝血活酶时间（ＡＰＴＴ）和复钙时间（ＲＴ）均按常规方法测定。结果：ｉｖ时，ＬＭＷＨ组兔血栓重量低于等抗凝单位的肝素，对大鼠血栓重量的影响与等抗凝单位的肝素相似，对ＴＴ的延长作用弱于肝素，对ＣＴ，ＰＴ，ＡＰＴＴ和ＲＴ的延长作用与肝素相似。ｓｃ时，ＬＭＷＨ组两种血栓模型的血栓重量均低于肝素组，而且对ＣＴ，ＰＴ，ＡＰＴＴ，ＴＴ和ＲＴ的延长也明显强于肝素。结论：ｉｖＬＭＷＨ的抗栓作用强于肝素或与肝素相似，抗凝作用与肝素相似或较弱。ｓｃ时，ＬＭＷＨ的抗栓及抗凝作用均强于肝素。     

泻肺利水方醇提物不同给药途径对斑马鱼心力衰竭模型心功能的影响

[目的] 探讨泻肺利水方醇提物不同给药途径对心力衰竭的干预作用。[方法] 采用维拉帕米诱导的斑马鱼心力衰竭模型评价注射给药和水溶给药两种给药途径对心脏功能的改善,根据泻肺利水方醇提物的最大给药剂量和最大给药浓度确定本研究的干预剂量和浓度,通过测定斑马鱼心脏面积、静脉淤血面积以及血流速度、心输出量进行心力衰竭改善功效的评价。[结果] 泻肺利水方醇提物的最大给药剂量为100 ng/尾、最大给药浓度为500 μg/mL;注射给药低、中、高3个剂量对斑马鱼在心脏面积、静脉淤血面积、血流速度和心输出量的改善率分别为33%、41%、34%;44%、57%、56%;33%、48%、58%;28%、38%、72%,具有明显的改善作用;水溶给药对斑马鱼的心脏面积、静脉淤血面积改善不明显,其改善率分别为-5%、7%、28%和-18%、-6%、-1%,但对血流速度和心输出量具有明显的改善作用,其改善率分别为23%、24%、28%和22%、22%、31%。[结论] 泻肺利水方醇提物注射给药对维拉帕米诱导斑马鱼心力衰竭模型具有显著的改善作用。     

心血通颗粒剂对家兔脂代谢紊乱模型的治疗作用研究

家兔饲以高脂食料形成脂质代谢紊乱后分组给药,以评价心血通颗粒的调血脂作用。结果心血通颗粒１５、３０ｇ（生药）／ｋｇ治疗４Ｗ,可显著降低脂代谢紊乱模型动物血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,纠正高脂血症脂代谢紊乱病理生化改变。     

五子衍宗丸加味对肾虚型男性不育患者精液及血清睾酮水平的影响

目的观察五子衍宗丸加味治疗肾虚型男性不育患者的临床疗效,探索提高肾虚型男性不育患者精液质量的治疗方法。方法选择肾虚型男性不育患者50例,均给予五子衍宗丸加味治疗,1个月为1个疗程,3个疗程为1个治疗周期。治疗1个周期后统计疗效,比较治疗后精液液化时间、精液量、精子密度、精子总数、精子活率、A级精子比率、A+B级精子比率、血清睾酮水平。结果治疗1个周期后,治愈率为30%,总有效率为94%。治疗前精液液化时间、精液量、精子密度、精子总数、精子活率、A级精子比率、A+B级精子比率、血清睾酮水平分别为(48.2±16.49)min、(2.80±1.03)m L、(48.25±38.76)×10~6m L~(-1)、(135.20±121.40)×10~6m L~(-1)、(35.74±20.54)%、(15.10±12.95)%、(28.40±17.36)%和(3.35±0.82)nmol/L,治疗后分别为(46.46±18.57)min、(3.24±0.97)m L、(59.15±47.95)×10~6m L~(-1)、(174.32±143.85)×10~6m L~(-1)、(49.92±21.56)%、(23.50±14.77)%、(40.47±19.29)%和(4.93±1.03)nmol/L,治疗后精液量、精子密度、精子总数、精子活率、A级精子比率、A+B级精子比率、血清睾酮水平均较治疗前显著改善(P均<0.05)。结论五子衍宗丸加味可明显改善不育患者精液质量,提高血清睾丸酮水平。     

隔药饼灸对动脉粥样硬化兔血清载脂蛋白A及载脂蛋白B水平的影响

目的观察隔药饼灸对动脉粥样硬化（AS）兔血清载脂蛋白A（apoA）、载脂蛋白B（apoB）含量及A/B比值的影响。方法将75只兔随机分为空白组、模型组、直接灸组、隔药饼灸组、药物组。采用高脂饲养和免疫损伤方法建立AS兔模型,各组同时施加相应的干预措施治疗16周后,取颈动脉血,用电泳法测定apoA、apoB,比较各组血清中apoA、apoB含量及A/B比值的变化情况。结果与模型组比较,各治疗组血清apoA含量升高（P〈0.01）,A/B比值升高（P〈0.05）,apoB含量降低（P〈0.01）。结论隔药饼灸对AS兔血清apoA、apoB含量及A/B值具有调节作用。     

Effect of some medicinal plants on plasma antioxidant system and lipid levels in rats

Several inflammatory diseases are thought to be related to oxidative injury and free oxygen radicals have been proposed as important causative agents of heart disease and aging. To investigate the effects of daily intake of medicinal plants on antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and lipid profiles in rat, 28 rats were randomly divided into four groups and administered with three plant extracts (0.2 g/kg body weight): Piper cubeba (fruit), Physalis angulata (flower), Rosa hybrida (flower) and with saline as a control. After 3 weeks, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels in plasma were measured. The SOD activity of the Piper cubeba group and the catalase activity of the Piper cubeba and Rosa hybrida groups were significantly increased compared with the control group, while the SOD and catalase activities of the Physalis angulata group were not significantly changed (p<0.05). TBARS, a marker of lipid peroxidation, was significantly lower in all experimental groups compeered with the control group. No significant changes occurred in the TG, total- and LDL-cholesterol of all groups, but the HDL-cholesterol of the Physalis angulata group was significantly increased. This study showed that the intake of medicinal plants in rats results in an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and HDL-cholesterol, and a decrease in malondialdehyde, which may reduce the risk of inflammatory and heart disease.