动态心电图监测起搏器功能价值分析

目的探讨Holter对监测起搏器功能的价值。方法采用美国进口的动态心电图（Holter）检测仪，对30例（42例次）安装心脏起搏器患者进行随访。结果发现10例（15例次）出现起搏器感知障碍，其中2例为感知过度，其余8例为感知不良，其中1例并起搏功能障碍。起搏器感知障碍10例中，7例无症状，为短暂起搏器感知失效，未作处理。10例中5例进行2～5次随访，其感知失效减少或消失。结论Holter能确切反应短暂起搏功能障碍情况、判断故障及与症状的关系。     

动态心电图在评估起搏器间歇性感知功能异常的作用

目的探讨动态心电图检测对起搏器间歇性感知功能异常的诊断价值。方法采用美国GESEERMC型三导及十二导联动态心电图仪,对48例（64例次）安装起搏器的患者进行随访,分析起搏、感知功能异常及与起搏器相关的心律失常。结果共检测出起搏器间歇性感知功能异常22例（39例次）,检出率为45．83％。有7例（11例次）合并两项感知功能异常,所有感知功能异常除2例经常规心电图检出外,其余20例在动态心电图中被发现。检出与起搏器相关心律失常14例。经临床处理后,大部分起搏器的感知功能异常消失。结论起搏器的感知功能异常多为间歇性,而动态心电图对其检出率高,是起搏器随访不可缺少的手段。     

动态心电图对起搏器功能异常的检测价值

目的探讨动态心电图检测对起搏器功能异常的诊断价值。方法采用美国博利屋8800型动态心电图仪，对90例安装起搏器的患者进行随访，分析起搏、感知及与起搏器相关的心律失常并与常规心电图对照。结果共检出起搏器功能异常22例，其中间歇性感知功能异常19例，根据动态心电图结果进行相应临床处理后，部分起搏器的感知功能异常消失。结论起搏器的感知功能异常多为间歇性的，动态心电图对间歇性感知异常的检出率较高，是起搏器随访的重要手段之一。     

高频心电图、心向量图和动态心电图对冠心病诊断价值的比较

高频心电图、心向量图和动态心电图对冠心病诊断价值的比较胡观涛（浙江省武义县第一人民医院武义３２１２００）关键词冠状动脉疾病高频心电描记术心电向量描记术心电描记术，便携式高频心电图（ＨＦＥＣＧ）未用于心血管病临床之前，心向量图（ＶＣＧ）Ｔ环异常和动态心...     

动态心电图对冠心病诊断价值的研究进展

动态心电图在诊断心律失常方面具有其它检查无法比拟的优越性 ,但对它检出缺血性ST段改变能否作为诊断冠心病的依据存在较大争议 ,本文作者就近年来动态心电图对冠心病诊断的研究进行综述。     

动态心电图对无痛性心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的:评价应用动态心电图(Holter)诊断心肌缺血总负荷(TIB)的方法筛查无痛性心肌缺血(SMI)的临床价值。方法:对112例有冠心病危险因素但无胸痛主诉的体检者,常规行Holter检查,评价其TIB,对达标者(TIB≥60mm.min.24h-1)进一步行冠状动脉造影检查,同时对冠状动脉血管病变的程度进行Gensini积分评价,并行相关性分析。结果:42例(42/112)提示有TIB达标。对其中38例(38/42)进行了冠状动脉造影检查,29例(76.3%)经造影确诊为冠心病,9例(23.7%)造影无明显异常。相关性分析表明TIB的大小与冠状动脉血管病变的程度呈正相关(r=0.749,P<0.01)。结论:Holter诊断TIB的方法可以较为客观地评价心肌缺血的程度,对于冠心病患者特别是SMI的检出有一定的价值。     

电话传输心电图和动态心电图对心律失常诊断价值的对比

目的:了解在间歇出现的心律失常的诊断中电话传输心电图监测系统(TTM)和动态心电图的价值和效价。方法:100例主诉间歇性心悸、头晕、黑朦或晕厥的患者,男68例,女32例,年龄(51.38±12.64)岁。随机分为TTM检查组(TTM组)和动态心电图检查组(动态心电图组)。TTM组患者平均佩带TTM(3.85±2.94)d,每天收费30元,动态心电图组患者佩带24h动态心电图,收费170元/d.人。结果:TTM组检出心律失常30例(60%),动态心电图组检出31例(62%),P>0.05。前者检出心室颤动等重要心律失常比后者多(P<0.01),检出心律失常每例所需费用动态心电图组约是TTM组的1.5倍。结论:对于间歇出现的心律失常的检出,电话传输心电图监测系统价效更好。     

动态心电图对伴长不应期快径的房室结双径路的诊断价值

目的：明确24h动态心电图对伴长不应期快径的房室结双径路（DAVNP）的诊断价值。方法：对84例DAVNP合并房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的患者进行24h动态心电图（DCG）监测。结果：3例患者在DCG示间歇性PR间期延长．伴心悸等不适。食管电生理显示快径有效不应期（ERP）延长，大于500ms。结论：DAVNP患者有时快径呈间歇性延长，DCG有助于其确定。     

起搏器感知功能异常的诊断和处理

目的：分析永久性心脏起搏器感知功能异常的临床发生率。方法：对851例永久起搏器进行随访研究，分析其感知异常的发生情况。结果：感知功能异常总发生率为10．81%(90例)，其中感知过度41例(45．56％)，感知低下28例(31．11%)，交叉感知21例(23．33%)。结论：感知功能异常是起搏器治疗的重要并发症，它可使起搏周期发生不规则的变化使起搏心电图复杂化。临床上则引起不同程度的起搏障碍，如起搏的脱落及停搏，因此及时对感知异常作出正确诊断并排除非常重要。     

12导联动态心电图对老年冠心病患者的诊断价值

目的　评价 12导联动态心电图对老年冠心病的诊断价值。方法　选择 10 0例临床疑为冠心病的老年患者 ,将12导联动态心电图检测心肌缺血的结果与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果　 12导联动态心电图诊断冠心病的敏感性为 6 3.8% ,特异性为 79.2 % ,阳性预测值为 73.2 % ,阴性预测值为 71.2 % ,准确性为 72 %。 12导联动态心电图对于 3支及左主干病变敏感性高达 10 0 % ,而对于前降支、回旋支或右冠状动脉病变敏感性没有区别。结论　 12导联动态心电图在诊断老年冠心病方面敏感性及特异性不高 ,但对左主干及 3支病变的敏感性很高 ,有一定的临床应用价值     

中老年起博器植入患者的动态心电图分析

目的探讨动态心电图（DCG）监测对起搏器起搏及感知功能异常的诊断价值。方法采用美国惠普43400B型DCG分析系统,对95例年龄在50岁以上植入起搏器的患者进行随访,分析起搏、感知功能及与起搏器相关的心律失常并与常规心电图对照。结果共检出起搏器功能障碍23例,其中间歇性起搏功能障碍2例（占2%）,间歇性感知功能障碍21例（占22%）。检出与起搏器相关的心律失常17例（18%）。而常规心电图仅发现感知功能障碍2例。两种检查方式在检测间歇性感知功能障碍及与起搏器相关的心律失常方面存在显著性差异（P<0.01）。检出起搏功能异常的差异性未达到显著水平。DCG对3种类型（AAI、VVI、DDD）之间感知功能异常检出率无显著性差异。根据DCG结果,进行临床相应处理后,起搏器的起搏及部分感知功能障碍消失,相关心律失常引起的临床症状逐渐消失。结论起搏器的起搏、感知功能障碍及与起搏器相关的心律失常多为间歇性发生,DCG对其检出率较高,并可系统了解起博器工作状态及各种心律失常,是对起博器随访的重要手段之一。     

动态心电图在起搏器植入术后随访中的应用

目的:探讨动态心电图(DCG)评价起搏器功能状态的价值。方法:对93例起搏器植入术患者进行随访,分析起搏、感知及与起搏器相关的心律失常和症状。结果:起搏功能异常1例,检出感知异常28例,检出率为31．18％ (29／93),除1例感知异常及1例起搏异常在常规心电图中检出外,其余均在DCG中发现。根据检查结果进行起搏器程控调整和相应的临床处理后,28例中22例(78．6％)起搏及感知异常有不同程度改善或消失。结论:DCG监测对间歇性起搏及感知功能异常检出率较高,DCG是起搏器随访不可或缺的检查方法。     

83例起搏器患者动态心电图检查结果分析

目的探讨动态心电图(DCG)在置入人工心脏起搏器后随访的意义。方法采用24h动态心电图对83例置入心脏心脏起搏器患者进行分析,并与常规心电图进行比较,判断起搏器起搏、感知状况及与起搏器相关的心律失常,分析起搏器与自身心律相互作用的心电图改变。结果 DCG检测出起搏器功能障碍14例,检出率为16.9%,常规心电图检出起搏器功能障碍4例,检出率为4.8%,两者检出率差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。DCG检出与起搏器无关自身心律失常55例,与起搏器相关性心律失常5例,发现伪融合波15例。结论 DCG起搏器功能障碍检出率高,可为起搏器置入后临床随访提供准确依据。     

心脏永久起搏器安置后抑郁症39例临床分析

目的:探讨起搏器术后抑郁症的发病情况。方法:根据WHO1992年抑郁症诊断标准确诊起搏器术后抑郁症39例,每位患者均进行汉密尔顿量表评分,对患者进行心理干预及药物治疗,四周后再对所有患者行汉密尔顿量表评分。结果:心理干预和药物治疗后患者的汉密尔顿量表评分显著下降(26±3.2分:9±2.1分,P<0.01),临床症状显著改善。结论:心理干预可提高起搏器治疗效果。     

Pacemaker stress echocardiography predicts cardiac events in patients with permanent pacemaker

Purpose

Noninvasive pacemaker stress echocardiography is a newly introduced method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in patients with a permanent pacemaker. The prognostic value of pacemaker stress echocardiography has not been studied.

Subjects and methods

We studied 136 patients (mean age 64 ± 12 years) with a permanent pacemaker who underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography for evaluation of coronary artery disease. All patients underwent pacemaker stress echocardiography by external programming (pacing heart rate up to ischemia or target heart rate).

Results

Thirty-one patients (23%) had normal study results. Ischemia was detected in 75 patients (55%). During a mean follow-up of 3.5 ± 2.4 years, 35 deaths (26%) (20 the result of cardiac causes) and 2 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1%) occurred. The annual cardiac death rate was 1.3% in patients without ischemia and 4.6% in patients with ischemia (P = .01). The annual all-cause mortality rate was 3.1% in patients without ischemia and 7% in patients with ischemia (P = .004). The presence of ischemia during pacemaker stress echocardiography was the strongest independent predictor of cardiac death (hazard ratio 4.1, confidence interval 1.2-14.5) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.7, confidence interval 1.2-6.0) in a multivariable model.

Conclusion

Myocardial ischemia during pacemaker stress echocardiography is an independent predictor of cardiac death and all-cause mortality in patients with a permanent pacemaker.     

Incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during permanent pacemaker therapy in low-risk patients results from the German multicentre EVENTS study.

AIMS: Current studies found an incidence of 12-31% ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death during cardiac pacing months or even years after pacemaker insertion. MADIT(12) and MUSTT(13) demonstrated that patients with poor LV function after Myocardial infarction (MI) showing non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT) and inducibility during electrophysiologic testing benefit from an ICD. The present study was dedicated to assess the global incidence of non-sustained ventricular arrhythmias in a general population of pacemaker patients. Special regard was on patients with a potential ICD indication, e.g. those matching the MADIT/MUSTT criteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one patients (72 +/- 11 years; 134 men) with an indication for dual chamber pacing entered the study. In all patients pacemaker systems capable of automatic storing of intracardiac electrocardiograms were implanted (Pulsar, Discovery, Guidant). Follow-up time was 15 months after inclusion. In 54 (25.7%) of 210 patients with at least one follow-up, episodes of nsVT were documented by stored electrocardiograms (up to >30 beats, >200 b.p.m.). Multiple-up to nine-episodes of ventricular tachycardia were retrieved in 31 of these patients. Three out of 14 patients with an LVEF <40% after MI presented nsVT during the follow-up. One of these patients received an ICD. CONCLUSION: A significant number of pacemaker patients present with ventricular tachycardia. Intracardiac electrocardiograms and alert functions from pacemakers may enhance physicians' awareness of the patient's intrinsic arrhythmic profile and help uncover underlying mechanisms of arrhythmias by storing the initiation of the arrhythmia.     

永久心脏起搏器置入患者合并心理问题现状分析

目的 了解置入永久心脏起搏器患者合并心理问题的现状.方法 入选置入永久心脏起搏器患者226例(起搏器组)和健康体检者184例(对照组).应用Zung焦虑自评量表和Zung抑郁自评量表分别在起搏器组入院时、手术后3 d、出院后90 d和对照组体检时心理状态进行评估与比较.结果 起搏器组患者入院时有焦虑症状和抑郁症状分别占...     

Incidence and predictors of cardiac perforation after permanent pacemaker placement

BACKGROUND: Pericardial effusion, a sign of cardiac perforation, may complicate permanent pacemaker placement. Risk factors for development of post-permanent pacemaker effusion have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of symptomatic pericardial effusion after permanent pacemaker placement. METHODS: The Mayo Clinic pacemaker and echocardiogram databases were cross-referenced. From 1995 to 2003, 4,280 permanent pacemakers were implanted. Fifty (1.2%) patients developed significant effusion and symptoms consistent with perforation. They were randomly matched with 100 patients without effusion after permanent pacemaker placement. RESULTS: The strongest predictors of postimplant effusion by univariate analysis were the concomitant use of a temporary transvenous pacemaker (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.2, P = .001) or steroid use within 7 days prior to implant (HR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-10, P = .003). Weaker predictors were use of helical screw ventricular leads, body mass index (BMI) <20, older age, and longer fluoroscopy times. Variables associated with lower risk of perforation were right ventricular systolic pressure >35 mmHg (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.44-0.97, P = .01) or BMI >30 (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.93, P = .01). Multivariate predictors were use of temporary pacemaker (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4-3.9, P = .01), helical screw leads (HR 2.5; 95% CI 1.4-3.8, P = .04), and steroids (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-5.4, P = .04). Right ventricular systolic pressure >35 mmHg was the only protective factor (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.92, P = .02). CONCLUSION: The incidence of postimplant effusions is low. In order to minimize periprocedural permanent pacemaker effusions, temporary pacemaker placement should be avoided unless essential, and particular care should be taken when placing a permanent pacemaker in patients who are taking steroids.     

移动电话对埋藏式永久起搏器干扰的临床研究

目的 :研究移动电话对埋藏式永久起搏器的干扰情况。方法 :用自身对照法 ,将国内常用的 2种移动电话分别放在 3种不同位置及处于不同工作状态下 ,检测其对埋藏式起搏器的干扰情况。结果 :对 110例患者共进行 185 7次测试 ,仅 1例 (0 .9% ) Biotronic Ergos- 0 1VVI型起搏器依赖型患者 2 2次 (1.2 % )出现干扰。干扰只发生在移动电话处于起搏器上 ,且多出现于铃响阶段。数字机干扰大于模拟机。当移动电话处在正常耳旁位置时未见干扰。结论 :目前的埋藏式心脏起搏器对移动电话具有一定的抗干扰能力 ;起搏器患者在通常耳旁位置使用移动电话是安全的 ;起搏器依赖型患者最好选用模拟式移动电话。