自体纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗严重自身免疫性疾病的初步研究

目的探讨自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗严重自身免疫性疾病的干细胞动员、细胞采集和分选、预处理和并发症处理等问题.方法 10例重度自身免疫性疾病患者接受自体外周血CD34+细胞移植治疗.采用环磷酰胺(CTX)+rhG-CSF方案动员外周血干细胞,并以CliniMACS细胞分选仪分选CD34+细胞,适时用CTX+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(7例)或CTX+全身照射(3例)两种预处理方案后,进行CD34+细胞回输的方法治疗.结果经CTX+rhG-CSF方案动员并以CliniMACS细胞分选仪分选后,可获得(1.98±0.95)×108的CD34+细胞,其纯度为(91.4±10.6)%,回收率为(60.5±19.8)%.在回输(2.14±1.05)×106/kg的CD34+细胞后,ANC ≥0.5×109/L的时间为(8.6±2.5)d,血小板升至20×109/L的时间为(9.0±5.2)d.在造血恢复后,所有CD3+细胞、CD19+细胞和CD16+CD56+细胞均未恢复至移植前状态.在造血和免疫抑制时,巨细胞病毒感染的发生率较高.2例患者死于移植相关并发症.所有患者近期疗效满意,6例系统性红斑狼疮患者DAI评分由移植前的平均17分降为移植后的4分;类风湿关节炎患者DAS28评分由6.4分降至1.8分;干燥综合征患者的症状和体征均明显缓解.结论对常规治疗无效的严重自身免疫性疾病,自体外周血CD34+细胞移植是可选择的治疗方法之一.     

造血干细胞移植中CD34+细胞最佳分选的应用效果评价

目的探讨联合化疗加细胞因子动员自体外周血CD34+细胞的采集及临床级磁性分选仪(CliniMACS)分选的最佳方法,评价分选后CD34+细胞在造血干细胞移植中的应用效果.方法2001-03/2002-01在南京市鼓楼医院血液科病房收治自身免疫性疾病患者9例.符合纳入标准患者9例,男3例,女6例.采用环磷酰胺[2～4 g/(m2·d)]+粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)[5～10 μg/(kg·d)]作为动员剂,CS-3000Plus血细胞分离机采集外周血单个核样细胞,CliniMACS作CD34+细胞分选,观察分选前后的细胞计数、纯度、细胞活力,流式细胞术进行细胞表型检测及粒巨细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)培养.计算CD34+细胞的采集得率和分选回收率.观察CD34+细胞移植后造血功能恢复的情况.结果经环磷酰胺加G-CSF动员后,采集时机多以一次采集能够获得足够数量的CD34+细胞(CliniMACS分选和冷冻保存的耗损计算在内)为原则,外周血白细胞总数＞6×109 L-1或CD34+细胞＞0.4%时开始采集,其中8例采集1次,1例采集2次.每例患者可获单个核样细胞(MNC)总数(0.924～5.360)×1010,MNC(2.6～19.5)×108/kg,CD34+细胞(2.4～37.2)×106/kg,经CliniMACS系统分选后,CD34+细胞回收率为51%～93%,平均回收率为87%,CFU-GM回收率为35%～62%.CD34+细胞纯度为94.3%～98.4%,平均96.71%.CD3+,CD19+,CD56+,CD14+细胞去除2～4个对数级.经冰冻保存后的CD34+细胞的回收率为78%～99%,CFU-GM回收率为82%～99%,实际回输CD34+细胞为(2.0～8.3)×106/kg,移植后均获造血重建.结论掌握最佳动员、采集及分选方法,CD34+细胞可获较高产率,移植后造血功能恢复较快.     

造血干细胞移植中CD34^＋细胞最佳分选的应用效果评价

目的：探讨联合化疗加细胞因子动员自体外周血CD34^+细胞的采集及临床级磁性分选仪(CliniMACS)分选的最佳方法，评价分选后CD34^+细胞在造血干细胞移植中的应用效果。方法：2001-03／2002-01在南京市鼓楼医院血液科病房收治自身免疫性疾病患者9例。符合纳入标准患者9例，男3例，女6例。采用环磷酰胺[2～4g／(m^2&;#183;d)]+粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)[5～10μg／(kg&;#183;d)]作为动员剂，CS-3000Plus血细胞分离机采集外周血单个核样细胞，CliniMACS作CD34^+细胞分选，观察分选前后的细胞计数、纯度、细胞活力，流式细胞术进行细胞表型检测及粒巨细胞集落形成单位(CFU-GM)培养。计算CD34^+细胞的采集得率和分选回收率。观察CD34^+细胞移植后造血功能恢复的情况。结果：经环磷酰胺加G-CSF动员后，采集时机多以一次采集能够获得足够数量的CD34^+细胞(CliniMACS分选和冷冻保存的耗损计算在内)为原则，外周血白细胞总数&;gt;6&;#215;10^9+L^-1或CD34^+细胞&;gt;0．4％时开始采集，其中8例采集1次，1例采集2次。每例患者可获单个核样细胞(MNC)总数(0．924—5．360)&;#215;10^10，MNC(2．6～19．5)&;#215;10^8／k，CD34^+细胞(2．4～37．2)&;#215;10^6／kg，经CliniMACS系统分选后，CD34^+细胞回收率为51％～93％，平均回收率为87%，CUF-GM回收率为35%～62％。CD34^+细胞纯度为94．3％～98．4％，平均96．71％。CD3^+，CD19^+，CD56^+，CD14^+细胞去除2—4个对数级。经冰冻保存后的CD34^+细胞的回收率为78％～99％，CFU-GM回收率为82％～99％，实际回输CD34^+细胞为(2．0～8．3)&;#215;10^6／kg，移植后均获造血重建。结论：掌握最佳动员、采集及分选方法，CD34^+细胞可获较高产率，移植后造血功能恢复较快。     

自体纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗自身免疫性疾病14例的临床观察

目的 探讨自体纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗自身免疫性疾病(AID)的疗效.方法 对14例自身免疫性疾病患者进行自体纯化CD34+细胞移植.采用环磷酰胺(CTX)+G-CSF动员外周血干细胞,通过CliniMACS细胞分选仪分选CD34+细胞并冻存.预处理方案:8例采用氟达拉滨(FDB)+抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATG)+CT...     

常规剂量rhG-CSF动员无关供者外周血造血干细胞的效果观察

目的观察5μg/(kg·d)的rhG -CSF对20名无关供者外周血造血干细胞动员效果。方法rhG -CSF5μg/(kg·d)连续5d皮下注射,第4.5天、5.5天用CS3000血细胞分离机分2次采集外周血造血干细胞。结果动员第4.5天,MNC和CD34+细胞达高峰,第5.5天略有下降。第4.5天和5.5天采集产品的MNC分别为(324.3±67)×108个和(257.3±46.2)×108个,CD34+细胞数分别为(272±102)×106个和(201.5±79.4)×106个。所有受者均获满意的造血重建,而捐献者均未见明显的并发症。结论5μg/(kg·d)rhG- CSF动员外周血干细胞安全可靠。     

rhG-CSF对健康供者的影响

目的 :探讨人重组粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG CSF)对健康供者的影响。方法 :1998年 1月至 2 0 0 3年6月年间 2 2例接受rhG CSF 10 μg·kg-1·d-1动员的健康供者 ,观察动员及分离过程的不良反应 ,检测动员前后血常规、CD3、CD4、CD8细胞比例 ;采集物进行单个核 (MNC)、CD3 4+细胞计数 ;所有供者随访至 2 0 0 3年 10月 3 0日。结果 :2 2例供者在rhG CSF动员过程中出现 1～ 2级 (按WHO急性毒副作用分级标准 )肌肉或骨痛 ( 4 5 5 % )、头痛( 2 2 7% )、食欲减退 ( 5 0 % )等副作用 ,无需终止动员。动员后白细胞较动员前显著升高 ,停止动员后 7d基本恢复至动员前水平。血红蛋白及血小板、CD3 +、CD4+、CD 8+和CD 4/CD8比值于动员前、动员第 4天及停止动员后 7d的变化无统计学意义。结论 :绝大多数健康供者可耐受rhG CSF剂量为 10 μg·kg-1·d-1的短程动员和PBSC采集过程 ;rhG CSF对健康供者的T淋巴细胞亚群分布无影响。     

化疗加G-CSF和GM-CSF联合动员自体外周血干细胞

目的　探讨化疗加粒细胞集落刺激因子 (G CSF)和粒 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子 (GM CSF)联合动员自体外周血干细胞 (APBSC)的效果。方法　卡铂 (CBP) 35 0mg m2 ,第 1天静滴 ;足叶乙甙(Vp16 ) 35 0mg m2 ,第 1～第 3天静滴 ;白细胞降至最低点又回升到 (2 .4～ 6 .4)× 10 9 L时 ,皮下注射G CSF 5 μg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 (早 6∶0 0 ) GM CSF 5 μg·kg- 1 ·d- 1 (晚 6∶0 0 ) 地塞米松 5mg d(采集日 10mg d)直到采集结束前 1天 ;白细胞上升到 (2 9.80± 5 .98)× 10 9 L ,开始用CS30 0 0plus血细胞分离机连续 2d采集APBSC。结果　 2 0例患者连续采集APBSC 2次 ,共采集到MNC(5 .93± 1.6 2 )× 10 8 kg ,CD34 细胞 (2 3.10± 11.5 3)× 10 6 kg ,CFU GM(3.44± 2 .85 )× 10 5 kg。无严重不良反应。 9例 10次自体外周血干细胞移植(APBSCT)造血功能均获满意重建。结论　以化疗联合G CSF和GM CSF能高效、安全地动员APBSC ,1次动员采集 2次可满足 1～ 2次的APBSCT。     

异基因外周血干细胞移植供者CD34细胞及亚群的测定

目的　探讨流式细胞技术测定异基因外周血干细胞移植 (allo PBSCT)中供者细胞表面分化抗原 34 (CD34 )细胞及其亚群变化和意义。方法　应用流式细胞多色分析技术 ,测定 15 1份allo PBSCT供者 ,经细胞因子动员后外周血标本CD34 及其亚群变化及影响因素。结果　在检测的15 1份标本中 ,CD34 细胞占外周血单个核细胞的 (0 .95 4± 0 .46 6 ) % ,含量为 (3.5 5± 2 .41)× 10 9/L ;其中CD34 CD38-亚群含量为 (0 .2 5 3± 0 .2 40 )× 10 9/L ,占CD34 细胞的 6 .78% ;CD34 HLA DR 亚群含量为 (0 .2 73± 0 .310 )× 10 9/L ,占CD34 细胞的 6 .82 % ,两者差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;随着采集次数的增加 ,CD34 细胞及其亚群数量逐渐减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;随着供者年龄增加 ,其外周血CD34 细胞数逐渐减少 ,≥ 40岁供者CD34 细胞百分比和含量比 <2 0岁供者分别降低了 47%和 5 0 % ;动员后外周血CD34 细胞数存在性别差异 ,男性供者外周血CD34 细胞数较女性高 2 3%。结论　应用流式细胞多色技术测定外周血造血干祖细胞 ,不仅能确定造血细胞数量 ,而且对造血干祖细胞的质量进行评价 ,为临床干细胞移植治疗提供重要数据。     

rhIL-11联合rhG-CSF动员小鼠外周血造血干/祖细胞的研究

目的　研究rhIL 11对小鼠巨核系造血干 /祖细胞的动员作用。方法　rhIL 112 5 0μg·kg-1·d-1或联合rhG CSF 2 5 0 μg·kg-1·d-1给C5 7BL/ 6小鼠皮下注射 1～ 7d ,观察用药前和用药第 3,5 ,7,9天小鼠外周血白细胞、血小板计数 ,CD34 +细胞比例 ,CFU GM、CFU MK、CFU E的数量变化。结果　单用rhIL 11或与rhG CSF联合使用时 ,外周血白细胞、血小板、CD34 +细胞比例及各种造血细胞集落数明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。在含有IL 11的实验组中 ,CFU MK明显高于rhG CSF组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　rhIL 11可升高外周血白细胞、血小板 ,同时增加外周血CD34 +细胞的比例 ,提高粒、红、巨核系造血细胞集落形成单位的数量 ,特别是对CFU MK作用较强 ;与rhG CSF联合使用对动员骨髓造血干 /祖细胞进入外周血有明显的协同作用。     

自体纯化CD34~+细胞移植治疗中/高危淋巴细胞来源恶性肿瘤的临床研究

目的分析自体纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗中/高危淋巴细胞来源恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法 10名中/高危组淋巴细胞来源恶性肿瘤患者行自体纯化CD34+细胞移植治疗,细胞分选采用cliniMACS系统。计算并统计分选纯度和CD34+细胞回收率,观察移植相关并发症及患者生存情况。结果纯化后CD34+细胞纯度为(87.79±3.73)%,回收率达到(65.74±10.37)%。10名患者全部顺利造血重建,感染发生率50%(5/10例),复发率为20%(2/10例)。结论利用CliniMACS系统进行外周血CD34+细胞分选,CD34+细胞纯度、回收率均满意,自体移植后造血功能重建顺利,近期疗效满意。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.