OCTA与ICGA检查在CNV和PCV中的影像对比分析

目的:对比观察脉络膜新生血管(CNV)与息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)在吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)与光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)中的特征性表现,探讨二者的区别和优缺点。方法:回顾分析2018-09/2020-04在河北省眼科医院确诊的CNV患者26例34眼和PCV患者19例19眼的影像学资料,CNV患者中湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(w-ARMD)20例28眼,慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CCSC)继发CNV 6例6眼。所有患者均行OCTA、荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)+ICGA检查,分析其特征性改变。结果:w-ARMD患者28眼OCTA检查示,除2眼因出血较多未见明显异常外,余26眼均可显示CNV形态,呈现效果形态更加锐利、立体,且能够分辨出CNV所在的解剖层面,其中11眼OCTA检查不仅能够很好地显示出CNV的形态、大小、范围,而且对于CNV中的滋养血管、新生血管及吻合支也都能较好地分辨。CCSC继发CNV患者6眼OCTA发现了FFA+ICGA未发现的CNV形态。PCV患者19眼OCTA检查异常脉络膜分支血管网(BVN)显示优于ICGA,但OCTA图像上末端囊袋样扩张(p...     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变的光相干断层扫描血管成像检查特征

目的观察息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)息肉病灶和脉络膜分支血管网(BVN)的光相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)特征。方法采用系列病例观察研究设计,收集2016年5月至2017年4月在北京协和医院就诊的未经治疗的PCV患者42例45眼,其中男26例27眼,女16例18眼;平均年龄为(68.59±8.52)岁。所有患眼均行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)、吲哚菁绿血管造影(ICGA)和OCTA检查,观察息肉和BVN的OCTA影像特征,并计算其OCTA的检出率。结果所有PCV患者ICGA图像上均可观察到明确的高荧光息肉病灶,其中38眼的ICGA图像上可观察到BVN结构。OCTA图像显示息肉为点状、环状、团簇状或结节状高反射信号,共检测出45眼中35眼的息肉病灶信号,检出率为77.8%。OCTA能清晰显示38眼的BVN血管结构,检出率为100.0%。结论OCTA能无创地显示PCV的息肉病灶和BVN结构,结合en face图像和B扫描图像能实现对病灶的定位。     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变在眼底FFA 与ICGA中特征分析

目的 探讨息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)眼底荧光素血管造影(FFA)和吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)同步检查的影像学特征及其临床意义.方法 选取62例患者(75只眼)进行眼底彩色照相、FFA 和ICGA同步检查,对黄斑部视网膜下出血病灶其形态及特征做以对比分析.结果 FFA图像显示:PCV75只眼中斑块样视网膜下出血48只眼,占64.0%;伴浆液性视网膜色素上皮(RPED)脱离12只眼,占16.0%;出血性RPED8只眼,占10.7%;脉络膜血管网及息肉样结节7只眼,占9.4%,早期即出现荧光素渗漏并逐渐增强,CNV末端膨大处出现点状高荧光.ICGA图像显示:75只患眼中72只眼呈"蘑菇"状或"树枝"状异常扩张,其血管网末端多个息肉样膨大与彩色照相所见的结节样病变部位吻合.结论 FFA和ICGA同步检查,不但对PCV患者病灶其形态及特征作出对比分析,ICGA检查还能提高PCV视网膜下脉络膜新生血管膜(CNV)的检出率,同时提高PCV患者激光光凝的可能性,而FFA对评估PCV 视网膜下出血及出血性或浆液性视网膜色素上皮脱离、脉络膜血管网及息肉状结节则均有较好的效果.

Abstract：

Objective To observe on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and sync examine of its image features and clinical meaning. Methods Sixty-two patients (75 eyes) applied fundus camera, FFA and ICGA synchronous examination, do comparison analysis in macular sub-retinal hemorrhage shape and area. Results FFA image in 75 PCV patients showed 48 eyes (64.0%) with plaque sub-retinal hemorrhage, 12 eyes (16.0%) accompanied with retinal pigment epithelial detachments (RPED), 8 eyes (10.7%) with bleeding RPED, 7 eyes (9.4%) with choroid blood vessel net and polypoidal node of early stage flouresence leakage. ICGA showed that 75 eyes had abnormal choroid blood vessel net extension, 72 with "mushroom" shape or "tree-branch" shape with more polypoidal enlarge in the end which was the same as seen under ophthalmoscope. Conclusions It proves that FFA and ICGA synchronous examination, not only can be used for PCV patients' tissue shape and area comparison analysis, but also improves the finding rate of the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in PCV, increases the feasibility of photocoagulation to PCV. FFA gives good result to evaluate PCV sub-retinal hemorrhage.     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变的吲哚菁绿眼底血管造影分型研究

目的 分析黄斑区息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)在吲哚菁绿眼底血管造影(ICGA)中的不同渗漏亚型及临床特点.方法 对经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)及ICGA确诊为PCV的137例144只患眼进行ICGA渗漏状态的分型及各型临床特点的分析.结果 在144只PCV患眼的ICGA中,110只眼出现晚期染料渗漏(渗漏型,76%).渗漏型又可分为三个亚型:息肉灶渗漏型(47只眼,42.7%)、异常分支状脉络膜血管渗漏型(14只眼,12.7%)和混合渗漏型(49只眼,44.5%).其他34只眼显示出晚期病灶的消退和(或)呈冲刷现象(消退型,24%).在渗漏型中,色素上皮脱离(PED)、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)<0.1及陈旧性视网膜下出血的比例分别为56.4%(62只眼),19.1%(21只眼)和4.6%(5只眼);消退型相应比例分别为8.8%(3只眼)、50%(17只眼)和38.2%(13只眼)(P<0.001),同时消退型的病程显著长于渗漏型(P<0.001).结论 在ICGA中可以观察PCV病灶的晚期渗漏及消退现象,其中以渗漏型居多.混合性渗漏是渗漏型中最常见的亚型.渗漏型多表现PED,较好的BCVA以及较短的病程,而消退型则更易表现视网膜下陈旧性出血、较差的BCVA以及较长的病程.这可能提示前者为活动性病灶或处于疾病的早期阶段,而后者则为静止性病灶或处于疾病的晚期阶段.     

息肉样脉络膜血管病变的频域相干光断层扫描图像特征

目的 研究息肉样脉络膜血管病变(PCV)异常血管网和息肉样病变的频域相干光断层扫描(OCT)图像特征.方法 回顾性病例系列研究.对经吲哚氰绿脉络膜血管造影(ICGA)确诊的54例(63只眼)PCV患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察其脉络膜异常血管网和息肉样病变的频域OCT图像特征.结果 ICGA图像中,有45只眼同时可见脉络膜异常血管网和血管息肉样扩张,8只眼仅见脉络膜异常血管网,10只眼仅见脉络膜血管息肉样扩张.53只眼异常血管网相对应部位均可见视网膜色素上皮层隆起,其中38只眼显示视网膜色素上皮层呈扁平波纹状隆起,视网膜色素上皮层信号与Bruch膜信号之间可见中至高的异常血管网反射信号;15只眼视网膜色素上皮层隆起较高,其下可见中高反射异常血管网和(或)出血信号,Bruch膜信号不完整.55只眼脉络膜息肉样病灶中,有28只眼为孤立性病灶,频域OCT图像显示为局限、轻度隆起的视网膜色素上皮层与Bruch膜之间的中等反射信号;27只眼ICGA图像显示为聚集性息肉样病变,而在频域OCT图像中表现为圆顶形、高度隆起的视网膜色素上皮层脱离,其下可见中等反射信号.结论 PCV异常血管网和息肉样病变大多表现为视网膜色素上皮层和Bruch膜之间的中高反射信号.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the tomographic features of branching vascular networks and polypoidal lesions in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods It was a retrospective case series study. Retrospective review of 63 eyes of 54 patients with PCV identified with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Tomographic features of branching vascular networks and polypoidal lesions on SD OCT,ICGA and fluorescein angiography were analyzed. Results Both branching vascular network and polypoidal lesions were found in 45 eyes on ICGA,branching vascular network only was found in 8 eyes and polypoidal lesions only in 10 eyes. Retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED) was found in all 53 eyes with branching vascular networks on SDOCT. Thirty-eight eyes had areas of moderate reflectivity of branching vascular network between the fluctuating retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch membrane. Fifteen eyes had moderate reflectivity of branching vascular network and/or hemorrhage between high doom-like RPED and incomplete Bruch membrane. Solitary pelypoidal lesions in 28 patients showed local moderate reflectivity between the RPE and Bruch membrane on SDOCT. Other aggregate polypoidal lesions in 27 patients showed moderate reflectivity between high doom-like RPED and incomplete Bruch membrane. Conclusion The vascular abnormalities of PCV identified with ICGA were visualized on SD-OCT images as areas of moderate reflectivity between RPE and Bruch membrane.     

Angiographic lesion of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy on indocyanine green and fluorescein angiography

BACKGROUND: Before treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), the extent of the lesion should be determined, but the angiographic lesion size of PCV is sometimes different when comparing indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fluorescein angiography (FA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate angiographic findings and compare the lesion sizes of PCV on ICGA and FA using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and fundus camera. METHODS: Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients with PCV were examined by ICGA and FA using confocal SLO and a fundus camera, and the findings and the lesion sizes were compared during the early, mid, and late-phases of ICGA and FA. RESULTS: The polyps with abnormal vessel networks were depicted on ICGA in all eyes and the lesion showed classic-type leakage on FA in 15 eyes. Ten eyes with a pigment epithelial detachment (PED) had the maximal lesion size on FA because hyperfluorescent areas involving PED were determined as the lesions; although on ICGA, a PED distinguished from abnormal vessels was not included in the lesion. In 27 eyes without a PED, the early-phase of ICGA using confocal SLO showed the maximal lesion size in 24 eyes (89%) and the late-phase in three eyes (11%), and the maximal size on ICGA agreed on FA. While FA depicted the maximal lesion sizes in 24 eyes (89%), another three eyes showed the maximal lesion size on early-phase ICGA on confocal SLO. The maximal lesion size on ICGA using a fundus camera was smaller than when using confocal SLO in seven eyes (19%). CONCLUSIONS: The ICGA on confocal SLO could visualize the more detailed findings of the abnormal vasculature of PCV and the FA showed hyperfluorescent regions overlaying the lesions. To determine the maximal lesion size on angiograms, early-phase ICGA using confocal SLO and FA should be referred.     

息肉状脉络膜血管病变与老年黄斑变性对比分析

目的探讨息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)与湿性老年黄斑变性(AMD)临床特征的区别与联系,以指导临床。方法回顾分析已确诊的PCV及湿性AMD的眼底彩照,荧光素血管造影(FFA),吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA),光学相干断层扫描(OCT)结果及临床资料。结果PCV15例,年龄48-70岁,平均62.3岁;湿性AMD38例,年龄50-80岁,平均65.8岁。PCV患者眼底视网膜出血、脂质渗出、桔红色结节样病灶分别为11只眼(73.3%)、6只眼(40%)、4只眼(26.7%);AMD患者45只眼中视网膜出血、脂质渗出、青灰色病灶、瘢痕形成分别为25只眼(55.6%)、18只眼(40.0%)、20只眼(44.4%)、3只眼(6.77%)。FFA显示PCV患眼脉络膜息肉状结构、出血性色素上皮脱离(PED)、浆液性PED分别为1只眼(6.7%)、7只眼(46.7%)、2只眼(13.3%),ICGA均可见息肉状扩张病灶(100%);FFA显示AMD患眼典型脉络膜新生血管(CNV)、PED分别为5只眼(11.1%)、14只眼(31.1%),ICGA显示CNV23只眼(51.1%),均未见息肉状结构。PCV的OCT表现为视网膜色素上皮及脉络膜内层呈穹窿状向视网膜神经上皮隆起,其下见结节状改变;AMD则显示视网膜色素上皮和脉络膜毛细血管层呈局部梭形或不规则强反射带。结论PCV与湿性AMD不尽相同,可能是AMD的另一种特殊类型,治疗可能应有所不同,有待于进一步研究。     

Indocyanine green angiographic and optical coherence tomographic findings support classification of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy into two types

Purpose: We assessed the characteristic indocyanine green angiographic (ICGA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomographic (SD‐OCT) findings of two types of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), distinguishable by different filling patterns on ICGA. Methods: Thirty‐one eyes with PCV were classified into types 1 and 2 based on ICGA findings of either the presence or absence of both a feeder and a draining vessel. Characteristic ICGA findings were evaluated for each type of PCV. Spectral domain optical coherence tomographic images of the 31 eyes were also used to compare the two types of PCV. Results: Both a feeder and a draining vessel were observed in 13 eyes (type 1). Eighteen eyes had neither feeder nor draining vessels (type 2). In PCV type 1, a break in the highly reflective line thought to be Bruch’s membrane was detected, corresponding to the feeder vessel in‐growth site on SD‐OCT. This line was straight. In PCV type 2, the highly reflective line exhibited irregular thickness and had highly reflective substances adhering to its lower portion. It curved downward and became increasingly obscure, ultimately disappearing at a point corresponding to the site at which network vessel filling began. The mean subfoveal choroidal thicknesses in eyes with PCV type 1 and PCV type 2 were 199 ± 65 and 288 ± 98 μm, respectively. Conclusions: Our observations support the existence of two distinct types of PCV. The first type represents choroidal neovascularization, whilst the second type involves choroidal vasculature abnormalities.     

Comparison of peripapillary capillary plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal nerve fibre layer analysis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma patients,glaucoma suspects,and healthy subjects

Purpose:To assess the association between radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness using spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, glaucoma suspects, and healthy subjects.Methods:In this single-centre cross-sectional observational study, POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy patients underwent OCT-RNFL and optic nerve head angiography scans. The RNFL thickness and the vascular parameters obtained from RPC plexus, including perfusion density (PD), flux index (FI), and vessel density (VD), were analysed.Results:In all, 120 eyes of 120 patients, including 40 POAG patients, 40 glaucoma suspects, and 40 healthy subjects, were included. The pairwise comparison of mean RNFL thickness, FI, and VD showed significant difference (P < 0.001) in all sectors between POAG, glaucoma suspects, and healthy eyes. However, PD showed no significant difference between glaucoma suspects and healthy eyes. The average RNFL thickness was found to have a better diagnostic ability than VD to distinguish POAG eyes from healthy eyes and glaucoma suspects based on receiver operating characteristics curve and area under the curve. VD had better diagnostic accuracy than RNFL when glaucoma suspects and healthy were compared.Conclusion:OCT-RNFL has better diagnostic capability in differentiating glaucoma from healthy eyes compared to OCTA. However, OCTA was found to be better in screening out glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes. The VD is a better OCTA parameter than FI and PD to differentiate POAG and glaucoma suspects from healthy eyes.     

Three-dimensional imaging of pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography, retinal thickness analysis and topographic angiography

Introduction New diagnostic tools such as the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and topographic angiography (TAG) were introduced into clinical ophthalmology during the last years giving the examiner new insights into anatomical and functional aspects of macular disease. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the new imaging methods have been evaluated in patients with serous (sPED) and fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments (fPED) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods TAG, using fluorescein angiography (FA), provides a three-dimensional profile of the fluorescein pattern based on the analysis of a set of 32 confocal images over a depth of 4 mm. RTA and OCT provide cross-sectional images of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium–choriocapillary complex as well as retinal thickness data encoded in a false color map. We compared and evaluated these modalities in 15 patients with fPED and 15 patients with sPED secondary to AMD.Results In patients with classic fPED, TAG detected neovascular structures and delineated their configuration. In sPEDs, pooling of extravascular fluid was detected in a dome-shaped configuration. OCT provided detailed information on the neurosensory retina’s structures but failed to detect the neovascular membrane in fPED. Mapping the retinal thickness, RTA and OCT both failed to detect the PED and showed typical algorithm error-based patterns.Conclusion TAG OCT and RTA are useful imaging modalities in the evaluation of AMD cases. TAG visualizes the vascular configuration, dynamic perfusion, and leakage changes. OCT and RTA are able to complementarily document intra-, subretinal, and sub-RPE fluid accumulation secondary to CNV. However, OCT seems to be more efficient in imaging AMD-related pathologies than RTA, as this modality is often compromised by intra- or subretinal structural abnormalities. Nevertheless, all modalities may provide further valuable insight into AMD pathogenesis, enhance diagnostic quality, and improve the assessment of therapeutic effects.     

OCT和OCTA生物学标志物在糖尿病性黄斑水肿预后和监测中的应用

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)是糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的并发症,也是DR患者视力下降和失明的主要原因。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)作为无创、非侵入性评估视网膜各层微结构和微血管病理改变的主要检查手段,是检测和评估DME的常用方法。随着OCT和OCTA技术的不断发展,各种参数被赋予生物标志物的作用,例如中央凹厚度(CST)、黄斑部平均厚度(CAT)和黄斑部容积(CV)、视网膜内层结构紊乱(DRIL)、高反射灶(HRF)和中央凹下神经视网膜脱落(SND)等,广泛运用于临床。OCT可以直观显示黄斑区视网膜及脉络膜的层次变化和细微结构,而OCTA更常运用于微血管改变。本文就OCT及OCTA相关生物学标志物在DME中预后和监测的作用进行阐述,同时检测结果中可见的生物学标志物可以为DME的监测和治疗策略提供新思路,并为DR和DME的发病机制提供新的见解。     

光动力疗法联合抗血管内皮生长因子治疗息肉状脉络膜血管病变的效果:基于光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）的观察

目的　利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像（optical coherence tomography angiography，OCTA）及频域光学相干断层扫描（optical cohorence tomography，OCT）评估息肉状脉络膜血管病变（polypoid choroidal vasculopathy，PCV）光动力疗法（photodynamic therapy，PDT）联合抗血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）治疗后疗效。方法　回顾性分析PCV患者46例48眼的临床资料，患眼均行荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA）、吲哚菁绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography，ICGA）、OCT及OCTA检查，所有患者按照常规剂量先行PDT治疗，3~5 d内再联合抗VEGF治疗，随访3~24个月。分析并比较PCV治疗前后视力、中央视网膜厚度（central retinal thickness，CRT）的变化，以及治疗前后OCTA上息肉病灶、异常分支血管网（branching vascular network，BVN）的变化。结果　治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月患眼视力均提高，CRT均下降。治疗前最佳矫正视力为（0.50±0.40）logMAR，治疗后24个月为（0.44±0.37）logMAR，差异有统计学意义（t=4.452，P＜0.05）。治疗前CRT为（601.89±183.88）μm，治疗后24个月CRT厚度为（457.54±207.80）μm，差异有统计学意义（t=5.968，P＜0.05）。治疗前48眼中OCTA上息肉病灶检出率70.8%，ICGA上息肉病灶检出率100.0%；34眼联合OCTA检查治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月息肉病灶完全消退率分别为79.4%、78.8%、75.8%和83.3%。治疗前14眼在OCTA检查中未发现息肉病灶，在联合治疗后复查OCT，治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月指状突起消退率分别为71.4%、76.9%、75.0%、87.5%。患者联合治疗OCTA上BVN的面积治疗前为（0.916±0.215）mm²，治疗后3个月、6个月、12个月及24个月分别为（0.823±0.286）mm²、（0.909±0.312）mm²、（1.121±0.389）mm²和（1.672±0.230）mm²。结论　典型的PCV病变在PDT联合抗VEGF治疗后能安全有效地显著改善和稳定患者的视力、降低CRT、促进息肉病灶消退。无创、快速和可重复的OCTA联合OCT可作为联合治疗后评价PCV病情有用的随诊技术。     

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography in the assessment of ocular surface lesions

PurposeDescribe the utility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) to assess ocular surface lesions.MethodsRetrospective, case-control study of 10 eyes of 9 patients with malignant lesions and 23 eyes of 22 patients with benign lesions. Lesions included 13 epithelial, 10 pigmented and 10 lymphoid lesions. Graders performed an average of 3 depth and diameter measurements of peri-lesional vessels entering each lesion on AS-OCTA. Statistical models to assess differences between groups accounted for bilateral eye inclusion and lesion thickness (on AS-OCT). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were performed for each parameter.ResultsIn the benign and malignant groups, age was 49.5 ± 22.4 and 64.3 ± 10.6 years (p = 0.145) with 45% males and 55% males (p = 0.458), in their respective groups. AS-OCTA showed greater peri-lesional vessel depth and diameter in malignant lesions (315.2 ± 73.0 μm, p < 0.001 and 76.4 ± 18.2 μm, p < 0.001; respectively) compared to benign lesions (199.4 ± 34.1 μm and 44.0 ± 9.4 μm, respectively). Malignant lesions showed deep and dilated peri-lesional vessels, which may represent feeder vessels. Vessel depth showed AUC = 0.980, 90.9% sensitivity and 100.0% specificity with a 236.5 μm cutoff. Vessel diameter showed AUC = 0.960, 100.0% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity with a 53.9 μm cutoff.ConclusionAS-OCTA shows greater peri-lesional vessel depth and diameter of malignant lesions compared to benign lesions. This imaging modality provides novel and non-invasive functional vascular parameters that can potentially aid the assessment of ocular surface lesions.     

OCT和OCTA在特发性黄斑前膜术后视力预测中的研究进展

特发性黄斑前膜(IERM)是指一类没有任何已知其他眼病的黄斑前膜,多发于50岁以上的中老年人。随着IERM的进展,会引起黄斑区视网膜结构和功能的改变,引起视力下降、视物变形等症状。目前关于IERM的发病机制尚不明确,手术是主要的治疗方式,但对于手术时机尚未标准化,术后的视力恢复结局也存在差异。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和OCT血管成像(OCTA)作为一种无创、快速的检测手段,可观察黄斑区视网膜微结构和血流变化,已经在临床中广泛应用。利用OCT和OCTA各参数去预测术后视力已经成为IERM的研究热点。本文就OCT与OCTA各参数和IERM术后视力预测的相关研究现状进行综述,以期为临床工作者确定手术时机,权衡手术收益和风险时提供依据。     

中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的OCTA特点及与ICGA的比较分析

目的:通过分析中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(central serous chorioretinopathy, CSC)患者光相干断层扫描血流成像(optical coherence tomography angiography, OCTA)的特点,并比较其与ICGA的差异,来探讨OCTA可否替代ICGA对CSC患者进行诊断,并用以指导PDT治疗.方法:2015-11/2016-03就诊于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院,经眼底荧光血管造影(fluorescein angiography, FFA)及吲哚菁绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)确诊为CSC的患者30例30眼.所有入选病例均行最佳矫正视力(best-corrected visual acuity, BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜、彩色眼底照相、FFA、ICGA及OCTA.采用Heidelberg Spectralis OCT仪器(Spectralis HRA + OCT;Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg)获得FFA及ICGA图像;采用RTVue XR Avanti 仪器(OptovueInc, Fremont),选择6mm×6mm视网膜血流OCT成像模式,获得OCTA图像.仪器自带软件(software ReVue,version 2017.100.0.1;OptovueInc)自动将视网膜和脉络膜进行分层,并对脉络膜毛细血管层进行分析.同时比较CSC患者OCTA与ICGA图像特点,测量ICGA高灌注区最大直径、面积及OCTA高血流信号区最大直径、面积,采用配对t检验来分析OCTA与ICGA最大直径及面积之间的异同.结果:入组30眼CSC患者,有27眼在OCTA中可见明确的高血流信号影,即粗颗粒区;有21眼高血流信号影内可见低血流信号影;有7眼高血流信号影外可见低血流信号晕.OCTA上显示的高血流信号影基本上与ICGA图像中高灌注相对应;ICGA中有22眼高灌注内存在低反射影,其中21眼与OCTA中显示的高血流信号影内低血流信号影相对应;ICGA中有9眼高灌注外存在低反射晕,其中有7眼与OCTA相对应;共有14眼患者ICGA晚期可见渗漏点,所有的渗漏点在OCTA上均未见相应的血流信号变化.ICGA高灌注区的最大直径1.589±0.295mm,面积0.705±0.131mm2;OCTA高血流信号影最大直径1.576±0.293mm,面积0.745±0.138mm2.经配对t检验,ICGA高灌注区的最大直径与OCTA高血流信号影最大直径及两者面积间均无统计学差异.结论:在CSC患者中,OCTA可以清晰显示与ICGA高灌注所对应处的高血流信号影,能部分替代ICGA对CSC患者进行诊断,并指导PDT治疗.     

OCT及OCTA观察垂体腺瘤患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变

目的：应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)及光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)观察垂体腺瘤(PA)患者黄斑区视网膜结构和微循环的改变。

方法：横断面研究。纳入2021-09/2023-03在广东医科大学附属医院神经外科治疗的PA患者40例作为PA组，另选取年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者42例作为正常对照组，均进行视野、OCT和OCTA检查，并分析PA患者眼部参数的相关性。

结果：PA组患者黄斑区视网膜各层血管密度(VD)均低于正常对照组，且黄斑区浅层血管复合体(SVC)-VD与神经节细胞复合体(mGCC)厚度(除内环鼻侧、外环下方)均呈正相关(P<0.05)，黄斑区各象限mGCC厚度、视盘周围各象限视网膜神经纤维层(CP-RNFL)厚度与视野平均缺损(MD)值均呈负相关(P<0.05)，中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积与MD值呈正相关(P<0.05)。

结论：OCT与OCTA检查相结合可以全面了解PA患者视网膜结构和微循环功能的微观变化，对评估PA患者术前视功能具有重要价值。     

En-face optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality providing high-resolution images of the central retina that has completely transformed the field of ophthalmology. While traditional OCT has produced longitudinal cross-sectional images, advancements in data processing have led to the development of en-face OCT, which produces transverse images of retinal and choroidal layers at any specified depth. This offers additional benefit on top of longitudinal cross-sections because it provides an extensive overview of pathological structures in a single image. The aim of this review was to discuss the utility of en-face OCT in the diagnosis and management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). En-face imaging of the inner segment/outer segment junction of retinal photoreceptors has been shown to be a useful indicator of visual acuity and a predictor of the extent of progression of geographic atrophy. En-face OCT has also enabled high-resolution analysis and quantification of pathological structures such as reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and choroidal neovascularization, which have the potential to become useful markers for disease monitoring. En-face Doppler OCT enables subtle changes in the choroidal vasculature to be detected in eyes with RPD and AMD, which has significantly advanced our understanding of their pathogenesis. En-face Doppler OCT has also been shown to be useful for detecting the polypoid lesions and branching vascular networks diagnostic of PCV. It may therefore serve as a noninvasive alternative to fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography for the diagnosis of PCV and other forms of the exudative macular disease.     

青少年型视网膜劈裂症的荧光素眼底血管造影和光相干断层扫描检查

目的 观察青少年型视网膜劈裂症的荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)与光相干断层扫描(0CT)图像特征。 方法 对临床诊断为青少年型视网膜劈裂症的7例14只眼拍摄彩色眼底图像，其中5例10只眼进行FFA检查，6例12只眼进行黄斑部OCT检查。 结果检眼镜检查黄斑部有微囊样改变的8只眼FFA表现为分布不均的颗粒状透见荧光，部分密集呈条状或块状，形态与眼底表现的微囊样改变无确定对应性；眼底检查2只眼黄斑部表现为色素紊乱者，FFA表现为斑驳状荧光；3只眼颞下方劈裂的视网膜FFA表现为程度不同的毛细血管扩张，片状无灌注区，劈裂起始处可见斑驳状荧光。OCT检查显示黄斑部神经上皮层增厚，层间分离，呈大小不等的囊样低反光区。 结论 青少年型视网膜劈裂症黄斑部视网膜劈裂处有色素上皮的增生与脱失，FFA表现为颗粒状透见荧光，OCT表现为囊样低反光区。 （中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：5-7）