脉冲多普勒组织成像技术结合小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷试验评估存活心肌的临床研究

目的:多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图法广泛用于评估心肌存活性,但该方法有一定主观局限性,同时应用脉冲组织多普勒成像技术(PW-TDI)将提供更多的客观依据。方法:30例陈旧性心肌梗死的患者(57±9)岁应用小剂量[10μg/(kg·min)]多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图法及组织多普勒成像技术观察心肌存活性。TDI测量静息及小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷时左室壁16节段的收缩期峰值心肌运动速度。计算收缩期峰值心肌运动速度在静息及负荷时的绝对和相对变化值。结果:85节段根据测量结果被分为存活心肌和坏死心肌。此两类心肌的峰值运动速度由静息到负荷的绝对增加有显著差别[(2.85±2.20)cm/s和(1.16±1.18)cm/s,P<0.01]。结论:负荷超声心动图法结合组织多普勒成像技术能区分心肌的存活性,两者相互补充。     

Pulse tissue Doppler analysis of tricuspid annular motion in Iranian children

Background Quantitative assessment of right ventricular (RV) function has been difficult to assess non-invasively secondary to its non-geometric shape and respiratory-variable filling. With recent improvements in ultrasound equipment we are now able to study myocardial velocity changes, which is known as tissue Doppler imaging.Objectives To define normal indices of tricuspid pulse tissue Doppler echocardiography imaging in children and infants.Methods We enrolled 100 healthy children with the age of 1 month-15 year old who were referred for echocardiography and had no cardiac lesion in primary echocardiography evaluations. Pulse tissue Doppler images of the lateral tricuspid annular motion were recorded using 4-chamber apical view. Simultaneous electrocardiography was used to correct annular motion time with electrical events.Results Among our patients 9 were under 1 year, 46 between 10 and 15, 36 between 5 and 10, and 9 between 10 and 15. Infants had decreased peak early diastolic annular velocities and early diastolic annular velocity-to-diastolic annular velocity at atrial contraction ratios compared with the older group. Isovolumic relaxation time difference was not significant between two different groups. In this group of patients, deceleration time and isovolumic contraction time were lower too.Conclusion In this study we found out normal values for systolic and diastolic indices of pulse TDI imaging of tricuspid valve in Iranian healthy children. This can be a basis for RV function studies in different congenital cardiac disease.     

Systo-diastolic ventricular function in patients with hypertension: an echocardiographic tissue doppler imaging evaluation study

Background Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has evolved to become a useful non invasive method that can complement other echocardiographic techniques in the assessment of left ventricular function in different clinical conditions. Spectral pulsed TDI can provide measurements of regional systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities and is particularly useful in detecting abnormalities of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. We investigated the presence of systo-diastolic dysfunction in patients (pts) with hypertension compared with pts affected by hypertensive cardiomyopathy and normal control subjects. Methods We evaluated 214 pts with traditional echocardiography and TDI: 69 normal control subjects (Group A); 145 pts with hypertension, divided according to base echocardiographic evaluation in 74 with no evidence of hypertensive cardiomyopathy (diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy, Group B), and 71 with evidence of hypertensive cardiomyopathy (Group C). Pts groups were matched for age, sex, heart rate, smoking status and body surface area. Results There were no significant differences in ventricular diameters, volumes, shortening and ejection fraction values; TDI showed a progressive systolic wave peak reduction from Group A to B and from Group B to C. Routinely Doppler diastolic function did not show any significant difference between Group A and B; TDI showed progressive E wave peak velocity decrease and A wave peak velocity increase from Group A to B and C and from Group B to C. Conclusions TDI evaluation showed a ventricular systolic dysfunction in pts with hypertensive cardiomyopathy; in addition, an early mild systo-diastolic dysfunction was detected in subjects with hypertension but no evidence of hypertensive cardiomyopathy.     

多普勒组织成像评价风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者左心室长轴收缩功能

目的探讨多普勒组织成像(DTI)技术评价风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(MS)患者左心室长轴收缩功能的临床意义.方法选取单纯性MS患者67例,根据射血分数(EF)将MS患者分为EF正常MS组57例,其EF＞50%,EF减低MS组10例,其EF≤50%,另选健康志愿者50例作为对照组,应用DTI检测MS组和对照组的二尖瓣环收缩期峰值运动速度(SM)、收缩期位移(DS)、收缩前期时间(PCTM)、收缩时间(CTM),并计算PCTM/CTM比值.结果 SM及DS在对照组、EF正常MS组和EF减低MS组呈逐渐减小,EF正常MS组和EF减低MS组显著小于对照组(P<0.01),且EF减低MS组显著小于EF正常MS组(P<0.01).PCTM/CTM比值在3组间呈逐渐增大,EF正常MS组和EF减低MS组大于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且EF减低MS组大于EF正常MS组(P<0.05).左心室长轴收缩功能异常发生率在EF正常MS组和减低MS组分别为60.2%和100%(P<0.01).直线相关分析显示,SM、DS和PCTM/CTM比值与二尖瓣口面积(MVA)低度相关(分别为r=0.48,P<0.01;r=0.35,P<0.01;r=-0.26, P<0.05).结论在左心室短轴收缩功能减低之前,MS患者已经存在左心室长轴收缩功能障碍,应用DTI检测左心室长轴收缩功能对MS患者心功能的全面评估具有重要价值.     

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Interventricular Delay of Activation and Correlation to the QRS Width in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The aim of the study was to define criteria for left ventricular pacing in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using an echocardiographic evaluation of interventricular electromechanical delay (IMD) and a correlation of IMD to QRS duration. Standard 12-lead ECG and echocardiography with pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) were recorded in 35 DCM patients (mean age 58 +/- 11 years) with QRS duration from narrow (80 ms) to broad (222 ms) patterns. The timefor left ventricular activation was evaluated from the onset of QRS to the onset of aortic flow (Q-Ao) by standard pulsed Doppler (SP) or to the onset of mitral annulus systolic wave (Q-Mit) (DTI). The time for right ventricular activation was determinedfrom the onset of QRS to the onset of pulmonary flow (Q-Pulm) (SP) or to the onset of tricuspid annulus systolic wave (Q-Tri) (DTI). (Q-Ao)-(Q-Pulm) and (Q-Mit)-(Q-Tri) determined IMD for each method, respectively. QRS width and IMD showed correlation coefficients of r = 0.86 ([Q-Ao]-[Q-Pulm]) and r = 0.82 ([Q-Mit]-[Q-Tri]) (P < or = 0.001 ). Mean IMD of 77 +/- 15 ms (SP) and 88 +/- 26 ms (DTI) were noted for QRS width above 150 ms. Left ventricle delayed activation was positively correlated to QRS widening with both methods, (r = 0.90, [Q-Ao]), (r = 0.83, [Q-Mit]) (P < or = 0.001). In conclusion, QRS duration is a good marker of an interventricular mechanical asynchrony. According to IMD correction, left ventricular pacing may be mainly proposed to symptomatic DCM patients with QRS duration > 150 ms.     

多普勒组织成像对正常人左室功能分析

目的：本文应用多普勒组织成像（DTI）脉冲技术检测正常人左室局部运动功能,并将DTI测得局部舒张速度与左室整体舒张功能检测方法行相关性分析。方法：经心尖显示左心长轴切面,运用多普勒技术获取舒张期二尖瓣血流频谱,测量E峰和A峰速度,转换DTI速度图模式,将取样容积分别放置左室中部乳头肌水平的前间值速度。结果：左室后壁收缩和舒张速度均高于前间壁测值,两者之间存在显著性差异,按年龄分级对比发现：收缩期峰值速度在不同年龄组无显著性差异。但舒张早期速度和舒张晚期速度在不同年龄组间比较均有显著性差异。年龄瑟DTI测值相关性分析表明：随着年龄增加,舒张早期和晚期峰值速度比值（VE/VA)变小。结论：随着年龄增大,正常人室壁主动松弛功能减低,心肌顺应性下降,舒张早期充盈减少。DTI能定量测定室壁运动速度,可更精确反映收缩和舒张功能变化。     

Doppler Tissue Imaging Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function at Rest and During Dobutamine Infusion in Patients After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

Background Reliable, non-invasive evaluation of right ventricular function, especially in congenital heart disease, is challenging. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) parameters of lateral tricuspid annular motion, mean rate of pressure rise during RV contraction (mean dP/dt) and indexed right ventricular (RV) stroke volume (RVSVi) as RV function indices in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods DTI evaluation was performed in 25 repaired-TOF patients, aged 11 ± 6, at rest and during dobutamine infusion and 20 controls at rest. Results TOF patients had lower (P < 0.05) peak systolic velocity (Sa) (11.4 ± 4 vs. 13.7 ± 3.1 cm/s), early diastolic velocity (Ea) (11 ± 3.1 vs. 16.3 ± 3.5 cm/s) and Sa/time from onset of QRS to Sa (Sa/Q–Sa)␣(68.8 ± 26.4 vs.␣92.3 ± 29.4 cm/s²) versus controls. Dobutamine increased (P < 0.01) Sa (11.4 ± 2.8–17.7 ± 4.7 cm/s), Ea (11 ± 3.1–15.6 ± 3.9 cm/s), late diastolic velocity (Aa) (8.4 ± 2–14.8 ± 5 cm/s), Sa/Q–Sa (68.8 ± 26.4–17 6.8 ± 84.5 cm/s²), mean dP/dt (180 ± 74–537 ± 37 2 mmHg/s), and RVSVi (7.8 ± 3.9–11.9 ± 5.6 L/min/m²). RVSVi increase correlated (P < 0.01) with that in Sa (r = 0.6), Ea (r = 0.5), Sa/Q–Sa (r = 0.71), and mean dP/dt (r = 0.57) while mean dP/dt increase correlated strongly with Sa/Q–Sa increase (r = 0.88). Conclusion DTI evaluation of tricuspid annular motion during dobutamine infusion in repaired TOF correlates with dP/dt and RV stroke volume and may help in assessing RV function and reserve.     

组织多普勒评价高血压患者的左室舒张功能

目的:应用组织多普勒与左室舒张末压对比评价高血压患者左室舒张功能,探讨组织多普勒评价左室舒张功能的临床价值。方法:50例高血压患者,分为左室肥厚组与非左室肥厚组,选取23例健康人作为对照组,分别行超声多普勒及组织多普勒检查,多普勒超声测量二尖瓣口舒张早期充盈速度(E)和舒张晚期充盈速度(A)及E/A,组织多普勒模式测量二尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度(Ve)、舒张晚期运动速度(Va)和Ve/Va,以及用猪尾导管直接测量左室舒张末压。结果:与对照组相比,高血压组的Ve/Va显著减小(P<0.05),且左室肥厚组的Ve/Va比非左室肥厚组减小的更为明显(P<0.05)。室间隔厚度与Ve/Va、E/A呈负相关(r分别为-0.77和-0.70,P<0.05),Ve/Va与室间隔厚度的相关性明显高于E/A与室间隔厚度的相关性。结论:组织多普勒可作为评价高血压左室舒张功能的可靠方法。     

多普勒组织成像技术评价尿毒症患者左室舒缩功能的临床研究

目的 :采用脉冲多普勒组织成像技术 (PW- DTI)观察尿毒症患者二尖瓣环运动 ,定量分析其左室舒缩功能。方法 :2 0例健康人 ,35例尿毒症患者均行常规脉冲多普勒超声 (PW)及脉冲 DTI检查。采用 PW获得二尖瓣口血流 E、 A及 E/ A;DTI分析二尖瓣环 4个位点的 DTI平均指标 :峰值收缩速度 (VS)、收缩时间速度积分 (TVIS)、舒张早期速度 (VA)、舒张晚期速度 (VE)、 VE/ VA 比值。结果 :尿毒症患者与健康人比较 ,二尖瓣环 4个位点平均 VS、TVIS显著降低 (7.92± 1 .2 9和 9.2 3± 1 .1 8;P<0 .0 5与 1 .2 7± 0 .1 0和 1 .61± 0 .0 3;P<0 .0 5) ,VE、 VE/ VA 亦显著降低 (7.1 6± 4.1 6和 1 0 .69± 2 .1 5;P<0 .0 1与 0 .73± 0 .0 4和 1 .2 4± 0 .0 2 ;P<0 .0 1 ) ;对尿毒症患者 VE/ VA 比值组成分析 ,部分 E/ A>1患者 VE/ VA<1。结论 :脉冲 DTI可定量分析尿毒症患者心脏舒缩功能 ,为尿毒症患者合理治疗措施的选择及预后判断提供新的定量指标     

Tissue Doppler, a fundamental tool for parametric imaging

Tissue Doppler has been used for clinical applications since 1989. It has been developed from a pulsed Doppler acquisition tool towards a method where extraction of velocities can be performed from colour-coded images. This has introduced a further development into different forms of parametric images describing different myocardial functions as colour-coded information, like deformation imaging, motion imaging and phase imaging. The technical requirements have been established with temporal requirements of frame rates in acquisition exceeding 100 frames s(-1). The most powerful application of the tissue Doppler technique today is perhaps to quantify the myocardial functional reserve, during stress echocardiography, making the method applicable to diagnose the presence of coronary disease with an accuracy exceeding that of nuclear and other non-invasive techniques. The method has also great potential for future developments with introduction of more regional measuring variables.     

二维斑点追踪技术对H型及非H型原发性高血压患者心脏机能的对比研究

目的：应用二维斑点追踪技术对 H 型高血压及非 H 型原发性高血压患者心脏机能进行对比性研究。方法 H 型高血压组49例,非 H 型原发性高血压组43例,以及正常对照组60例,分别对观察者的左心室射血分数、左心房内径、左心室内径,16节段室壁的纵向应变,径向应变,环状应变进行测量。结果 H 型高血压组及非 H 型高血压组与对照组纵向应变、径向应变及环状应变差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05),纵向应变的变化较为明显;H 型高血压组与非 H 型高血压组之间比较,部分室壁的纵向应变、径向应变及环状应变差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 H 型高血压及非 H 型高血压均可引起心脏收缩功能的减低,且 H 型高血压更为明显,说明高同型半胱氨酸对冠状动脉的损害更为明显。     

脉冲组织多普勒成像对冠心病诊断价值的研究

目的探讨脉冲组织多普勒成像技术评价非心肌梗死的冠心病患者冠脉病变的价值。方法选择临床诊断冠心病或可疑冠心病而行冠脉造影检查的患者75例。其中25例除外冠心病者为对照组,冠脉造影证实左前降支病变的冠心病患者50例,依据狭窄程度不同分为轻、中、重三组。所有入选者在行冠脉造影检查前行前降支供血相关室壁节段（即左室前壁、前间隔）心肌组织多普勒成像技术检查,测量收缩期峰值运动速度（VS）、舒张早期运动峰速度（VE）、舒张晚期运动峰速度（VA）以及舒张早晚期速度比值（VE/VA）等速度指标,并分别比较结果。结果随着冠脉狭窄程度加重,大部分前降支供血节段心肌的VS、VE和VE/VA显示有统计学意义的逐渐下降。以冠脉造影为金标准,对VS判断前降支中重度狭窄的价值进行分析发现,对于前壁基底段,以VS≤7.5cm/s为诊断标准,诊断准确性较高,其敏感性为80%,特异性为97%;在前间壁基底段以VS≤7.0cm/s作为标准,诊断的敏感性为76%,特异性为92%,诊断的准确性也高。结论脉冲组织多普勒成像对冠心病患者冠脉狭窄病变的诊断有肯定的价值。同时建议,在前壁、前间壁基底段以VS≤7.0cm/s作为前降支可能存在中度以上狭窄性病变的判断依据。     

彩色多普勒组织成像对室性心律紊乱异位起搏点定位的研究

本文应用彩色多普勒组织成像（ＤＴＩ）新技术，与心电图同步，对２６例室性心律紊乱患者的心肌显像作了初步研究，并与患者正常窦性心律的心肌显像作图像回放比较。发现当心电图上出现室性早搏或短阵室性心动过速时，ＤＴＩ可同步显示早搏起源部收缩期高于其他部位心室肌运动的某一黄色亮点区，平均速度可达０．１０～０．２１ｍ／ｓ。而正常窦性心律时此亮点区则消失，运动速度低于０．０５ｍ／ｓ，表现了异位起搏使该处心肌发生提前灌注的特征。此亮点区所在部位与心电图判断的室性异位起源部位相吻合，且更为具体。提示ＤＴＩ直观反映了室性异位心律的确切起源部位及异位搏动前后心肌运动状况，为临床无创诊断异位起搏点及病灶、治疗与监测预后提供了一项新的手段。     

多普勒组织成像技术对右心起搏器电除极状态的研究

目的 应用ＤＴＩ技术分析评价安置右心起搏器患者的异常电除极状态。方法：研究人群５８例,分为三组,Ａ组为２０例近期安装ＶＶＩ型或ＤＤＤ型右心起搏器的患者;Ｂ组为１８例心电图证实为完全性左束支传导阻滞的患者,Ｃ组则为正常心电图的健康人群２０例。结果：１．ＤＴＡ图显示：①除极起源：Ａ组的心室除极源于右室心尖部,与Ｃ组有显著差异;②除极顺序：胸骨旁心腔心切面Ａ组加速度变化顺序为右室前壁心尖－右室前壁中部、     

DTI对原发性高血压所致不同左室构型改变的舒缩运动模式的评价

目的：应用多普勒组织成像技术（DTI）探测室壁各节段的运动速度,以评价原发性高血压所致不同左室构型改变时,左室舒缩运动模式是否相应发生改变。方法：依照Ganau分类法将原发性高血压患者的左室构型分为四型,分别由心尖部位三个切面测量并比较六个室壁基底段、中间段、心尖段三节段的峰值运动速度。结果：正常左室构型组与正常对照组相似,基底段运动速度最快,中间段其次,心尖段最慢。向心性重构组,左室构型趋向椭圆形改变,其三节段运动速度之间比较结果与正常对照组相似,向心性肥厚组,心室形态趋向球形改变,室壁中间段与心尖段运动速度趋近于一致,离心性肥大组,心室形态更接近于球形,室壁三节段运动速度趋势近于一致。结论：上述结果提示,当左室构型趋向球形改变时,左室收缩重心可能已由心底与心尖连线距心底69%的部位逐步移向心室中央。     

多普勒组织显像定位心室除极起始点的准确性

为了确定多普勒组织显像（ＤＴＩ）评价心室除极起始点的准确性，使用了两种起搏方法。２例有阵发性室上性心动过速的患者和２０例安置ＶＶＩ永久起搏器的患者，分别被施以食道调搏和心室起搏术。在左心室和右心室各切面显示清楚时，重叠多普勒组织显像加速度模式两维图像。当食道调搏电极或心室起搏电极释放刺激脉冲电流时，观察心室壁加速度改变的起始位置。结果发现：心室壁加速度改变起始点位置与食道调搏和心室起搏电极位置的吻合率在左右心室分别均为１００％。说明多普勒组织显像加速度模式能准确显示心室壁加速度改变的起始位置，从而间接反映心室壁的除极起始点和传导顺序。     

多普勒组织显像检测系统性红斑狼疮左室舒缩功能的应用价值

目的 :探讨多普勒组织成像 (DTI)评价系统性红斑狼疮 (SL E)左室舒缩功能的临床价值。方法 :用脉冲多普勒组织成像测定系统性红斑狼疮患者的室壁运动速度并与对照组比较。结果 :DTI显示 SL E患者和正常组的心肌层及内膜运动方向相同 ,但速度测值降低 ,收缩期的 s峰及舒张期的 e峰、a峰均小于对照组 (p<0 .0 5 ) ,提示 SL E患者心肌及心内膜受累致舒缩功能减退。结论 :DTI可检出 SL E所致的早期心功能改变。可作为评价狼疮性心肌受损的程度及监测病情变化的重要手段