快速康复外科理念在腹腔镜肝切除术围术期应用的Meta分析

目的:系统评价快速康复(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在腹腔镜肝切除术围术期的应用疗效。方法:检索Pub Med、Embase、The Cochrane Library等数据库中腹腔镜肝切除术围术期应用ERAS的对照试验文献,检索截至2017年3月,采用Rev Man 5.3进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入8项研究、580例患者。与对照组相比,ERAS组住院时间(MD=-3.31,95%CI:-3.95~-2.67,P<0.01)、术后首次排气时间(MD=-0.51,95%CI:-0.91~-0.12,P=0.01)、术后首次进食时间(SMD=-1.79,95%CI:-3.19~-0.38,P=0.01)缩短,术后并发症发生率(OR=0.34,95%CI:0.15~0.75,P<0.01)、住院费用(MD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.02~-0.33,P<0.01)降低;两组手术时间、术中失血及输血情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜肝切除术围术期应用ERAS理念可明显降低术后并发症发生率与住院费用,加快术后康复,值得临床推广应用。     

加速康复外科在腹腔镜肝切除术围手术期应用的Meta分析

目的:系统评价加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念在腹腔镜肝切除术围手术期的应用价值。方法:检索Pub Med、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、Sino Med、万方、维普、中国知网等数据库,文献检索起止时间均从建库至2017年7月。对纳入文献进行质量评价与数据提取,应用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:纳入9篇文献,其中随机对照研究2篇,病例对照研究7篇;共收集694例患者,其中ERAS组354例,对照组340例。相较对照组,ERAS组住院时间(WMD=-2.55,95%CI:-2.95~-2.15,P0.05)、功能康复时间(WMD=-3.39,95%CI:-4.32~-2.45,P0.05)、首次排气时间(SMD=-1.56,95%CI:-2.41~-0.71,P0.05)均缩短;并发症发生率降低(OR=0.40,95%CI:0.27~0.60,P0.05);住院费用明显减少(SMD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.55~-0.44,P0.05);而手术时间(WMD=-4.29,95%CI:-17.62~9.05,P0.05)、术中出血量(WMD=-22.09,95%CI:-70.52~26.35,P0.05)差异无统计学意义。结论:快速康复外科理念应用于腹腔镜肝切除术围手术期是安全、有效的,值得推广。     

Risk factors for perioperative morbidity and mortality after extended hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Extended hepatectomy with resection of more than four segments is a high-risk operation, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic liver disease. This study evaluated the risk factors for morbidity and mortality following extended hepatectomy for HCC. METHODS: Preoperative and intraoperative variables of 155 patients who underwent extended hepatectomy for HCC were analysed to identify risk factors for postoperative morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The overall morbidity rate was 55.5 per cent (n = 86). Most morbidity was due to ascites or pleural effusion. Significant life-threatening complications occurred in 20.0 per cent (n = 31). The perioperative mortality rate was 8.4 per cent (n = 13). Multivariate analysis found that portal clamping (P = 0.023) and perioperative blood transfusion (P < 0.001) were risk factors for morbidity, whereas perioperative blood transfusion (P < 0.001) was the only risk factor for significant morbidity. Co-morbid illness (P = 0.019) and perioperative blood transfusion (P = 0.004) were risk factors for perioperative mortality. CONCLUSION: Meticulous operative techniques to minimize blood loss and transfusion, while avoiding a prolonged Pringle manoeuvre, may help reduce postoperative morbidity. Avoidance of perioperative blood transfusion and careful preoperative selection of patients in terms of overall physiological status are important measures to reduce the postoperative mortality rate.     

加速康复外科策略对肝切除术患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)策略对肝切除术患者术后早期认知功能的影响。方法筛选96例原发性肝癌择期行肝部分切除术患者,随机分为两组,每组48例。C组实施常规围术期处理及麻醉方法,ERAS组实施ERAS策略对围术期处理及麻醉方法进行优化。于术前1d(T0)、术后1d(T4)、3d(T5)、7d(T6)应用简易智能量表(MMSE)评估两组患者认知功能,于T0、术后30min(T1)、6h(T2)、12h(T3)、T4取患者静脉血检测血清S100β蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量和IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α表达量。结果与C组比较,T4、T5时ERAS组MMSE评分明显升高,T1、T2时S100β蛋白、IL-1β、IL-6明显降低,T2、T3时NSE明显降低,T1~T3时TNF-α明显降低(P0.05)。与T0时比较,T4、T5时C组患者MMSE评分明显降低,T4时ERAS组MMSE评分明显降低(P0.05)。两组T1~T3时S100β蛋白明显升高,T2~T4时NSE含量明显升高,T1~T4时IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α表达量均明显升高(P0.05)。结论 ERAS策略应用于肝癌肝切除术患者可改善患者术后认知功能,其机制可能与降低患者术后血清中S100β蛋白、NSE、IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α的含量有关。     

促进术后恢复综合方案在结直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的评价促进术后恢复综合方案（ERAS）在结直肠癌根治性手术中的作用。方法复旦大学附属中山医院普通外科结直肠专业组于2006年9月1日至2007年2月27日收治的符合人选标准的结直肠癌手术患者74例，被随机分为ERAS组和对照组。评价手术前后的应激指标、营养和代谢状况、术中肠道情况、术后恢复、并发症发生率、平均住院天数和住院费用。结果研究过程中，有6例中途出组。实际ERAS组34例，对照组34例；两组性别、年龄、BMI指数和结直肠原发疾病以及手术类型等具可比性。ERAS组胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）变化幅度低于对照组，但各点的HOMA—IR指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；术中ERAS组胰高血糖素水平高于对照组（P〈0．05）；术后第1天皮质醇水平低于对照组（P〈0．05），血糖水平明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）；术中和术后第1、2天三酰甘油水平明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组术前氮平衡差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），手术当天和术后第6天ERAS组负氮平衡明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），但术后第2天ERAS组负氮平衡明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ERAS组术后排气和排便时间、恢复进食时间、每天离床时间和活动时间、住院天数和并发症发生率等均明显好于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。ERAS组手术后住院费用明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论ERAS方案整合围手术期一系列干预措施，减少机体创伤应激反应．促进结直肠癌患者术后早日康复疗效显著；且安全可行，并可减少术后并发症的发生。     

Usefulness of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for perioperative management following open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm

Purpose

To achieve early recovery and early discharge from the hospital by applying an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, which is mainly used with colonic surgery, for the perioperative management of open AAA surgery.

Method

One hundred twenty-seven open AAA surgery cases successfully carried out between 2003 and 2011 were included in this study. The ERAS protocol was used for the cases from April 2008 onward, and we performed a comparison of the conventionally treated cases with ERAS cases regarding the start of postoperative oral consumption, the postoperative hospital stay, and hospitalization medical costs.

Results

The time to restarting oral consumption and the postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter for the ERAS group (n?=?52) compared to the conventionally managed group (n?=?75); with values of 59?±?15 and 93?±?25?h (p?=?0.021), 9?±?3 and 16?±?5?days (p?=?0.001), respectively. The medical costs for the ERAS group were 92?% of the costs of the conventionally managed group.

Conclusion

Use of the ERAS protocol for the perioperative management of open AAA surgery shortened the time before recommencing oral consumption, the postoperative hospital stay, and reduced the medical costs compared to the conventional approach.     

早期功能锻炼路径在肝切除患者术后加速康复中的应用

目的 探讨早期功能锻炼路径在肝切除患者术后加速康复应用中的安全性和有效性.方法 选取安徽省立医院肝脏外科2014年12月-2015年8月原发性肝癌行肝切除治疗的患者共50例,根据数字表法随机分为2组,实验组(早期功能锻炼组)和对照组(传统早期活动组),每组均25例,比较两组患者术后住院时间、住院费用、并发症发病率、术后疼痛评分、术后下床活动时间和肠道通气时间.符合正态分析的计量资料以(x±s)表示,组间比较采用f检验,计数资料比较采用x2检验.结果 实验组术后住院时间(7.00±2.27)d,少于对照组(9.36±4.58) d(t =3.090,P=0.003);住院费用实验组(28 184.57±8 675.65)元,低于对照组(32 867.26±10 694.11)元(t=2.281,P=0.025);与对照组比较,实验组患者一般并发症发病率低和总体并发症发病率更低;肠道恢复时间实验组(36.56 h)早于对照组(45.24 h)(均P＜0.05).结论 早期功能锻炼路径在肝切除患者术后加速康复锻炼应用中安全、有效,可以减少患者术后住院时间与住院费用,降低一般并发症发病率,加快肠道功能恢复.     

加速康复外科理念在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术 围手术期的应用体会

目的:评估腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中实施加速康复外科(ERAS)相关管理措施的可行性与安全性。方法:收集2018年5月至2018年10月行腹腔镜胰体尾切除术61例患者的临床资料,根据是否实施ERAS相关管理措施分为ERAS组(n=31)与对照组(n=30)。对照组接受常规围手术期治疗与护理方案,ERAS组施行ERAS相关管理措施,包括多模式镇痛,术后早期下床活动,早期拔除胃管、尿管及腹腔引流管,早期进食等。对比分析两组术后临床数据、并发症发生率等情况。结果:ERAS组术后首次饮水时间、首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后疼痛评分、胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后首次进食时间、胃管拔除时间、尿管拔除时间、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间等均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在腹腔镜胰体尾切除术中实施ERAS相关管理措施安全、有效,可加速患者术后胃肠道功能的恢复,早日下床活动,缩短住院时间,值得临床推广。     

No impact of perioperative blood transfusion on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy

Background  

Although several studies have shown that perioperative blood transfusion is a poor prognostic factor of outcome after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the impact of perioperative blood transfusion on the prognosis of HCC remains unknown.     

加速康复外科在老年心脏瓣膜手术患者的应用

目的:探讨加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)方案应用于CPB下老年心脏瓣膜手术患者的安全性和有效性。方法:前瞻性入组因心脏瓣膜病择期行CPB下瓣膜成形或置换手术的老年住院患者,按随机数字表法分为ERAS组(22例)和对照组(28例),ERAS组患者接受ERAS方案进行围手术期管理,对照组患者接受常规围手术期处理。对比两组患者住院时间、ICU停留时间、术后气管导管带管时间、舒芬太尼用量、苏醒时间、术后红细胞悬液用量、术后Hb、术后首次通便时间、术后血管活性药物使用时间以及术后引流管拔除时间、术后VAS评分、住院费用和术后不良事件发生情况。结果:与对照组比较,ERAS组患者住院时间、ICU停留时间、术后气管导管带管时间、苏醒时间、术后首次通便时间、术后血管活性药物使用时间和术后引流管拔除时间均较短,其中ICU停留时间、术后气管导管带管时间、苏醒时间、术后首次通便时间和术后引流管拔除时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组患者舒芬太尼用量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ERAS组患者术后不良事件发生情况较对照组低(P<0.05)。两组患者术后红细胞悬液用量、术后Hb、术后VAS评分、住院费用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)结论:ERAS方案可以安全、有效地应用于实施CPB手术的老年心脏瓣膜手术患者。     

Estimation of prognosis after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The preferred means of treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma is surgical resection. However, the tumour recurrence rate is high. Accurate estimation of the risk of tumour recurrence after hepatectomy may facilitate the administration of adjuvant therapy after hepatectomy to patients with a high likelihood of tumour recurrence. METHODS: The clinical and pathological profiles of 176 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma from March 1992 to August 1998 were reviewed. The Kaplan--Meier method and log rank test were used to analyse univariate prognostic factors. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis. Disease-free and overall cumulative survival rates were estimated with respect to the number of prognostic factors. RESULTS: Independent factors associated with a lower disease-free survival included the presence of venous infiltration, presence of daughter tumours, absence of tumour encapsulation and tumour size exceeding 5 cm. Factors decreasing the overall survival rate included the presence of venous infiltration, absence of tumour encapsulation and surgical resection margin less than 1 cm. The 1-year disease-free survival rate decreased from 77.5(s.e. 5.6) to 14.0(8.5) per cent when the number of risk factors present increased from zero to three. The 5-year survival rate decreased from 60.2(11.7) per cent to zero when the number of risk factors increased from zero to three. CONCLUSION: The deterioration of disease-free or overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy correlates with increasing number of risk factors. The number of risk factors can be employed to accurately estimate disease-free and overall survival.     

加速康复外科在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术围手术期管理中的临床应用

目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术围手术期管理中的临床应用价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2019年1月收治的168例行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的患者,采用随机数字法分为ERAS组与对照组,ERAS组围手术期采取ERAS措施,对照组采取常规围手术期处理。对比分析两组术后恢复情况、术后并发症发生情况、术后住院时间、住院费用、再次手术率及病死率。结果:ERAS组首次肛门排气时间、进食时间、胃管留置时间、腹腔引流管与尿管拔除时间、疼痛、住院费用、身体质量指数优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术后总体并发症发生率、胰瘘与腹腔出血情况、再手术、再入院、病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应用ERAS措施可促进患者术后快速康复,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,安全性高。     

胃癌围手术期加速康复外科的实施策略

加速康复外科（ERAS）理念自诞生至今,深刻地影响了外科、麻醉、护理等专业领域。胃癌围手术期ERAS的顺利实施需要提升医务人员对ERAS的认知和接受度,积极开展多学科协作,加强宣教以提高患者的依从性,逐步将核心措施纳入临床路径以强化落实。未来仍需努力摸索适合中国国情的胃癌围手术期ERAS实施策略。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症围手术期加速康复外科理念临床应用研究

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症围手术期加速康复外科(ERAS)理念应用的安全性和有效性。方法随机将2015-06—2017-12间河南中医药大学第一附属医院普通外科收治的56例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者分为传统治疗组和ERAS组,比较2组患者术后康复指标及应激指标。结果 ERAS组术后首次排气时间、管道留置时间及进食时间均较传统组提前;术后住院时间、费用及腹胀、深静脉血栓形成、切口感染、顽固性低蛋白血症等并发症发生率和疼痛评分、白细胞及C反应蛋白等应激等指标,均显著优于传统组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ERAS应用于肝硬化门静脉高压症围术期管理,可减轻术后应激,加速患者术后康复进程。     

Laparoscopic hepatectomy: new approach for hepatocellular carcinoma

This article presents the rationale for the laparoscopic approach to liver surgery, showing the technique of fully endoscopic and endoscopic-assisted formal and wedge hepatic resections. The early results are comparable to those of conventional surgery, with the benefits derived from minimal access surgery. Laparoscopic liver resections are technically feasible, with an acceptable morbidity and mortality rate, but extensive experience in conventional liver surgery, advanced laparoscopic surgery, and the availability of all requested technologies are indispensable prerequisites. Received for publication on Jan. 17, 2000; accepted on April 1, 2000     

Elevated perioperative transaminase level predicts intrahepatic recurrence in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma after curative hepatectomy

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the role of elevated perioperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as a surrogate marker of hepatitis activity in determining the risk of recurrence and survival in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative hepatectomy. METHODS: A retrospective review of the hepatectomy database was performed and 142 patients were found who had hepatitis B-related HCC from January 2001 to March 2006. Their ALT levels preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively were recorded. The risk factors for recurrence and prognostic factors of survival were analysed. RESULTS: An elevated perioperative ALT level (p = 0.021), multiple tumour nodules in the resected specimen (p < 0.001), and a tumour size greater than 5 cm (p = 0.001) were significant independent risk factors for tumour recurrence. The latter two factors were also independent prognostic factors for overall survival and disease-free survival. An elevated ALT level was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION: An elevated perioperative ALT level, which reflects increased hepatitis activity, is an independent risk factor for intrahepatic recurrence of hepatitis B-related HCC. It is also associated with a poorer disease-free survival rate.     

加速康复外科技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除围术期的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)理念在腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)围术期的临床应用价值。方法选取2013年9月至2016年9月收治的80例行LC的患者,随机将其分为加速康复组(ERAS组)和对照组,对照组患者围术期采用传统处理方案,ERAS组患者围术期采用加速康复外科处理方案。采用SPSS 18.0软件进行统计学分析,术后并发症发生率等计数资料采用χ2检验分析;术后首次下床活动、进食、通气时间、住院天数和总费用等计量资料用(x珋±s)表示,采用t检验,P0.05差异有统计学意义。结果 ERAS组与对照组比较:术后并发症发生率明显降低[8.8%比29.4%,P0.01];术后首次下床活动时间[(9.3±2.1)比(15.3±3.2)h,P0.01]、进食时间[(20.5±7.8)比(31.3±9.7)h,P0.01]、通气时间[(10.6±4.5)比(12.9±5.1)h,P0.05]明显提前,术后住院天数显著缩短[(5.5±1.3)比(7.4±1.5)d,P0.01],住院治疗总费用显著下降[(10 573.4±568.1)比(11 702.1±1 179.3)元,P0.05]。以上差异均有统计学意义。结论 ERAS技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术围术期应用安全可行,具有术后并发症发生率低、恢复快、住院时间短、总费用少等优点。     

加速康复外科理念指导下围手术期焦虑非药物干预临床应用研究

背景 焦虑是临床常见的围手术期不良反应,可造成不同程度的躯体及心理应激.目前暂无系统、有效的治疗指南可预防或减少围手术期焦虑反应.目的 介绍在加速康复外科理念下非药物干预治疗(non-pharmacologic intervention)在围手术期焦虑的应用进展.内容 阐述围手术期焦虑对机体造成的心理及生理等不良影响,着重从情绪、认知及行为三方面介绍加速康复外科理念指导下围手术期焦虑非药物治疗的临床应用.趋向 围手术期非药物干预与常规药物治疗相比,具有安全、舒适、无药物副作用等优势,治疗效果显著,是抗焦虑治疗措施中不可替代的组成部分.     

糖尿病对肝癌肝切除术预后的影响

目的分析研究肝细胞癌（HCC）合并糖尿病（DM）实施肝切除术的预后。方法回顾性总结1992年1月至2005年4月间410例肝细胞癌及36例合并糖尿病手术病人临床资料，用SPSS软件对其临床病理资料与术后生存资料进行统计学分析。结果DM的HCC病人的年龄明显高于无DM的HCC病人（P=0．002），合并DM组术后并发症的发生率明显高于无DM组（P=0．001），而术后生存时间的比较无明显的差异（P=0．417）；DM是影响孤立性大肝癌（SLHCC）病人的术后生存独立的危险因素。结论DM并不影响HCC手术的整体预后，因而，也对HCC病人包括手术等治疗方式的选择上影响不大。但对围手术期血糖的控制，可减少术后并发症的发生。