HPLC法测定柏石水调散中盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC方法同时测定柏石水调散中盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱含量。方法: 采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相为乙腈 0.1%磷酸溶液（50〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗50）（每100 ml加十二烷基硫酸钠0.2 g）;流速为1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长为345 nm;进样量为10 μl;柱温为室温。结果: 盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱进样量分别在1.11~22.16 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）和2.11~42.24 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.94%和101.3%,RSD分别为2.43%和2.05%（n = 6）。结论: 本方法快速、简便、准确,可用于柏石水调散中盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。     

痔科消炎止痛洗剂质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的： 建立痔科消炎止痛洗剂的质量标准。方法: 采用TLC法对痔科消炎止痛洗剂中黄柏、当归、黄芪进行定性鉴别;采用HPLC法测定黄柏中盐酸小檗碱含量,色谱条件为Agilent 5 TC C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相:乙腈 0.05 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾溶液（30∶70）,流速：1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长：265 nm,柱温：30 ℃。结果: 痔科消炎止痛洗剂中黄柏、当归、黄芪的薄层色谱斑点清晰,专属性强,阴性对照无干扰;盐酸小檗碱在0.029～3.628 μg范围内,呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为97.83%,RSD=2.05%（n=6）。结论: 定性、定量方法准确可靠、重复性好,能有效控制痔科消炎止痛洗剂的内在质量。     

HPLC法测定黄连上清片中4种成分的含量

摘 要 目的： 提高黄连上清片质量标准,建立同时测定绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱4种成分含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为DiamonsilTM C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为二元梯度系统,其中溶剂A为乙腈,溶剂B为0.3%磷酸水溶液,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为238 nm,柱温30℃,进样量为10 μl。结果: 绿原酸、栀子苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为8.11～81.10 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、13.08～130.80 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 7)、10.76～107.60 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)、7.92～79.20 μg·ml^-1(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为99.19%(RSD=0.9%)、98.44%(RSD=1.1%)、99.12%(RSD=1.0%)、99.18%(RSD=1.1%)(n=9)。结论:该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于黄连上清片的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定伤科跌打膏中姜黄素和盐酸小檗碱的含量

摘 要 目的：建立测定伤科跌打膏中姜黄素和盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法: 采用高效液相色谱法。姜黄素：色谱柱：InertSutain C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相：乙腈 4%醋酸溶液（44∶56）;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1; 柱温：25℃;检测波长：430 nm;进样量：10 μl。盐酸小檗碱：色谱柱：InertSutain C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相：乙腈 0.1%磷酸溶液（44∶56）(每100 ml加十二烷基磺酸钠0.1 g);流速：1.0 ml·min^-1; 柱温：25℃;检测波长：345 nm;进样量：10 μl。结果: 姜黄素和盐酸小檗碱分别在0.01～0.50 μg（r=0.999 3）和0.02～0.26 μg（r=0.999 9）范围内各自呈现良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为为101.03%和99.20%,RSD分别为1.75%和0.64%(n=9)。结论:本研究建立的方法操作简单,准确灵敏,专属性强,可用于伤科跌打膏的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定麻黄止嗽丸中盐酸麻黄碱及盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立麻黄止嗽丸中盐酸麻黄碱及盐酸伪麻黄碱含量的测定方法。方法: 采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Kromasil C₁₈柱(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈 0.1％磷酸溶液（含0.1%三乙胺）（4∶96）,流速为1 ml·min^-1,检测波长为207 nm,柱温：室温,进样量：5 μl。结果:盐酸麻黄碱在0.02～0.52 μg 范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.6%(n=6);盐酸伪麻黄碱在0.02～0.51 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.4%,RSD为0.9%(n=6)。结论:该方法准确可靠,可用于麻黄止嗽丸中盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱的含量测定。     

青蛤散质量控制研究

摘 要 目的：建立青蛤散的质量控制方法。方法: 采用TLC法鉴别青黛、关黄柏;限量测定升汞;HPLC法测定盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量。色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB C18柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈 0.1%磷酸溶液（磷酸二氢钠浓度为0.02 mol·L-1）为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 ml·min-1,检测波长为345 nm,柱温为25 ℃,进样量为10 μl。结果:青黛、关黄柏可在同一硅胶G薄层板进行薄层色谱鉴别;升汞可用比色法进行限量测定;盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱分别在0.020~0.205 μg（r=0.999 6）和0.068~0.683 μg(r=0.999 8)范围内呈良好的线性关系。加样回收率为98.17%~101.97%(RSD<2%,n=9)。结论:该方法简便,专属性强,稳定性好,可用于青蛤散的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定妇科千金片中6种活性成分

摘 要 目的：建立HPLC 法同时测定妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷等6种活性成分,为妇科千金片质量提供保障。方法: 采用Waters XBridgeTM C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱;流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液 乙腈,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min^-1;紫外检测波长为326,316,225,254,268 nm;柱温：35℃;进样量为10 μl。结果: 阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的线性范围分别为0.709～28.360 μg·ml^-1,0.459～18.350 μg·ml^-1,0.510～20.380 μg·ml^-1,1.259～50.360μg·ml^-1,0.829～33.140 μg·ml^-1,1.709～68.340 μg·ml^-1;平均加样回收率分别为99.5%,99.85%,98.8%,99.4%,98.5%,98.9%（n=6）,RSD分别为0.4%,0.1%、0.7%、0.5%、0.9%、0.4%（n=6）。结论:该方法平均回收率高、简便可行、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于控制妇科千金片中阿魏酸、绿原酸、盐酸小檗碱、穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯及党参炔苷的质量控制。     

加味小柴胡颗粒质量标准的建立

摘 要 目的：建立加味小柴胡颗粒的质量标准。方法: 采用TLC法对制剂中柴胡、黄芩、黄连进行定性鉴别;采用UPLC法对制剂中甘草苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、甘草酸单铵盐进行定量分析。色谱柱：Aglient ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18（50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）,流动相：乙腈（A） 0.1%磷酸水（B）,流速：0.4 μml·min-1,检测波长： [0~11 min:270 nm;11~12 min:254 nm],柱温：35 ℃,进样量：2 μl。结果: 柴胡、黄芩、黄连的TLC图谱斑点清晰,分离度好;甘草苷、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、甘草酸单铵盐质量浓度分别在1.764~28.224 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 9）、12.390~198.240 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 7）、2.496~39.936 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 9）、4.200~67.200 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 5）、0.940~15.040 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 9）、1.872~29.950 μg·ml-1（r=0.999 6）浓度范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为103.26%,101.36%,97.66%,103.27%,101.37%,102.44%,RSD分别为0.71%,0.81%,2.53%,1.58%,2.31%,3.34%（n=6）。结论: 所建质量标准能有效控制加味小柴胡颗粒的质量。     

手性冠醚柱HPLC法测定盐酸伐昔洛韦分散片的含量及有关物质

摘 要 目的： 建立手性冠醚柱高效液相色谱法测定盐酸伐昔洛韦分散片的含量及其有关物质的方法,为质量标准的提高提供参考。方法: 采用手性冠醚柱[4.0 mm×150 mm,5 μm,DAICEL CROWNPAK CR(+)],流动相为0.1%高氯酸溶液,流量为0.75 ml·min^-1,检测波长为255 nm。结果: 盐酸伐昔洛韦在11.25～180.00 μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=1.000 0）,平均回收率为99.0%,RSD为0.8%（n=9）;有关物质阿昔洛韦在0.2～50 μg·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=1.000 0）,平均回收率为99.3%,RSD为0.6%（n=9）;收集的两家企业的盐酸伐昔洛韦分散片含量测定结果分别为92.7%、97.4%,有关物质阿昔洛韦按外标法计算结果分别为0.5%、0.4%,D-伐昔洛韦按自身对照法计算结果均为0.9%。结论:该方法能有效分离伐昔洛韦及其同分异构体D-伐昔洛韦,简便、准确,专属性强,适用于盐酸伐昔洛韦的质量控制。     

百咳静糖浆质量标准的研究

摘 要 目的: 建立百咳静糖浆的质量标准。方法: 采用薄层色谱法（TLC）对百咳静糖浆中陈皮、黄柏进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定糖浆中黄芩苷的含量,色谱柱为Hypersil C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-水-磷酸(50∶50∶0.2),检测波长为280 nm,柱温为40℃,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:TLC鉴别方法专属性强;黄芩苷在5.36～85.76 μg·ml^-1浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.3％,RSD=1.36％（n=6）。结论:所建立的方法简便可靠,可以用于控制百咳静糖浆的质量。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.