功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎并鼻中隔偏曲效果分析

目的:分析功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎并鼻中隔偏曲的效果。方法:选取2011年6月~2016年6月我院收治的慢性鼻—鼻窦炎并鼻中隔偏曲患者84例,依据手术方法的不同分为对照组40例和观察组44例。对照组实施功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术,观察组实施功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术。比较两组患者临床疗效、症状评分以及术后并发症发生情况。结果:观察组治疗总有效率显著低于对照组(P0.05);术前,两组鼻塞、鼻分泌物、嗅觉障碍、头痛头昏等症状评分比较无显著性差异(P0.05);术后,观察组鼻塞、鼻分泌物、嗅觉障碍、头痛头昏等症状评分均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:慢性鼻—鼻窦炎并鼻中隔偏曲患者行功能性鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔三线减张法矫正术治疗,可显著改善临床疗效,提高治疗效果,且术后并发症较低,值得临床推广。     

鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术60例疗效观察

目的 观察鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗的效果.方法 对60例(107侧)慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行鼻内窥镜下手术,术后随访1年.结果 治愈39例(65.0%),好转16例(26.7%),无效5例(8.3%).总有效率91.7%.术后并发症主要为鼻腔粘连.结论 鼻内窥镜下鼻窦鼻息肉手术治疗具有良好的疗效,术中正确处理中、下鼻甲及鼻中隔,术后定期随访可提高治愈率,减少并发症.     

鼻内镜手术635例术后鼻腔粘连分析

目的 探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻窦内窥镜手术后鼻腔粘连的原因及处理方法.方法 参照Messerklinger鼻内镜手术方法,行鼻内镜手术635例,术后定期随访1 a以上.结果 术后发生鼻腔粘连45例,其中7例双侧粘连.结论 术中对中鼻甲、下鼻甲适当处理,矫正鼻中隔偏曲,减少术中鼻腔黏膜损伤,有助于减少术后粘连,提高手术效果.     

慢性鼻窦炎和鼻中隔偏曲的联合鼻内镜手术

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎并鼻中隔偏曲鼻内镜联合手术的优点。方法对316例鼻息肉、鼻窦炎合并鼻中隔偏曲患者进行鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术,观察其疗效和并发症。结果随访6个月～2年,所有患者术腔黏膜上皮化时间均在3～6个月,偏曲的鼻中隔均一次获得彻底矫正,未出现鼻腔粘连、塌鼻、鼻中隔穿孔或感染、脑脊液鼻漏等并发症。结论手术技巧的掌握及术中一并解决鼻中隔偏曲可提高手术疗效。鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术是治疗鼻息肉、鼻窦炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的一种方便、安全、有效的方法。     

经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正28例临床分析

目的　探讨经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正术的特殊优势。方法　 2 8例不同程度鼻中隔偏曲患者伴或不伴慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉 ,均实施经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正术及功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术等。结果　全部病例术后鼻中隔居中 ,鼻腔通畅 ,无并发症。结论　经鼻内窥镜鼻中隔矫正术具有术野清晰、安全、微创、便于教学等优势 ,值得推广应用。     

功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术中的鼻中隔粘膜下局部切除术

慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者,往往伴有鼻中隔偏曲,过度偏曲的鼻中隔会妨碍鼻内窥镜自由放入鼻腔、妨碍鼻窦引流。在行功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术中,利用鼻内窥镜照明好、术野清晰的特点,对８例鼻窦炎伴重度鼻中隔偏曲的患者,同时行鼻中隔粘膜下局部切除术,二期手术一次完成。减少了患者痛苦,提高了鼻窦炎治疗效果。对其手术目的及鼻中隔切除范围等问题进行讨论。     

内镜鼻窦手术中矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲对术后粘连的影响

目的探讨内镜鼻窦手术中矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲对术后鼻腔粘连的影响。方法回顾分析116例伴有鼻中隔轻度偏曲的内镜鼻窦手术病例资料。其中1组37例术中同时行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术,2组79例未处理鼻中隔轻度偏曲。随访6-12个月,比较两组病例术后鼻腔粘连的发生情况。结果术后1个月、3个月两组鼻腔粘连的发生率分别为8.1%、27.8%和0、13.9%,比较1组与2组鼻腔粘连的发生情况,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论在内镜鼻窦手术中同时矫正鼻中隔轻度偏曲有利于减少术后鼻腔粘连的发生。     

鼻内窥镜治疗鼻中隔偏曲的疗效分析附238例报告

目的探讨安全可靠、矫正满意的治疗鼻中隔偏曲的手术方法。方法采用鼻内窥镜技术,对鼻中隔偏曲患者进行鼻中隔矫正手术238例。其中单纯性鼻中隔偏曲157例,鼻中隔偏曲合并鼻窦炎、鼻息肉81例,鼻中隔手术史21例。结果术后随访3～6个月,鼻内镜下定期清理术腔,疗效确切,该方法较安全、彻底地矫正鼻中隔偏曲,改善患者的鼻腔通气、嗅觉功能,同时有效减少鼻腔息肉、鼻窦炎的复发,减少了鼻中隔穿孔、鼻腔粘连等并发症的发生。结论内窥镜下鼻中隔矫正术,具有安全、彻底、并发症少等优点。     

鼻腔喷雾器冲洗对慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术后恢复的效果观察

目的:探讨鼻腔喷雾器冲洗对慢性鼻窦炎患者鼻内镜术后恢复的影响。方法:选择住院慢性鼻窦炎患者且接受鼻窦内窥镜手术100例,随机分为对照组和观察组各50例。对照组采用一次性输液器冲洗,观察组采用鼻腔喷雾器冲洗鼻咽部。比较两组术后鼻腔冲洗不适情况、临床效果以及鼻腔黏膜恢复效果。结果:观察组术后鼻腔冲洗鼻塞、头痛等不适情况远远低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后2个月总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);术后鼻腔粘连发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05),术后1个月、2个月术腔黏膜上皮化发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者冲洗过程中均无不良反应发生。结论:鼻腔喷雾器冲洗方法可以有效提高慢性鼻窦炎患者术后临床效果,减少鼻腔粘连发生率,提高黏膜上皮化发生率,且操作简单、经济,值得推广。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术45例分析

目的:探讨鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术的优点。方法:对45例鼻息肉、鼻窦炎合并鼻中隔偏曲患者均进行鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术,观察对鼻中隔偏曲的治疗效果。结果:所有患者偏曲的鼻中隔均一次获得彻底矫正,未出现鼻腔粘连、塌鼻、鼻中隔穿孔、脑脊液鼻漏等并发症。结论:鼻内镜鼻窦手术联合鼻中隔矫正术是治疗鼻息肉、鼻窦炎合并鼻中隔偏曲的一种方便、安全、有效的方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.