脊椎血管瘤的影像学诊断及介入治疗的临床应用价值

目的 探讨脊椎血管瘤的影像学特点及介入治疗的价值.方法 分析20例经手术病理证实的脊椎血管瘤的影像学征象,对其中16例行术前动脉造影并栓塞治疗.结果 脊椎血管瘤X线平片表现为椎体呈典型的栅栏样改变;CT片可见网眼状影像中夹杂着低密度脂肪影;MRI T1加权像上呈等或高低混杂信号,T2加权像上呈均匀高信号,并可见随回波时间延长信号逐渐变亮这一典型血管瘤信号特征.对16例23个椎体共栓塞血管36支.栓塞后造影显示染色均较栓塞前减少75%以上.结论 脊椎血管瘤具有影像学特征性表现.术前动脉栓塞可以有效减轻疼痛,减少术中出血,是有效的辅助性治疗手段.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断及误诊分析

目的:通过对动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)影像学诊断及误诊的分析,进一步探讨ABC的影像学特点。方法:结合病理特点回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的正确诊断及误诊的ABC的影像学表现,22例均摄X线平片,19例行CT平扫,15例行MRI。结果:22例ABC发生于长骨17例,脊柱3例,骨盆2例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性囊性改变;CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹,其中骨壳完整18例,21例可见蜂房样低密度影,1例出现液-液平面,2例软组织肿块;15例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号,T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液-液平面,囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI均为低信号。误诊4例,其中发病部位长骨2例,脊柱和骨盆各1例。结论:正确认识ABC发病机理及病理特点的基础上,结合X线、CT和MRI的特征性影像学表现,进行综合分析是正确诊断ABC,避免误诊的关键所在。     

脊椎动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像表现及术前栓塞对减少术中失血的意义

目的 探讨脊椎动脉瘤样骨囊肿(ABC)的影像学特点及术前栓塞对减少术中失血的意义.方法 分析了6例经手术病理证实的原发性脊椎ABC的影像学表现,对其中4例进行了术前选择性动脉造影、栓塞,所用栓塞物为明胶海绵.结果 本组6例脊椎ABC均侵犯椎弓、棘突、横突和椎体后或侧缘,病变凸入椎管,造成硬膜囊和脊髓受压、移位.4例栓塞后血管造影显示染色均较栓塞前减少75%,术中失血700～1500 ml,平均1000 ml.较未经术前栓塞者平均3000 ml术中失血明显减少.结论 对动脉瘤样骨囊肿术前动脉栓塞能够有效地减少术中出血,提高手术治疗的成功率,是一种有价值的术前辅助性治疗方法.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：探讨动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析23例经手术病理证实的ABC的影像学表现，23例均摄X线平片和CT平扫。4例行MRI检查。结果：23例ABC发生于长骨18例，骨盆5例。ABC平片表现常为偏心性膨胀性骨破坏；CT平扫可见膨胀的骨壳内缘呈清晰弧形压迹，其中骨壳完整12例，断缺11例。病灶密度不均，19例可见蜂房样低密度影或液－液平面，15例出现软组织肿块；4例MRI主要表现为T1WI呈等低信号，T2WI呈大小不一高信号囊腔或液－液平面，3例增强扫描，2例无明显强化，1例轻度强化，囊间隔在T1WI、T2WI及增强后均为低信号。结论：X线平片简便经济，但对内部结构的显示有一定限度，CT和MR对内部结构及软组织的显示明显优于前者，对ABC具有很高的诊断价值。     

原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学诊断

目的：分析原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿（ABC）的影像学表现,评价其影像学诊断价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析经手术或活检证实的动脉瘤样骨囊肿176例,其中原发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿111例,继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿65例。完整影像学资料共42例,均行X线检查,其中30例行CT检查,15例行MRI检查,9例同时行CT及MRI检查。结果：42例动脉瘤样骨囊肿平片上根据病变部位分偏心型22例、髓内型18例、骨旁型2例,大多数表现为偏心型膨胀性骨破坏;CT扫描可见25例不同程度骨膨胀、骨皮质内缘的分房状压迹和骨嵴影,皮质破坏断缺7例,15例见骨包壳,3例见液-液平面;15例MRI扫描表现为分叶状肿块,9例MRI表现为T1WI低、T2WI高信号囊腔,6例表现为混杂信号,囊间隔均为T1WI、T2WI低信号,6例行MRI增强扫描,均见间隔强化,5例见液-液平面。结论：原发性及继发性动脉瘤样骨囊肿具有一定的影像学特征,X线、CT及MRI三者结合能明显提高诊断正确率。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析总结中枢神经细胞瘤磁共振成像和计算机体层摄影术影像特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的中枢神经细胞瘤10例的磁共振成像和计算机体层摄影术表现.结果 肿瘤均位于侧脑室透明隔靠近Monro孔处,T1加权像多呈等信号,T2加权像信号强度较多呈等或略高信号;计算机体层摄影术示等或稍高密度影.肿瘤内部多见囊变、出血及钙化,边缘清晰,增强扫描轻到中度强化.结论 青年人位于侧脑室透明隔室间孔处的肿瘤,应考虑中枢神经细胞瘤的诊断.磁共振成像和计算机体层摄影术有助于术前诊断此病,确定手术方案.     

动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现与诊断价值分析

目的 分析动脉瘤样骨囊肿影像学表现及X线、CT、MRI分别在动脉瘤样骨囊肿诊断中的价值,提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析经病理学证实的22例动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像学表现,全部病例均行X线检查,其中5例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 X线检查均表现为囊性、膨胀性骨质破坏伴骨包壳形成,15例内部见粗细不匀骨间隔.CT检查能显示病灶内部的细小骨嵴、骨包壳中断情况及囊性低密度区,其中2例见液-液平面.MR扫描T1WI 4例显示液-液平面,T2WI 7例显示液-液平面,囊间隔与囊壁厚薄不等,增强扫描强化明显.结论 X线平片呈膨胀性溶骨改变,CT和MRI出现囊腔、液-液平面、强化明显的囊壁及囊间隔征象是诊断的重要依据.     

低场磁共振成像对卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤鉴别诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨低场磁共振成像(MRI)在卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤临床鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的卵巢巧克力囊肿22例,囊性畸胎瘤13例,分析各自的MRI表现特点.结果 22例巧克力囊肿术前诊断正确19例,其中3例术前诊断为囊性畸胎瘤,MRI诊断符合率86％(19/22);13例囊性畸胎瘤术前诊断正确12例,1例术前判断为巧克力囊肿,符合率92％(12/13).所有巧克力囊肿和畸胎瘤病例在SET1WI序列下均可见到病灶内高信号区.当使用短时间反转恢复序列(STIR)脂肪抑制序列时,所有高信号区可见不同程度信号减低;当使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像时,畸胎瘤内的T1WI高信号病灶在反相位图像上会出现明显信号减低区,而巧克力囊肿不会出现信号减低区.结论 卵巢巧克力囊肿与囊性畸胎瘤MRI诊断准确性较高.使用GRE同、反相位T1加权成像对两者的鉴别诊断有特殊价值.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗及临床观察

目的探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法对18例假性动脉瘤患者(肝动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤4例,脾动脉瘤1例,胸主动脉2例,周围血管9例),采用不同方法治疗。6例置入带膜支架,10例采用明胶海绵栓塞或弹簧圈栓塞,1例采用部分动脉瘤内填塞加供血动脉栓塞治疗,1例股动脉穿孔型假瘤采用压迫法。结果技术成功率100%。17例动脉瘤闭塞,症状体征消失;1例胸主动脉假瘤出现内瘘;未出现其他并发症。结论介入方法治疗假性动脉瘤安全有效。     

全脑血管CT血管成像 数字减影血管造影检查和介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值

目的探讨全脑血管CT血管成像（CTA）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查及介入栓塞治疗在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断和治疗价值。方法回顾性分析我院26例颅内动脉瘤病例的CTA与DSA资料,其中14例接受颅内动脉瘤的介入栓塞治疗。结果 CTA和DSA在颅内动脉瘤检出情况无明显差异;就显示动脉瘤大小,形态及其载瘤动脉和周围血管方面DSA检查优于CTA检查。14例动脉瘤介入栓塞治疗患者中无1例死亡,术后行DSA血管造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞;2例术中出现血管痉挛,使用药物后缓解。结论CTA可以作为筛选颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法,DSA在观察动脉瘤附近重要的穿支动脉血管方面明显优于CTA;介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤是安全有效的,可以明显减少动脉瘤再次破裂出血,改善预后。     

Solid aneurysmal bone cyst in the humerus

We report on a 69-year-old woman with a solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst (solid ABC) in the left humerus with a pathological fracture. Radiographically, the lesion exhibited a relatively well-defined osteolytic lesion in the diaphysis of the left humerus. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the medullary lesion exhibited a homogeneous signal intensity isointense with surrounding normal muscles on the T1-weighted images and a mixture of low and high signal intensity on the T2-weighted images. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images revealed diffuse enhancement of the entire lesion. The pathological study showed a proliferation of fibroblasts, histiocytes, chronic inflammatory cells and numerous multinucleated giant cells in a collagenous matrix. Abundant osteoid formation in the matrix was observed, but the cells were devoid of nuclear atypia. Aneurysmal cystic cavities were absent. A review of the English literature found 22 cases of solid ABC of the long bones. Received: 15 February 2000 Revision requested: 18 March 2000 Revision received: 17 April 2000 Accepted: 19 April 2000     

Intraosseous epidermal cyst of the distal phalanx of the thumb: radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings

We report conventional radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of an intraosseous epidermal cyst of the distal phalanx of the right thumb in a 39-year-old man. Conventional radiographs showed a sharply well-circumscribed osteolytic lesion of the distal phalanx with interruption of its tip. The osteolytic lesion itself showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images without contrast enhancement. However, the soft tissues surrounding the osteolytic lesion demonstrated contrast enhancement on MRI. The combined conventional radiographic and MRI findings suggested the diagnosis of intraosseous epidermal cyst rather than enchondroma, giant cell tumor, intraosseous glomus tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, or simple bone cyst.     

腕关节月骨舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的 观察腕关节月骨、舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像特点。方法 分析经手术证实的6例共7处(月骨6处、舟骨1处)腕关节骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线(6例)、CT(4例)和MRI(1例)表现。结果 平片典型表现为月骨、舟骨小的囊变，直径为0．5cm左右。边缘光滑、清楚、硬化。6处病灶位于骨内，骨性关节面完整，囊变与关节腔不相通，1处与关节腔相通。4例CT扫描显示病灶比X线平片清楚。1例在MRT1WI表现为月骨骨内的中低信号灶，边缘硬化，T2WI为略高信号。结论 腕关节月骨、舟骨骨内腱鞘囊肿典型表现为骨内囊状破坏，边界清楚硬化。CT显示病灶比平片清楚。在MRT1WI呈中低信号，T2WI呈中高信号。     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及诊断与鉴别诊断.方法:回顾性分析经手术证实的20例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,均行X线、CT检查,2例行MRI检查.结果:X线、CT表现为邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清晰,18例有完整硬化边,10例病灶内见粗细不均的条状骨性间隔,3个病灶通过裂隙与关节腔相通,CT值20～60 HU,MRI在T2WI和脂肪抑制序列均表现为高信号.结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿的X线、CT典型表现为骨内邻近关节面的囊状破坏,边界清晰硬化,MRI在T2WI和脂肪抑制序列均表现为高信号,结合发病部位和临床症状及影像学表现,对本病可作出正确诊断.     

Isolated intraosseous gout in hallux sesamoid mimicking a bone tumor in a teenaged patient

We are reporting an unusual case of isolated intraosseous tophus in medial hallux sesamoid presenting as tumor-like lesion in a teenage patient without prior history of gouty attack and underlying systemic disorders. The lesion manifested isointensity to surrounding muscles with internal low signal on spin echo (SE) T1-weighted images, and heterogeneous low signal intensity on fast spin echo (FSE) T2-weighted images. Computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed expansion and diffusely increased attenuation of the medial hallux sesamoid with focal cortical erosion and extraosseous extension of high attenuation content. The subsequent resection and pathology revealed intraosseous tophus deposition, which is particularly rare at this site and at this age. Imaging studies revealed some characteristic imaging features which can retrospectively be attributed to gouty tophus. When an expansile osteolytic lesion manifesting low signal intensity on T2-weighted image and internal calcifications on CT scan is encountered, the possibility of intraosseous tophus should be included in the list of differential diagnoses, even in a teenage patient without prior history of gout.     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的23例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,X线平片检查15例,螺旋CT检查9例,MRI检查6例。4例同时行X线平片和CT检查,3例同时行X线平片和MRI检查。结果:X线、CT表现为骨内邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清楚,有薄层硬化边,3例CT及其三维重建显示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制T2表现为高信号,MRI显示病灶与关节腔相通2例。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿影像学表现有一定特征,CT及其三维重建对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法。     

Cervical internal carotid artery dissecting hemorrhage: diagnosis using MR

Two men underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the internal carotid artery (ICA) 12 and 16 days after spontaneous dissection of this vessel. One underwent follow-up MR imaging 7 weeks later. T1-weighted images were obtained in both cases, and T2-weighted images were obtained in one patient. In both cases, the MR findings corresponded to the angiographic abnormalities. On both the T1- and T2-weighted images, there was a hyperintense lesion expanding the wall and narrowing the lumen of the ICAs. Follow-up MR imaging showed complete resolution of the mural lesion. Axial images best demonstrated the anatomic and MR signal alterations. The hyperintensity of the lesion on both T1- and T2-weighted images indicated a short T1 and a long T2 as expected in a subacute hematoma. High-resolution MR imaging, therefore, can specifically demonstrate a thrombosed carotid dissection noninvasively at least as early as 12 days. The potential to diagnose carotid dissection in the acute phase using high-field-strength MR imaging and its importance for the prevention of embolic strokes are also discussed.     

MR features of aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible and characteristics distinguishing it from other lesions

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a relatively rare, non-neoplastic expansile lesion of bone. Bleeding may occur during an operation or biopsy for ABC, as this cyst is an aneurys with numerous pools of blood. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose ABC before treatment or biopsy. In the present report, we describe the characteristic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ABC in the mandible. Based on the literature and on our own experiences, we compare with the features of ABC with the corresponding features of other lesions showing similar conventional radiographic appearances. In the present case, bone-targeting CT showed the characteristic feature, which reflected the histopathological appearance of a partially cystic meshwork divided by coarse septa. MRI showed almost homogeneous intermediate signal intensity, including a partial slight low-signal-intensity area on the T1-weighted image, and homogeneous high signal intensity, which showed a 'bubbly' appearance, on T2-weighted image. On the enhanced T1-weighted image, the intermediate signal intensity areas apart from the areas that showed slight low-signal intensity on the non-enhanced T1-weighted image, were well enhanced. This creates a 'honeycomb' appearance. The 'meshwork' appearance on bone-targeting CT, the 'bubbly' appearance on the T2WI and the 'honeycomb' appearance on Gd-T1WI may be the characteristic features of ABC.     

Stress fractures: MR imaging

Five cases of stress fracture were studied with high-field-strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In all cases, MR images showed bandlike areas of very low signal intensity in the intramedullary space, which were continuous with the cortex. These findings corresponded in location to the sites of fracture or new bone formation noted on radiographs. Surrounding areas of decreased signal intensity in the marrow space were also consistently seen on T1-weighted images. In three cases, prominent intramedullary areas of high signal intensity were noted on T2-weighted images obtained within 3 weeks of the onset of symptoms. Juxtacortical and/or subperiosteal areas of high signal intensity were also seen on T2-weighted images in two cases. Characteristic MR findings may distinguish stress fracture from occult intraosseous fracture.     

Occult intraosseous fracture: magnetic resonance appearance versus age of injury

Twenty-two cases of occult intraosseous fracture in the region of the knee are presented. Occult intraosseous fractures have been incidentally detected in the magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of the knee in the setting of a recent physical injury and normal radiographic studies. There is no unique mechanism of injury, but occult intraosseous fracture presumably results from direct impaction or axial overloading. MR shows speckled or band-like areas of low signal in the intramedullary space of the epiphyses, and occasionally, the adjacent metaphyses. In most cases, T2-weighted images show high signal in corresponding regions of variable size. The relative extent of high signal findings is shown to vary significantly with the age of injury. Individual variability within groups, however, precludes the actual prediction of lesion age on the basis of the MR appearance. Our observations provide indirect evidence that the findings on T2-weighted images resolve earlier than the corresponding findings on T1-weighted proton density images. The primary differential diagnosis in cases of occult intraosseous fracture is stress fracture. The diagnosis of occult intraosseous fracture may be important in explaining persistent pain after injury in otherwise normal knees.