Testing sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to spectinomycin.

A concentration of 16 mg/l spectinomycin incorporated in agar gave the best discrimination between Neisseria gonorrhoeae sensitive and resistant to spectinomycin. This method was compared with spectinomycin sensitivity testing with 25 micrograms or 100 micrograms discs. Both methods agreed fully for 197 spectinomycin sensitive and three spectinomycin resistant gonococci. The agar incorporation "breakpoint" concentration technique failed to detect a small spectinomycin resistant population in a fourth isolate, which was detected by disc testing. It may be possible to predict the emergence of spectinomycin resistance among strains of N gonorrhoeae.     

Cefuroxime, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin, and penicillin G in uncomplicated infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The use of cefuroxime and thiamphenicol in uncomplicated gonococcal infection was studied in 562 women confined to a clinic to preclude reinfection before cultural confirmation of cure. Cefuroxime was as effective as spectinomycin in the treatment of infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and was significantly more effective than 4.8 units of aqueous procaine penicillin G with probenecid among non-penicillinase-producing (non-PPNG) strains. Thiamphenicol was highly effective against PPNG, but the failure rate in infections with non-PPNG was high and appeared to be related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of thiamphenicol. This rate was not, however, significantly higher than that for PPNG strains. Thiamphenicol might therefore be used as an alternative for infections due to PPNG strains. If, however, thiamphenicol is used widely, selection of more resistant strains and thus an increasing proportion of failures may be expected.     

Cefuroxime, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin, and penicillin G in uncomplicated infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

The use of cefuroxime and thiamphenicol in uncomplicated gonococcal infection was studied in 562 women confined to a clinic to preclude reinfection before cultural confirmation of cure. Cefuroxime was as effective as spectinomycin in the treatment of infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and was significantly more effective than 4.8 units of aqueous procaine penicillin G with probenecid among non-penicillinase-producing (non-PPNG) strains. Thiamphenicol was highly effective against PPNG, but the failure rate in infections with non-PPNG was high and appeared to be related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of thiamphenicol. This rate was not, however, significantly higher than that for PPNG strains. Thiamphenicol might therefore be used as an alternative for infections due to PPNG strains. If, however, thiamphenicol is used widely, selection of more resistant strains and thus an increasing proportion of failures may be expected.     

淋球菌对抗生素的敏感性测定

作者于1986年3月从深圳市急性尿道炎病人中分离到数株淋球菌,随意取其中一株,用广州白云山制药厂出品的药物敏感试验干燥纸片测定了其对抗生素的敏感性,证实此株菌对青霉素G,羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、先锋霉素Ⅰ、Ⅵ和新青霉素Ⅱ皆为耐药,对麦迪霉素为中度敏感;而对红霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素、先锋霉素V和痢特灵敏感.本文对淋球菌分离和培养的条件及耐青霉素淋球菌的流行趋势进行了讨论.     

淋球菌对头孢三嗪的敏感性测定

目的：了解淋球菌对头孢三嗪的敏感性。方法：我们对１９８９年～１９９６年间由１０个城市淋病患者中分离出的１３２９株淋球菌临床分离株进行了头孢三嗪敏感性测定。以琼脂稀释法测定头孢三嗪的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）。结果：头孢三嗪ＭＩＣ范围为０．００２～２ｍｇ／Ｌ。ＭＩＣ５０为０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＭＩＣ９０为０．１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。６１．４７％的菌株对头孢三嗪敏感（ＭＩＣ≤０．０３ｍｇ／Ｌ），３７．４７％为低敏ＭＩＣ，ＭＩＣ达１ｍｇ／Ｌ的耐药菌株占１．０５％。自１９９５年起未分离出耐药菌株。结论：研究表明我国目前流行的淋球菌菌株基本上对头孢三嗪敏感。     

Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin in West Germany.

The sensitivity of gonococci to penicillin in Germany has largely decreased in the last 22 years. No significant decrease has occurred, however, in the last three years, but the results show that a slight tendency to decrease may be persisting.     

Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin in West Germany.

The sensitivity of gonococci to penicillin in Germany has largely decreased in the last 22 years. No significant decrease has occurred, however, in the last three years, but the results show that a slight tendency to decrease may be persisting.     

An unusual case of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to spectinomycin in California

We report a case of gonorrhea due to a penicillinase-producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to spectinomycin in a 26-year-old man who had not been out of the United States for a year-and-a-half. His sexual contact also had no recent travel out of the United States. The genital and oropharyngeal infections were successfully treated with cefoxitin (1 g im) plus probenecid (1 g orally) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80 mg of trimethoprim and 400 mg of sulfamethoxazole). The patient took nine of the latter tablets daily for five days. The organism was a serovar IB-3, proline-requiring auxotype. The patient's isolate contained both 2.6-megadalton and 4.4-megadalton plasmids. Measurement of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antibiotics for the isolate confirmed the penicillin resistance and showed an MIC of spectinomycin of greater than 256 micrograms/ml. The epidemiologic investigation suggested that the source of the infection was a male contact with unusual clinical features, including bloody urethral discharge and a possible incubation period of 28 days.     

淋球菌对大观霉素耐药基因的初步检测

【摘要】 目的 检测导致大观霉素耐药的淋球菌16S rRNA基因中的突变位点。 方法 对6株大观霉素耐药淋球菌［最小抑菌浓度（MIC） ≥ 128 mg/L］、20株大观霉素敏感菌株（MIC 32 mg/L和16 mg/L各10株）的16S rRNA基因进行DNA扩增和序列测定,分析16S rRNA基因突变情况。 结果 6株大观霉素耐药淋球菌的16S rRNA基因均发生了突变,其中2株（MIC > 256 mg/L）为C1192T突变,1株（MIC 256 mg/L）为C1344T和T1345A突变,1株（MIC 256 mg/L）为T990G和T991C突变,1株（MIC 128 mg/L）为T990G、G1343C和C1344T突变,1株（MIC 128 mg/L）为T991C突变。20株大观霉素敏感菌株均未发生突变。 结论 淋球菌16S rRNA基因不同位点突变可能与大观霉素不同程度的耐药相关,C1192T突变可能导致高度耐药,其他单一位点或多位点突变与不同程度的耐药相关。 【关键词】 奈瑟球菌,淋病; 壮观霉素; 点突变; RNA,核糖体,16S; 抗药性,细菌     

淋球菌rpsE基因突变与大观霉素耐药性的研究

目的 探讨淋球菌rpsE基因突变与淋球菌大观霉素耐药的相关性。 方法 对临床分离的4株大观霉素耐药的淋球菌株（MIC128 μg/ml、256 μg/ml）的rpsE基因进行PCR扩增测序分析,寻找可能的突变位点,通过DNA转化技术将含有突变基因的细菌基因组DNA转化入敏感的淋球菌株,检测转化成功的淋球菌的MIC并进行PCR扩增测序,分析发现的突变位点与淋球菌大观霉素耐药的相关性。 结果 4株大观霉素耐药的菌株均发现rpsE基因A70C（Thr24Pro）突变,而16S rRNA大观霉素耐药决定区（SRDR）未发现任何突变;大观霉素敏感菌株的16S rRNA和rpsE基因均未发现突变。转化后获得的大观霉素耐药淋球菌中亦发现了同样的rpsE基因突变。 结论 rpsE基因单点突变与淋球菌对大观霉素耐药相关。     

Plasmid profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nigeria and efficacy of spectinomycin in treating gonorrhoea.

The prevalence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains has been steadily rising in Nigeria since 1979, and now about 80% of the strains of gonococci isolated in Ibadan are found to produce penicillinase. Spectinomycin has consequently become widely used in treating these infections. To ascertain the emergence of spectinomycin resistance, this study was undertaken to assess the in vivo susceptibilities of gonococcal strains to spectinomycin and other common antibiotics. Five hundred and twenty seven isolates were tested, of which 452 (85.5%) were PPNG strains. None of the strains were found to be resistant to 100 micrograms spectinomycin discs in vitro, whereas all 370 patients treated with the antibiotic were bacteriologically cured. Plasmid analysis shows that both "Asian" and "African" PPNG types are circulating in Nigeria. For the moment spectinomycin remains highly effective in treating gonococcal infections in west Africa.     

The activity of rosoxacin, fosfomycin, cefotiam, and spectinomycin on beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

We measured the activity of rosoxacin, fosfomycin, cefotiam, and spectinomycin against 51 isolates of beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, all of which were susceptible to each drug at sufficient concentrations. The development of strains of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) which are resistant to spectinomycin can therefore be avoided, as there are alternative drugs.     

Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics in London (1976-78).

Three surveys of the sensitivity of pretreatment isolates of gonococci to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and co-trimoxazole were carried out during the period 1976-78. Compared with the results of previous surveys in the London area the decline in the proportion of strains of gonococci which are insensitive to penicillin appears to have halted. No changes were found in the levels of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, or spectinomycin during the period surveyed, although there was a slight increase in the proportion of strains requiring concentrations of 20 microgram spectinomycin per ml for inhibition. Streptomycin resistance has decreased considerably and 91% of strains are now sensitive to 10 microgram streptomycin per ml.