超声引导无穿刺导向装置肾活检的应用价值

目的 探讨在没有配套穿刺导向专用附加装置的条件下,超声引导自动肾活检术的临床应用价值和安全性.方法 对40例未使用穿刺探头或穿刺架,在超声引导定位应用自动活检枪和16G Biopsy活检针,选择右肾下极肾实质最厚处行斜角穿刺活检术;部分标本远程邮寄病理检查.结果 取材成功率100%,肉眼血尿5%,其余病例均有程度不等的镜下血尿.结论 该方法具有定位准确、操作简便、成功率高、并发症少等优点.     

超声引导下半自动切割式活检枪在肾活检中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下半自动切割式活检枪在经皮肾活检穿刺术中的应用价值。方法在超声引导下使用Temno半自动切割式活检枪斜角进针行经皮肾活检穿刺术。结果106例患者共穿刺235次,取材成功率99%,无一例发生术后需要处理的的严重并发症。结论超声引导下半自动切割式活检枪斜角进针,在经皮肾活检穿刺术中应用安全、取材满意、并发症发生率低。     

彩色多普勒超声引导斜角进针自动肾活检

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导斜角进针自动穿刺枪在肾活检中的临床应用。方法对41例彩超引导下斜角进针巴德(BARD)穿刺枪肾活检和35例B超定位手动肾活检进行回顾性对比分析。结果DARD穿刺枪自动肾活检一次成功率97.56%,二次成功率100%,活检标本平均长度(13.1±3.51)mm,肾小球平均数目(15.5±6.5)个,肉眼血尿发生率为2.43%,肾包膜下血肿(≥2.0cm)为0,而B超定位手动法分别为85.71%,60%,(10.8±2.35)mm,(8.5±5.93)个,11.43%,2.86%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义。结论彩色多普勒超声引导活检枪法具有操作简便、成功率高、并发症少等优点,值得广泛推广。     

肾活检术在基层医院的临床运用及安全性评估

目的:探讨肾活检术在基层医院运用的临床意义,并对其安全性进行评估.方法:在B超引导下用BARD MAG-NUM自动穿刺枪对52例肾脏病患者做肾活检术,将临床诊断与病理诊断作比较分析.结果:采用BARD MAGNUM自动穿刺枪穿刺成功率93.7%,术前临床误诊率为10.7%,术前诊断不明46.2%,术后全部病理确诊,术后治疗方案有较大修改有23.1%.并发症:镜下血尿发生率86.5%,肉眼血尿,肾周血肿1例,腰部酸痛15例.结论:采用BARD MAGNUM自动穿刺枪经皮超声引导肾活检术并发症少,风险小,在基层医院开展具有可行性;肾活检术的开展可得到明确的诊断、正确指导治疗及准确估计预后.     

床旁超声引导下肾穿刺活检150例并发症分析

目的 分析床旁超声引导下肾穿刺活检术后并发症发生情况.方法 应用自动活检枪装置在床边超声引导下对150例肾脏疾病患者进行肾穿刺活检.结果 肾周血肿72例,发生率48%;肉眼血尿10例,发生率6.67%;明显腰痛21例,发生率14%;肾动静脉瘘1例,发生率0.67%.结论 超声引导下肾穿刺活检方法操作简便,成功率高,并发症少且轻.定位准确,严格按照操作规范,患者良好的配合可减低并发症发生率.     

彩色超声引导下肾活检的临床应用体会

目的 评价彩色超声引导下应用自动活检枪肾活检在慢性肾实质病变中的价值.方法 对37例肾脏疾病患者应用彩色多普勒超声引导下自动活检枪进行肾穿刺活检,常规双肾彩超检查,测量肾脏大小及实质、皮质厚度,血流灌注情况及肾动脉流速、阻力指数,测量肾包膜至皮肤距离以及穿刺角度,选择右肾下极实质最厚处作纵、横切"十"字交叉定位,并于皮肤标记.结果 一次穿刺成功36例,一次穿刺成功率97.30%,1例因患者紧张不能配合穿刺而失败,改日后再次穿刺成功.平均每针取材长度(1.340±0.33)cm,标本长度范围0.6 cm～1.9 cm,肾小球数8.96±7.08,肾小球数范围3～46,符合病理检查诊断要求,并发症5例,发生率为13.51%.结论 彩色超声引导下应用自动活检穿刺枪行经皮肾活检安全、简便,值得推广.     

普通B超引导下行肾穿刺活检术11例

目的总结普通B超引导下自动穿刺枪肾活检的临床经验.方法取右肾下极为穿刺点,局麻后穿刺枪在B超引导下刺入肾包膜表面,进针1.5 cm.嘱患者平静呼吸,穿刺枪快速刺入肾皮质后退出.结果 11例患者平均穿刺2～3针,成功率100%,每例肾组织取材中获得肾小球15～23个,并发症：镜下血尿100%,肉眼血尿0例,肾周血肿0例,腰胀痛4例,无严重并发症.结论普通B超探头引导下自动穿刺枪肾活检简便、经济,并发症少,安全,取材好,值得推广应用.     

移植肾穿刺活检的必要性探讨及并发症分析

目的探讨移植肾穿刺活检的必要性及并发症,以指导临床治疗,并促进移植肾活检在肾移植患者中的广泛应用。方法2006年12月～2009年12月行肾移植术的146例患者,术后常规行超声引导下经皮移植肾穿刺活检,采用自动活检枪及配套16G或18G活检针穿刺,移植肾穿刺组织按Banff97分类标准进行病理诊断,并对并发症进行分析。结果146例患者共行移植肾穿刺术180次,取材成功率97．3％,光镜标本平均每份含肾小球数为（8．8±2．1）个,穿刺后出现肉眼血尿的发生率为1．10％,经对症处理后缓解。结论超声引导下移植肾穿刺活检术成功率高,并发症少且可预防,总体较为安全,值得在肾移植患者中广泛使用。     

80例儿童经皮穿刺肾活检成功率和并发症分析

目的探讨采用自动活检枪对儿童患者行肾活检的成功率和并发症。方法回顾性分析我院2001年3月至2004年8月采用自动活检枪在B超引导下对80例行肾活检患儿的临床资料和并发症。结果80例肾活检取材成功并作出病理诊断的72例(90%),肾小球0～32(11±4.8)个。共发生出血8例(10%)。2002年7月前采用普通B超引导垂直进针肾活检发生肉眼血尿3例;肾周血肿4例;2002年7月后改用穿刺探头引导斜角进针肾活检后出现肉眼血尿1例。结论掌握进针深度和角度是提高儿童肾活检成功率和减少并发症的关键。     

经皮胸穿活检的临床应用及并发症探讨

目的探讨在CT引导下应用半自动同轴活检枪对胸部占位性病变经皮穿刺活检的临床可行性及安全性。方法56例胸部占位性病变的患者,采用半自动同轴活检枪在CT引导下行经皮穿刺活检术并送病理检查,统计穿刺活检的成功率及病理检查结果;术后行CT扫描,统计穿刺活检的并发症及穿刺活检的安全性。结果半自动同轴活检枪穿刺活检的成功率为92.9%(52/56);病理检查结果:穿刺成功的52例患者中,腺癌18例、鳞癌10例、小细胞癌9例、淋巴瘤2例、胸腺瘤2例、转移癌8例、真菌感染1例、肉芽肿性炎2例;穿刺活检的并发症:合并出血和或咯血的发生率32%(18/56)、气胸发生率19.6%(11/56)、死亡率1.8%(1/56);未发生穿刺点感染、针道种植转移等其他并发症。结论半自动同轴活检枪在CT引导下对胸部占位性病变经皮穿刺活检术是一种创伤小、相对安全、确诊率高的诊断方法,可在胸部占位性疾病临床诊断中广泛推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.