采用经皮热凝神经术辅助经皮热凝三叉神经节根治疗三叉神经痛

目的总结采用经皮热凝上颚神经以辅助标准的经皮热凝三叉神经节根治疗三叉神经痛的经验.方法第一组：13例有三叉神经第二支与第三支疼痛的典型三叉神经痛病人,接受标准神经节根热凝术,同时辅助以经皮热凝眶下上颚神经.第二组：12例过去接受热凝神经节根治疗的病人,复发疼痛于V2,但V3未复发.采用经皮热凝眶下神经做为权宜的缓解疗法,而不必再施行神经节根热凝术.结果第一组病人经合并两法治疗后,获得满意的疗效,在V2区获得无痛,而V3区仅轻度麻木,且几乎没有咀嚼功能障碍,疗效维持3年,未见复发.第二组病人,仅施行简单的神经热凝术,不需重做神经节根的热凝术,即可获得满意的缓解复发疼痛,疗效可维持1年.结论针对某些病例,热凝三叉神经节根辅助以经皮热凝上颚神经,比起只做三叉神经节根热凝术的结果优越,可避免脸部过度麻木与咀嚼功能的障碍,不会产生痛性麻木.对于仅限于V2复发疼痛的病人,采用权宜简单的经皮热凝眶下神经,可有效解除其复发,而不需重做神经节根的热凝治疗,避免恶化其副作用.     

神经导航引导经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的研究

目的 探讨神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术在治疗三叉神经痛中的应用.方法 选取我科神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝治疗的156例患者资料.所有患者术前均经头部3D-CT薄层连续平扫,并将影像资料导入SteahhStation Tria Plus手术导航系统,图像经三维重建后,确认患侧卵圆孔作为靶点,在导航实时引导下进行卵圆孔穿刺,并行电生理测试,再次确认靶点的位置无误后,进行射频热凝治疗.结果 所有患者顺利穿刺成功,射频热凝术后,患者原有的面部疼痛均明显缓解或消失,术前患者VAS评分为9.67±0.47,术后VAS评分为0.22±0.57,差异有明显的统计学意义,且所有患者术后均无严重并发症.结论 神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术是一种微创,安全和疗效显著的三叉神经痛外科治疗手段.     

计算机辅助立体定向三叉神经半月节射频热凝术+甘油注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛(附26例报道)

目的探讨Brainlab立体定向手术计划系统及图像融合技术在三叉神经半月节射频热凝术+甘油注射治疗中的应用价值。方法对26例原发性三叉神经痛患者常规行MR扫描,头部安装Leksell立体定位头架后行CT扫描,将CT及MR图像输入Brainlab立体定向手术计划系统进行图像融合,直接定位半月神经节并确定穿刺路径。结果所有患者一次性穿刺成功率100%,无穿刺损伤所致并发症,术后疼痛立即消失,疗效优良率100%,术后面部感觉减退5例,均无特殊不适感。术后随访半年～1年,无继续服药患者及复发病例。结论立体定向图像融合技术能直接定位三叉神经半月节,并能对穿刺路径进行设定,结合术中电生理定位,确保能快速准确穿刺靶点,避免了穿刺的盲目性,显著提高了穿刺的准确性和治疗效果。     

经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝+甘油注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛(附85例报告)

目的 探讨采用经皮三叉神经半月节射频热凝 甘油注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛的临床结果和副作用。方法 仰卧位或坐位，Hartel前入路穿刺法，局麻下经卵圆孔穿刺三叉神经半月节，温控射频热凝对靶点进行毁损并注入甘油0．3～0．55ml。结果 疼痛消失82例，无效3例，总有效率96．5％。随访75例，随访时间平均为2．1年，8例复发，复发率为10．6％。结论 经皮三叉神经半月节射频热凝 甘油注射治疗原发性三叉神经痛，可提高治疗效果、降低复发率和副作用，它是高龄或不能耐受开颅手术病人的较好的治疗方法。     

选择性射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛1860例临床研究

目的对1860例采用选择性射频热凝治疗的三叉神经痛病例进行分析,并探讨X线、三维CT及导航卵圆孔定位在难治性三叉神经痛射频热凝治疗中的应用及技巧。方法对单纯第I支、第II支和第III支疼痛者分别进行眶上孔、眶下孔或侧入路卵圆孔射频热凝治疗。对第II支合并第III支疼痛者应用改良的Hartel前入路卵圆孔穿刺法进行温控射频热凝靶点毁损。同时对42例定位困难的三叉神经痛病人,在射频热凝治疗术中应用X线、三维CT或导航进行卵圆孔定位或在术中验证靶点。结果术后即刻疗效:优良1465例,良好326例,无疗效69例,总有效率96.3%。8个月～2年远期随访1052例,1年内复发117例,2年内复发261例,1年复发率为11.1%,2年复发率为24.8%,无严重并发症发生。结论温控热凝治疗三叉神经痛疗效可靠,X线、三维CT及导航卵圆孔定位弥补了徒手穿刺的缺陷,提高了卵圆孔穿刺的成功率和精确性,可供临床推广应用。     

The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in patients with multiple sclerosis using percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has a higher incidence among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. This cohort of MS patients with TN presents a series of management challenges including poor tolerance of antineuralgic medications and occasional bilateral presentation. We analyzed our surgical series of MS patients presenting with TN who were treated with percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy to estimate the success, failure and recurrence rate of this procedure for those patients. METHODS: Surgical reports were retrospectively reviewed between the years 1996-2000. Patients with MS and TN who received a percutaneous rhizotomy during that time were included in the study and followed until the end of 2002. Data regarding age, sex, duration of MS and pain, response to medical treatment, pain distribution and surgical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: There were thirteen patients with MS and medically refractory TN treated with percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy. The average age at diagnosis for MS was 41 with TN beginning an average of eight years later. Following rhizotomy, complete pain relief without the need for any medication was achieved in 81% of the patients. The addition of medications resulted in pain control in the remaining patients. During a mean follow-up period of 52 months, there was a 50% recurrence rate. There were no complications related to the procedure and the associated facial numbness was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of TN in patients with MS. The unique susceptibility of this cohort to the side effects of antineuralgic medications may require early consideration of rhizotomy.     

原发性三叉神经痛治疗研究进展

原发性三叉神经痛是指无明确原因引起的三又神经感觉根分布区阵发性疼痛，为临床常见病、多发病，最近报道其发病率约8／100000，50～60岁为高发年龄。根据临床症状，原发性三叉神经痛可分为典型性和不典型性。前者疼痛持续时间短，呈针刺样、电击样，后者持续时间长，可出现面部麻木。     

Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia

This investigation evaluates the results of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression (PTGC) and compares them those for microvascular decompression (MVD) in treating trigeminal neuralgia. The authors report 127 cases of trigeminal neuralgia treated by PTGC and comparing the results with those of 114 patients whom underwent MVD from 1985 to 2000. The following parameters were compared: technical success, pain relief and recurrence, complications, perioperative morbidity, and perioperative mortality. PTGC and MVD initially had similar initial success rates. However, MVD had a higher rate of pain recurrence at the first 2 years follow-up, as well as higher rates of major complications and perioperative morbidity. Meanwhile, PTGC had higher rates of facial numbness, dysesthesia and minor complications.     

经皮射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的理论研究与临床应用☆

三叉神经痛的射频治疗，是一项较成熟的治疗手段，在临床中已常规开展。射频治疗技术的疼痛缓解率高，缓解时间长，围手术期的严重并发症少，适合于老年以及合并有心血管疾病的患者。射频治疗也有一些并发症，常见有面部麻木、感觉迟钝、咀嚼肌力减退、角膜反射迟钝等。有些并发症如感觉缺失性疼痛，角膜炎对患者的生活质量影响很大。三叉神经痛的射频治疗是具有广阔前景的一种治疗方法，临床医生在治疗时应该兼顾缓解疼痛与减少并发症，最大限度提高患者的生活质量。     

Botulinum toxin A in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical effects and safety of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in treating trigeminal neuralgia and its influences on accompanied depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and quality of life. Methods and Material: Eighty-seven patients with one-branch classical trigeminal neuralgia were injected with BTX-A in the pain area. The visual analogic scale score, sleep interference score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, Hamilton Depression Scale score, and side effects were assessed at 1 week prior to and 8 weeks after treatment, respectively. Results: The effective rates after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment were 48.28%, 66.67%, 78.16%, and 80.46%, respectively. The effective rates of anxiety and depression were 90.32% and 96.77%, respectively. When compared to that before treatment, the quality of life was significantly better in terms of role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health (all P < 0.01), while physical function was not significantly improved (P = 0.317). Conclusion: BTX-A treatment can significantly relieve the pain in trigeminal neuralgia patients; improve anxiety, depression, and sleep; and increase the quality of life. BTX-A treatment is a safe and effective method to treat classical trigeminal neuralgia.     

The role of percutaneous balloon compression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia recurring after other surgical procedures

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) recurring after surgery can be difficult to treat. Treatment algorithms have not been standardized or universally accepted. Here we investigated the effectiveness of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) in the treatment of patients with TN recurrence after other surgical techniques and analyzed the role of some clinical and operative factors in determining the prognosis. The records of 22 patients (13 M and 9 F) suffering recurrent TN after one (2 gamma knife surgery, 5 percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy, 6 percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy, 3 microvascular decompression) or more (6 patients) procedures and submitted to PBC at our institution from January 2003 to February 2012 were reviewed. Seven patients had TN related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Mean follow-up was 51.81 ± 26.63 months. 81.81 % of patients reported an acute pain relief. No major complication was observed after PBC. Eight patients (36.36 %) experienced pain recurrence and underwent one (five patients) or more (three patients) PBC. At the last follow-up, we obtained an excellent outcome (BNI I–II) in 16 patients out of 22 (72.72 %) and a good outcome (BNI III) in the remaining six. No patients had an uncontrolled pain. The lack of history of MS (p = 0.0174), the pear-like shape of the balloon at the operation (p = 0.0234) and a compression time <5 min (p < 0.05) were associated to higher pain-free survival. Considering these results PBC could be considered a useful technique for patients whose pain recurs after other procedures.     

微血管减压治疗三叉神经痛

目的:观察微血管减压术对三叉神经痛的治疗效果。方法:将30例患三叉神经痛的病人行微血管减压术。术中发现26例有明确压迫血管。将压迫神经的血管用小绦纶片隔开,使之距神经5mm以上,未发现明确压迫血管的4例将附着在神经表面的静脉电灼切断之,同时将三叉神经感觉根的2/3切断。结果:26例疼痛完全消失,4例疼痛明显减轻。结论:微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛的较为理想的方法。