Antipyretic and analgesic studies of the ethanalic extract of Teclea nobilis delile

The crude ethanol extract of the leaves of an African medicinal plant Teclea nobilis has been studied for its antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The extract exhibited marked antipyretic and analgesic activities while it was found to be weakly active against carrageenin oedema.     

Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of Pongamia pinnata leaves

In the present study, the antinociceptive activity of a 70% ethanol extract of Pongamia pinnata leaves (PLE) was investigated in different models of pain in mice and rats. Further, PLE was also evaluated for its antipyretic activity in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. Per os (p.o.) administration of the PLE (100-1000 mg/kg) produced significant antinociceptive activity in the hotplate and tail flick (central) as well as in acetic acid writhing and Randall-Selitto (peripheral) nociceptive tests suggesting the involvement of both central and peripheral mechanisms in alleviating the pain response. In addition, PLE also exhibited a significant antipyretic response in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. These results demonstrated that PLE possesses marked antinociceptive as well as antipyretic activities and thus scientifically validated its use in the treatment of pain and pyretic disorders.     

Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of the Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew. leaves

A methanol extract of Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew leaves has been investigated for its analgesic and antipyretic activities in Adult Wistar and Swiss albino mice of either sex at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg orally. The extract demonstrated marked antipyretic activity against Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract demonstrated significant peripheral analgesic effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. The phytochemical tests revealed that the extract contained alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins and tannins using standard procedures. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the methanol extract of Zizyphus oxyphylla Edgew leaves possesses potent antipyretic and antinociceptive activities and thus validates its use in the treatment of pain and fever.     

Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima

The anti-inflammatory activities of five flavonoids, namely 5,7-dimethoxyflavanone (1), 5,7-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavanone (2), isobonducellin (3), 2′-hydroxy-2,3,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone (4) and bonducellin (5), all of them isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. was studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ activated murine peritoneal macrophages. These five compounds significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the inflammatory mediators; nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and interleukin (IL)-12]. According to their inhibitory results, the order of anti-inflammatory potency was compounds 3 > 5 > 4 > 2 > 1. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages were pre-activated with LPS/IFN-γ for 24 h, and determined the inhibitory effects of the above-mentioned isolates on the production of NO after a further 24 h. The present study supports the use of Caesalpinia pulcherrima for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in traditional medicine. This is the first study on compounds 1–5 about their anti-inflammatory activities.     

苦石莲皮和仁中挥发性成分对比研究

目的:对比苦石莲皮和仁中挥发性成分。方法:利用有机溶剂-水蒸气蒸馏法提取苦石莲挥发油,用GC-MS进行测定,色谱柱为HP-5MS5%Phenyl Methyl Siloxane弹性石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果:苦石莲皮中分离出115个化学成分,鉴定出63个化学成分,占总挥发性成分的54.7%,其中相对百分含量大于2.0%有5种;苦石莲仁中分离出102个化学成分,鉴定出51个化学成分,占总挥发性成分的50.0%,其中相对百分含量大于2.0%有7种。苦石莲皮和仁挥发性成分中有40种相同成分,其中皮中含量最高的是柠檬烯(5.31%),仁中含量最高的是己醇(12.94%)。结论:本实验首次对苦石莲皮和仁挥发性成分进行对比研究。为有效控制苦石莲药材质量及深度开发该药材提供参考数据。     

含羞云实种子中的黄酮类成分

目的:研究含羞云实种子的化学成分。方法:采用多种色谱技术对乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化。结果:从种子中分离并鉴定得到11个黄酮类化合物(包括高异黄酮),分别为:(E)-3-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)-5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one(1)、5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxybenzylidene)chroman-4-one(2)、eucomin(3)、(R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one(4)、(R)-5,7-dihydroxy-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxybenzyl)chroman-4-one(5)、evofolin-B(6)、kaempferol(7)、5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone(8)、柚皮素(9)、槲皮素(10)、木犀草素(11)。结论:其中,化合物1、2、4~9、11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Chemical constituents from heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan with antiplatelet aggregation activities

Objective:To clarify the active constituents of the heartwoods of Caesalpinia sappan,a traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of promoting blood circulation(Huoxue in Chinese) and removing blood stasis(Quyu in Chinese).Methods:The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combination of silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,along with semipreparative HPLC.Their chemical structures were established by multiple spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.The in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities were evaluated using mouse platelet induced by AYPGKF-NH2,a gold agonist of protease-activated receptor 4(PAR4).Results:Two new phenols,methyl 2-(4,4',5'-trihydroxy-2'-(methoxymethyl) biphenyl-2-yloxy) acetate(1)and 1'-methylcaesalpin J(2),together with 24 known compounds(3-26),were isolated from the heartwoods of C.sappan.Among them,sappanchalcone(16) and brazilin(20) showed inhibitory activities against mouse platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 114.8 μmol/L and 100.8 μmol/L,respectively.Conclusion:Antiplatelet compounds from C.sappan targeting at PAR4 are reported for the first time.     

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of the extract of gamboge from Garcinia hanburyi Hook f

In Thai folklore medicine, gamboge, the yellow gum-resin secreted from Garcinia hanburyi, is used for infected wound, pain and edema The ethyl acetate extract from Garcinia hanburyi (GH5763) was assessed for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities using experimental animal models. It was found that GH5763 possessed inhibitory activity on acute phase of inflammation as seen in ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced hind paw edema in rats. However, GH5763 did not elicit any inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid-induced hind paw edema. In subchronic inflammatory model, GH5763 provoked a significant reduction of both transudative and proliferative phase when tested on cotton pellet-induced granuloma model. GH5763 also reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity in serum of rats in this animal model. In the analgesic test, GH5763 elicited inhibitory activity on acetic acid-induced writhing response and on both the early and the late phase of formalin test. Moreover, GH5763 also possessed an excellent antipyretic effect when tested in yeast-induced hyperthermic rats. It is postulated that the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of GH5763 are caused by the inhibition of the prostaglandin biosynthesis.     

Preliminary studies of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Caesalpinia ferrea crude extract

The crude aqueous extract of the fruits of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Leguminosae) has been investigated for possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by oral administration of 300 mg/kg of this extract. A centrally mediated analgesic effect was not observed, however, there was a dose dependent reduction in the number of total writhes induced by acetic acid.     

Antimicrobial activity of seed extracts and bondenolide from Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb

The antibacterial and antifungal activities, along with a phytotoxicity test of the newly isolated diterpene bondenolide (1), of a methanol extract, ethylacetate fraction and water soluble part of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. were assayed.     

苏木的化学成分研究

目的研究苏木Caesalpinia sappan的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,通过理化性质、波谱数据及与对照品共薄层色谱鉴定化合物结构。结果从苏木心材95%乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位分离并鉴定了11个化合物,分别为1-羟基-7-甲氧基呫吨酮(1)、2-羟基呫吨酮(2)、1,5-二羟基呫吨酮(3)、1,7-二羟基呫吨酮(4)、大黄酚(5)、木栓酮(6)、熊果酸(7)、β-谷甾醇棕榈酸酯(8)、麦角甾烷-4,6,8(14),22(23)-四烯-3-酮(9)、豆甾醇(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)。结论除化合物10、11外,其余均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1～5为首次从云实属植物中分离得到,同时也是该属植物中首次分得的呫吨酮和蒽醌类化合物。     

苦石莲提取物抗炎镇痛作用的实验研究

目的 观察苦石莲不同提取物的抗炎镇痛作用.方法 用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法和角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀法研究抗炎作用,用热板法和扭体法研究镇痛作用.结果 苦石莲醇提取物8 g/kg、氯仿提取物4,8 g/kg对小鼠二甲苯致耳肿胀及角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀有抑制作用;苦石莲醇提取物4,8 g/kg、氯仿提取物4,8 g/kg能减少冰乙酸致小鼠扭体次数和提高热板致痛小鼠痛阈值.结论 苦石莲具有显著的抗炎和镇痛作用.     

灭炎灵口服液的退热降温和镇静作用

灭炎灵口服液对啤酒酵母和三联伤寒菌苗致热的动物体温,有一定的退热作用。对正常大、小鼠体温有降温作用。对小鼠退热和降温作用的ED₅₀分别为20g/kg和50g/kg。大剂量(60g/kg)对小鼠中枢神经系统有一定的抑制作用。     

中国云实属果实与种子形态特征及其分类鉴定学意义

目的:建立中国云实属果实与种子形态特征分类方法。方法:将野外采集的成熟果实置室内阴干,观察形态并描述后剥取种子观察描述。结果:中国云实属果实与种子形态特征种间区别明显,性状稳定,列出了分种检索表。结论:可以作为种级水平分类依据。     

热毒平的解热作用研究

对于内毒素、类脂A、肿瘤坏死因子．干扰素、鹿角菜胶、酵母或2.4-二硝基酚引致家兔或大鼠的实验性发热．热毒平灌服有显著的解热作用。量效关系明显。对内毒素或类脂A所致发热．热毒平作用尤强．lg／kg的作用与100mg／kg阿斯匹林相当；对于鹿角菜胶、酵母及2.1-二硝基酚性发热，2g／kg的热毒平的作用与100mg／kg阿斯匹林相当。本文还对七种发热模型的病因、过程和特点与中医临床证候的比类进行了讨论。     

龙胆碱的解热作用及机制研究

目的:比较龙胆水提液,龙胆碱及龙胆苦苷解热作用的差异,初步探讨龙胆碱的解热作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠,经筛选后随机分为空白对照组、发热模型组、龙胆碱组,龙胆苦苷组及龙胆水提组,采用干酵母皮下注射方法制备发热模型,于模型制备后6 h,分别ip龙胆碱溶液(100 mg.kg-1)、龙胆苦苷溶液(200 mg.kg-1)及ig龙胆水煎液(4 000 mg.kg-1)后分别于各个时间点监测直肠温度,比较三者作用的差异性;采用放射免疫法测定大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)及下丘脑内环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)含量。结果:龙胆碱、龙胆苦苷、龙胆水提液,均能降低发热模型大鼠体温,三者对体温指数(TRI9)的影响分别为:0.86±0.32,1.56±0.27,1.47±0.31,与模型组比较,其差异具有显著性(P≤0.05);放射免疫结果显示,给药组IL-6,PGE2含量分别为(42.46±3.84),(103.30±7.38)ng.L-1,含量明显低于模型组,其差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:龙胆碱、龙胆苦苷及龙胆水提液均具有一定的解热作用,但龙胆碱的解热作用强于后者,龙胆碱可能是中药龙胆解热作用的更直接物质;龙胆碱的解热作用机制可能与降低血清中IL-6水平,进而影响下丘脑PGE2含量有关。     

Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of pine (Pinus densiflora) pollen extract

The study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity of pine (Pinus densiflora) pollen in mice. The antinociceptive activity was determined using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction and formalin-induced licking, and the hot plate test. Antiinflammatory effects were evaluated using carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema, and arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice. The ethanol extract of pine pollen (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant inhibition of both phases of the formalin pain test in mice, a reduction in mouse writhing induced by acetic acid and an elevation of the pain threshold in the hot plate test in mice. The pine pollen extract also produced a significant inhibition of carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema as well as arachidonic acid-induced ear edema in mice. The inhibitions were similar to those produced by aminopyrine and indomethacin, p.o. The different polyphenols found in pine pollen could account for the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory actions. The results obtained indicate that the extract possesses analgesic and antiinflammatory effects.     

复方栀子注射液解热抗炎作用的研究

目的研究复方栀子注射液解热抗炎的作用。方法通过家兔细菌内毒素发热、大鼠干酵母发热实验观察其解热作用;通过大鼠角叉菜胶所致足肿胀、小鼠二甲苯耳肿胀模型观察其抗炎作用。结果复方栀子注射液2mL/kg剂量组能明显减轻细菌内毒素所致家兔发热反应和干酵母所致大鼠发热反应;2、4mL/kg剂量组能显著抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀和二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀。结论复方栀子注射液具有明显的解热、抗炎作用。     

Antipyretic Effects of Liposoluble Fractions of Viola yedoensis

Objective To clarify the antipyretic effect of the Chinese materia medica, Violae Herba(Viola yedoensis), and its active fractions by examining the effects of V. yedoensis extracts with differing polarities on body temperature, total white blood cell(WBC) count, WBC differential count, and total serum complement of rabbits with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced fever. Methods The rabbits were treated with water and ethanolic extracts of V. yedoensis, as well as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ethanolic extract at low-, mid- and high- doses. The LPS was injected via the ear vein of rabbits in model and treatment groups 30 min post-gavage. Their body temperature was measured at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 h after the LPS challenge to calculate the temperature changes and thermal response index. After the last temperature measurement, blood samples were collected to determine the blood cell counts and total serum complement(CH50) level. Results Compared with the model group, body temperature was significantly lower in the low-dose ethanolic extract group, low- and mid-dose petroleum ether fraction groups, and all three ethyl acetate fraction groups. Serum CH50 levels were lower in all treatment groups, except the ethanolic extract groups, than that in the model group, with no significant difference. V. yedoensis had no significant effect on the blood cells of febrile rabbits challenged with LPS for 6 h. Conclusion The antipyretic effects of V. yedoensis are strong, and its active fractions are the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extract.