降低头颈部CTA锁骨下静脉对比剂滞留的可行性研究

目的 探讨通过优化128排螺旋CT头颈部联合CTA锁骨下静脉对比剂滞留的扫描方案,以减轻滞留对比剂形成的伪影对锁骨下动脉狭窄诊断的影响。方法 250例患者按照生理盐水不同注射速率及不同用量分成A(以4mL/s注射20mL)、B(以4mL/s注射40mL)、C(以4m L/s注射60mL)、D(以5mL/s注射60mL)、E(以3mL/s注射60mL)五组,通过主客观评价比较五组扫描方案的图像质量。结果 A、B、C组两两对比,客观评价发现C组锁骨下静脉CT值低于A、B组,存在统计学差异;主观评价:B、C组优于A组,存在统计学差异;C、D、E三组两两对比,主观及客观评价均发现C、D组优于E组,存在统计学差异,C、D组之间无差异。结论 适合的注射方案对降低128排螺旋CT头颈部联合扫描CTA锁骨下静脉造影剂滞留具有重要意义。     

低剂量与常规剂量对比剂在头颈部血管造影中的对比

目的前瞻性研究低剂量对比剂在头颈部CT血管造影(CTA)中应用的可行性。方法将61例行头颈部CTA检查病人随机分为2组,低剂量组29例使用50mL对比剂,剂量体质量比平均为(0.70±0.09)mL/kg;常规剂量组32例使用70mL对比剂,剂量体质量比平均为(1.00±0.14)mL/kg。比较两组病人在主动脉弓、舌骨和大脑中动脉层面动脉CT值以及锁骨下静脉伪影、静脉充盈程度、重建图像质量。结果低剂量对比剂所得动脉CT值在舌骨层面与常规剂量比较差异无显著性(t=0.551,P>0.05),在主动脉弓和大脑中动脉层面低于常规剂量(t=2.862、2.014,P<0.05)。使用低剂量对比剂产生的锁骨下静脉伪影较常规剂量显著降低(z=3.306,P<0.05)。两组颈部静脉充盈程度和重建图像质量比较差异无显著性(z=0.046、0.910,P>0.05)。结论对128层CT而言,应用低剂量对比剂进行头颈部动脉血管成像是可行的,可以满足临床诊断的要求。     

低剂量对比剂在多排CT头颈部血管造影中的可行性分析

目的研究低剂量对比剂在多排螺旋CT头颈部血管造影中的可行性分析。方法选取2012年1月至2018年12月我院180例进行头颈部血管造影的患者,其中检查采用低剂量对比剂的患者92例(对比剂50mL,低剂量组),正常对比剂量88例(对比剂70mL,正常组),采用多排螺旋CT头颈部血管造影后比较两组头颈部血管CT值、头颈部血管成像对比剂显影CT值、对比剂静脉残留显影CT值以及图像质量。结果低剂量组双侧CCA起始部、SA、V2、CCA环、ECA起始部、ICA起始部及虹吸部、单侧左A2TC值低于正常组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组对比剂显影后主动脉弓、颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉及大脑中断动脉M1段的CT值明显低于正常组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组对比剂静脉残留显影中上腔静脉、颈内静脉及头臂静脉以及锁骨下静脉均低于正常组;低剂量组对比剂图像重量优、差显著优于正常组,组间差异统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多排螺旋CT头颈部血管造影采用低剂量对比剂是可行的。     

64排螺旋CT头颈联合CTA成像中自动跟踪与手动触发技术的应用

目的:探讨自动跟踪与手动触发技术在Philips 64排螺旋CT对头颈联合CTA成像图像质量的影响。方法:将接受头颈联合CTA检查的100例患者按照随机数字表法分为A组和B组各50例。A组于监控层面主动脉弓层感兴趣区域CT值达阈值(阈值设定为90 HU)后自动跟踪智能触发扫描。B组在对比剂开始注射后观察监控层主动脉弓层对比剂的增强程度,当观察到对比剂开始进入监控层时按下手动按钮触发扫描。统计分析两组的图像质量、记录监控时间,剔除不成功及显示欠佳的图像,分别测量主动脉弓层、颈总动脉分叉下C5段、颈内动脉C1段、大脑中动脉的平均CT值。结果:B组的图像质量明显优于A组,差异有统计学意义(字2=6.205,P=0.044)。B组的监控时间(13.32±1.63)s明显少于A组的(14.24±1.73)s,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。B组所测得的主动脉弓层平均CT值明显低于A组(P0.05),两组的颈总动脉分叉下C5段、颈内动脉C1段、大脑中动脉的平均CT值比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:手动触发技术比自动跟踪智能触发技术更易获得满足诊断要求的图像,更省时。     

Revolution CT 70 kVp低管电压联合等渗碘对比剂在头颈心“一站式”CTA中的应用价值

目的 探讨Revolution CT 70 kVp低管电压联合等渗碘对比剂（碘克沙醇320 mgI/mL）在头颈心“一站式”CT血管成像（Computed Tomography Angiography,CTA）中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性收集我院2022年8月至2023年4月行头颈心“一站式”CTA的患者50例,并按随机数字表法分为A、B两组,各25例。A组管电压70 kVp,碘克沙醇320 mgI/mL;B组管电压100 kVp,碘美普尔400 mgI/mL,对比剂剂量均按0.7 mL/kg计算。比较两组患者图像质量的客观评价和主观评分指标、辐射剂量和摄碘量。结果 A组冠状动脉主干及分支血管、头颈部动脉的平均CT值和SD值均高于B组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;但A组图像的信噪比及对比噪声比与B组相比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A、B两组冠状动脉CTA和头颈部CTA的图像质量差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两名医师对冠状动脉和头颈部血管图像质量的主观评分一致性好（分别为0.839、0.719和0.762、0.749）。与B组相比,A组冠状动脉CTA...     

大螺距和双低剂量CT血管成像在心脑一站式联合扫描中的应用研究

目的探讨Force CT大螺距和双低剂量CT血管成像在心脑一站式联合扫描中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析178例患者CTA资料。A组58例:头颈心一站式联合扫描CTA,应用大螺距、双低剂量及前瞻性心电门控行冠状动脉、头颈部动脉一站式联合扫描; B组60例:冠状动脉CTA:前瞻性心电门控行常规冠状动脉成像; C组60例:常规头颈部动脉CTA。对各组图像质量进行主、客观评价,对A组与B组冠状动脉图像质量及A组与C组头颈部动脉图像质量进行主观评分,客观记录并比较各组升主动脉根部、左前降支、颈总动脉分叉处、大脑中动脉M1段图像CT值、对比噪声比（CNR）及图像噪声（SD）,计算并比较各组的辐射剂量（ED）和平均碘摄入量。结果 A组与B组冠状动脉图像质量评分、升主动脉根部及左前降支CT值和图像噪声差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）; A组与C组头颈部动脉图像质量评分、颈总动脉分叉处及大脑中动脉M1段CT值和图像噪声差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。A组与（B+C）组辐射剂量、平均碘摄入量差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,辐射剂量降低约79.7%,平均碘摄入量降低约46.1%。结论大螺距双低剂量CT血管成像心脑一站式检查在保证图像质量的同时大幅度降低了辐射剂量,减少了对比剂碘量的摄入。     

CT灌注成像联合CT血管成像时头颈部CT血管成像扫描延长时间的初步研究

目的探讨应用脑CT灌注峰值时间来预测头颈部CT血管成像（CTA）检查扫描延迟时间的可行性。方法回顾性分析80例头颈部CTA检查患者,按随机数字表随机分为A组（40例,采取经验法选取延时20s扫描）和B组（40例,采取CTP-CTA联合扫描技术）,测量左侧大脑中动脉M1段近端和上矢状窦,C4椎体水平左侧颈总动脉和颈内静脉的CT值,并计算同层动静脉CT值差。结果 （1）B组较A组头颈部动脉CT值高（P〈0.05）,同层动静脉对比度较A组清楚。（2）B组扫描所采集的数据进行重建后均得到满意的头颈部血管图像;A组扫描所采集的数据进行重建后得到头颈部血管图像,其中3例（7.5%）因扫描时间过早、5例（12.5%）因扫描时间过晚而致头颈部血管图像显示不佳。结论 64排螺旋CT头颈部CTA联合应用脑CTP检查中,通过测量脑CT灌注峰值时间预测头颈部CTA检查扫描延迟时间是保障头颈部CTA检查成功的一种较好的方法 。     

宽体探测器CT冠脉联合头颈部及主动脉CT血管成像“一站式”扫描的应用价值

目的：初步探讨宽体探测器CT冠脉联合头颈部及主动脉CT血管成像（CT angiography,CTA）“一站式”扫描的应用价值。方法：分析80例患者CTA资料,分为A组（n=40）和B组（n=40）。A组临床怀疑主动脉夹层行主动脉CTA成像,疑心脑血管累及后再次行心脑血管联合成像,B组行冠脉CTA联合头颈部及主动脉CTA“一站式”检查,对2组扫描获得的图像进行主观评价及客观评价,比较两组的图像质量、对比剂用量、辐射剂量及检查耗时。结果：2组患者的年龄、性别、心率、体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）及辐射剂量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,2组患者的图像质量均可满足诊断需求,图像主观评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,大脑中动脉M1段、颈总动脉、椎动脉V4段、右冠状动脉、左前降支、左旋支、主动脉根部、降主动脉、腹主动脉、髂总动脉的CT值、对比噪声比（contrast nosie ratio,CNR）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。B组对比剂使用量较A组减少约45%,检查耗时较A组减少约52%,2组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：宽体探测器CT“一站式”联合扫描,可同时获得满足临床诊断需求的冠脉、头颈及主动脉血管图像,操作简便,耗时短,对比剂用量少,在主动脉夹层患者术前评估中具有一定的临床应用价值。     

低电压小剂量对比剂在主动脉CT血管造影检查的可行性研究

目的：探讨64排CT进行大范围动脉血管检查应用低电压、小剂量对比剂的可行性。方法：前瞻性将72例行主动脉血管CT血管造影（CTA）检查患者随机分为A组20例、B组32例和C组20例。各组扫描参数、对比剂用量分别为A组：120 kV、260 mA、80 mL;B组：120 kV、260 mA、50 mL;C组：80 kV、260 mA、50 mL。比较并统计各组间肝门水平位置的主动脉部强化程度从而评估图像质量以及有效吸收剂量的差异。结果：主动脉CT值超过200 HU的峰值持续时间为（10±4）s。动脉平均增强CT值,A组大于B组,B组大于C组,但没有统计学差异,图像质量A、B、C 3组均能满足诊断要求。患者有效吸收剂量C组明显低于A、B两组（P〈0.01）。结论：应用64排CT进行主动脉血管检查,使用小剂量对比剂及低管电压可行,图像质量满足诊断需要,患者的吸收剂量下降。     

小剂量团注测试技术在头颈部宝石CTA中的应用

目的 探讨小剂量对比剂团注测试(test bolus)的扫描方案在宝石CT头颈部动脉成像中的应用价值.方法 将100例行头颈部CTA检查者分为A、B两组,各50例.A组:用20 mL对比剂及20 mL生理盐水团注测试.B组:用4 mL对比剂及20 mL生理盐水团注测试.两组测试完后均用50 mL对比剂及50 mL生理盐水行增强扫描.利用微钙化点感兴趣区域(MROI)分析软件观察并测量test期C4段颈总动脉、平扫期C4段颈总动脉及大脑中动脉CT值,采用双盲法,由两名有经验的放射科CT技师分别独立进行评价分析.结果 两名技师对两组test期C4段颈总动脉强化情况的评分结果的差异均无统计学意义(U=208、236,P＞0.05).两名技师对两组test期C4段颈总动脉、平扫期C4段颈总动脉及大脑中动脉CT值测量结果中,两组间差异均无统计学意义(t=0.276、0.243,P＞0.05).结论 宝石CT行头颈CTA检查时,应用4 mL对比剂及20 mL生理盐水团注测试,同样能获得良好的图像质量,能满足C4段颈总动脉达峰时间的准确测量,还降低了总对比剂的用量.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.