PCI和CABG术对高龄慢性冠脉闭塞病变患者QT、QTc和JT离散度的影响及与心功能的相关性

目的对高龄冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）和冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）术前、后的QT间期离散度（QTd）、校正QT间期离散度（QTcd）、JT间期离散度（JTd）的变化及与心功能相关性的研究。方法利用标准同步12导联心电图和二维彩色多普勒超声心动图对51例行PCI和CABG手术前后的高龄冠心病患者的QTd、QTcd和JTd离散度和心功能进行检测。结果高龄冠脉闭塞患者PCI与CABG术后的QTd、QTcd及JTd较手术前均显著缩短（P<0.01）,高龄冠脉闭塞患者PCI与CABG术后的心功能指数（LVEF,E）明显增加（P<0.01）。高龄冠脉闭塞患者PCI与CABG术后的QTd及JTd的显著缩短与LVEF的增加呈正相关。结论对于高龄患者严重狭窄或完全闭塞的冠状动脉由于尚有存活心肌,再通后部分存活心肌可恢复电、机械功能,这对挽救这些存活心肌具有重要意义。     

严重左心室功能不全冠心病的外科手术治疗

目的总结严重左心室功能不全（LVEF≤35％）冠心病患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的临床经验。方法回顾性研究分析23例有严重左心室功能不全冠心病患者行CABG的临床资料,其中合并左主干病变18例,合并室壁瘤6例,合并室间隔穿孔1例;16例采取非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术,7例在体外循环下行冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果死亡2例,21例患者治愈出院。随诊6～36个月,无死亡．2例患者有心绞痛发作。结论CABG术对有严重左心室功能不全的冠心病是有效的治疗方法,手术效果取决于存活心肌的多少和可再血管化血管的数量。     

Comparison of long-term outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting versus drug-eluting stents in triple-vessel coronary artery disease

After the introduction of drug-eluting stents (DESs), percutaneous coronary intervention with DESs has challenged coronary artery bypass grafting as the gold standard for the treatment of 3-vessel coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term clinical results between percutaneous coronary intervention with DESs and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in 3-vessel coronary artery disease. Two hundred ninety propensity-score matched patients with 3-vessel coronary artery disease treated by DESs or OPCAB were included. Mean follow-up duration was 58.8 ± 11.5 months (2 to 73) and follow-up rate was 97.9%. Five-year survival rates were 94.8 ± 2.1% in the DES group and 96.5 ± 1.5% in the OPCAB group (p = 0.658). Five-year rates of freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event were 71.6 ± 4.1% in the DES group and 89.6 ± 2.5% in the OPCAB group (p < 0.001). Freedom from nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization rates were the determining factors between the 2 groups (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001, respectively). The OPCAB group showed better clinical outcomes compared to the DES group in 3-vessel coronary artery disease after 5-year follow-up. Freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rate was significantly higher in the OPCAB group mainly because of the lower incidence of target vessel revascularization and nonfatal myocardial infarction. Longer follow-up with randomization will clarify our present conclusions.     

Does Totally Endoscopic Access for Off-pump Cardiac Surgery Influence the Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting? A Preliminary Report

Background The occurrence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting, quoted in the literature, is wide ranging from 5% to over 40%. It is speculated that, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) and also minimally invasive cardiac surgery reduces the incidence of postoperative AF due to reduced trauma, ischemia, and inflammation. Current data, however, do not clearly answer the question, whether the incidence of postoperative AF is reduced in using minimally invasive techniques, ideally resulting in the combination of both small access and off-pump surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative AF in patients undergoing totally endoscopic off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB).Methods A retrospective analysis of 72 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization was performed. Early postoperative incidence of AF was compared between three groups of patients: 24 after conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 24 after OPCAB, and 24 after totally endoscopic off-pump CABG. Clinical profile of the patients, including factors having potential influence on postoperative AF was matched for groups.Results Postoperative AF occurred in 25% of the patients in the CABG group, in 16% of the patients in the OPCAB group, and in 16% of the patients in the TECAB group. This difference has no statistical significance. Risk factors and incidence of postoperative complications were comparable in all groups excepting the number of distal anastomoses. There was a statistical significance between CABG group and TECAB group.Conclusion Avoiding cardiopulmonary bypass and minimizing surgical trauma did not reduce the incidence of postoperative AF in this patient collective. It remains an attractive hypothesis that postoperative AF is reduced by off-pump myocardial revascularisation and minimizing surgical trauma but more robust data are required.     

Comparison of effectiveness of coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

The REvascularization in Ischemic HEart Failure Trial (REHEAT) is a nonrandomized, case-controlled, prospective study assessing the hypothesis that surgical and percutaneous revascularizations in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy are associated with comparable improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and functional status 12 months after myocardial revascularization. The study population consisted of 141 patients with LVEFs of <40% and angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease. The primary end point was improvement in LVEF 12 months after intervention. Secondary end points were in-hospital major adverse events, length of hospitalization, exercise tolerance of treadmill stress testing after 12 months, 1-year survival, 1-year event-free survival, angina, and heart failure severity after 12 months. The case-controlled study included 55 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and 54 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The incidence of 30-day major adverse events was higher in the CABG group (40.7% vs 9%, p = 0.0003), whereas duration of hospital stay was shorter in the PCI group (6.8 +/- 3.6 vs 9.2 +/- 2.1 days, p = 0.00001). Increase in LVEF was comparable after PCI and CABG (6.0 +/- 7.2% vs 4.4 +/- 9.0% p = 0.12). Long-term functional status based on treadmill stress testing was better after PCI (Student's t test, p = 0.0003) but, according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society and New York Heart Association classifications, was similar in the 2 treatment arms (Wilcoxon test, p <0.01). Long-term survival was significantly better for patients after PCI (Wilcoxon test, p <0.01); however, major adverse event-free survival was better after CABG (Cox-Mantel test, p = 0.0013). In conclusion, PCI and CABG are associated with comparable improvements in LVEF in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. PCI offers a better 1-year survival rate than CABG, but the incidence of repeat revascularization is lower with CABG.     

Outcome of off-pump coronary artery bypass in renal dialysis patients

BACKGROUND: Renal dialysis patients are a subgroup at major operative risk when undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Even though CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has decreased the surgical risk and provided good short-term results, the long-term survival seems uncertain. We report here on the long-term outcome of CABG without CPB in renal dialysis patients. METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 44 renal dialysis patients underwent elective CABG without CPB, including 17 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) and 27 off-pump CABG (OPCAB) procedures. There were 5 one-vessel, 12 two-vessel and 27 multi-vessel coronary artery disease patients, who mainly had left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) grafting with an additional saphenous vein graft to non-LAD coronaries. RESULTS: All 44 patients were followed up for 44.4 +/- 31.2 months. Three (6.8 %) surgical deaths within 30 days occurred and 25 late mortalities happened over a period of 2 - 79 months. The 5-year cumulative rate of total survival is 38.2 % and the freedom from cardiac death is 70.9 %. Using hazard analysis, old age (> 60 years) and incomplete coronary revascularization was found to significantly affect the total survival. CONCLUSIONS: CABG without CPB provided an acceptable surgical mortality and morbidity. The high incidence of non-cardiac death associated with dialysis complications had an adverse impact on the overall outcome. The LITA bypass operation method combined with intensive care for dialysis complications would hopefully fulfill the goal to improve the short- and long-term results in this subgroup.     

Revascularization of left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with single and multivessel disease: comparison between off-pump internal thoracic artery and drug-eluting stent

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The left anterior descending artery (LADA), particularly when the proximal segment of the vessel is involved, is a challenging area for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs); therefore, coronary artery bypass grafting is often considered and sometimes performed even in patients with single-vessel disease involving the LADA. This study compares mid-term results of LADA revascularization with a drug-eluting stent (DES), with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) in patients with single-vessel or multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN: Matched-groups, retrospective cohort comparison between the DES and OPCAB. PATIENTS: From June 2002 to December 2003, 354 patients underwent myocardial revascularization of the LADA by OPCAB, and 168 by DES. After matching for age, sex, and extent of CAD, two groups (116 patients each) were used to compare the two revascularization modalities. The groups were similar; however, an ejection fraction of <30%, old myocardial infarction, and use of an intraaortic balloon pump were more prevalent in the OPCAB group. RESULTS: The average number of coronary vessels treated per patient in the two groups was similar (OPCAB, 1.97; DES, 1.6; p = 0.581). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.9% in the OPCAB group and 0% in the DES group (p = 0.329). The mean duration of follow-up was 12 months. There was one late death in each group. Angina returned in 31% of patients in the DES group and in 11.2% of the patients in the OPCAB group (p = 0.001). There were 12 reinterventions in the DES group compared to three reinterventions in the surgical group (p = 0.020). The only independent predictor (Cox proportional hazards regression model) of the return of angina (risk ratio [RR], 3.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57 to 7.14) and reintervention (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.34 to 11.24) was assignment to the DES group. CONCLUSIONS: The mid-term clinical outcome of OPCAB in patients with CAD, including multivessel disease, was better than that for PCIs with only one DES used in patients with similar extents of CAD.     

Beating-heart on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting vs. off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundBeating-heart on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), otherwise known as BH-ONCAB, can reduce myocardial injury by preserving native coronary blood flow while maintaining hemodynamic stability by the effective support of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study aimed to identify whether BH-ONCAB confers a survival, mortality, or morbidity benefit over off-pump CABG (OPCAB).MethodsA systematic literature review identified 18 studies incorporating 5,615 patients (1,548 BH-ONCAB and 4,067 OPCAB cases) who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Outcome measures were meta-analyzed using random-effects modeling. Between-study heterogeneity was investigated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis.ResultsThe results demonstrated comparable early mortality and long-term survival between BH-ONCAB and OPCAB coronary revascularization with no significant statistical differences. The incidences of stroke, renal failure, blood loss, and arrhythmias were significantly higher in patients who underwent BH-ONCAB than patients who underwent OPCAB. However, BH-ONCAB conferred lower rates of incomplete revascularization and greater numbers of distal anastomoses.ConclusionsBH-ONCAB is a safe and comparable alternative to OPCAB in terms of early mortality and late survival. BH-ONCAB may confer particular advantages in preventing incomplete revascularization and allowing more distal anastomoses compared to OPCAB. However, BH-ONCAB was associated with more postoperative complications due to the use of CPB. Future work should focus on larger matched studies and multicenter randomized controlled trials to optimize our surgical revascularization strategies.     

冠状动脉旁路术与左心室功能关系研究

目的研究冠状动脉旁路术（CABG）术前与术后早期左室功能的变化,并找出其影响因素。方法 103例行CABG术患者,应用心脏彩色多普勒超声测定其术前及术后4～7 d左室射血分数（LVEF）、缩短分数（FS）及二尖瓣血流E峰与A峰的比值（E/A）。结果术后LVEF值、FS值较术前减低（P〈0.01）;术前LVEF值、术前FS值、左前降支狭窄程度、NYHA心功能分级是影响左室功能下降的主要因素。结论 CABG术后早期可出现左室收缩功能下降,为缺血再灌注后的心肌顿抑现象,应积极加以治疗。     

Early and late results of coronary angioplasty and bypass in octogenarians

Early and late results were evaluated for octogenarians undergoing first time revascularization with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The study group consisted of 142 patients with CABG and 53 with PTCA. The groups with PTCA and CABG differed with respect to number of patients with angina class III to IV (92 and 67%, respectively; p less than 0.001), number with 3-vessel disease (34 and 77%, respectively; p less than 0.001), presence of left main trunk disease (2 and 24%, respectively; p less than 0.001) and number with normal or mildly impaired left ventricular function (82 and 65%, respectively; p less than 0.034). The groups with PTCA and CABG had similar procedural complications, including myocardial infarction (6 and 4%, respectively) and stroke (0 and 4%, respectively). Hospital mortality was low (6% with CABG and 2% with PTCA). Three year survival, excluding hospital mortality, was 87% in patients with CABG and 81% in those with PTCA (p = 0.493). Octogenarians underwent revascularization procedures with relatively low morbidity and mortality. In regard to the excellent long-term survival, "very" elderly patients with severe coronary artery disease should be considered for revascularization despite advanced age.     

不停跳冠脉搭桥对中度缺血性二尖瓣反流的影响

目的 研究冠心病伴中度缺血性二尖瓣反流（IMR）患者行不停跳冠脉搭桥单纯血运重建手术后对二尖瓣反流的影响.探讨冠心病伴缺血性二尖瓣反流的治疗策略.方法 对59例冠心病伴中度IMR行不停跳冠脉搭桥术（OPCAB）;对30例冠心病伴中度IMR行体外循环下搭桥术（CABG）同期二尖瓣成形术（MVP）.术后随访7～71（35.69±17.88）个月,比较两组NYHA心功能分级、二尖瓣反流程度、心超左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左室收缩末内径（LVESD）、左室射血分数（LVEF）的改善情况.结果 两组术中平均吻合血管数无差异;OPCAB组术后引流量平均（591±346）ml,明显少于CABG＋MVP组[（706±371）ml],P〈0.05.术后6个月两组NYHA心功能均优于术前,但组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;CABG＋MVP组IMR减轻程度明显大于OPCAB组（P〈0.05）;OPCAB组术后LVEDD无改善,CABG＋MVP组术后LVEDD减小（P〈0.05）;两组术后LVESD均无明显变化;术后LVEF两组均改善（P〈0.05）,改善程度组间差异无统计学意义.结论 OPCAB单纯血运重建手术创伤较小,术后患者的心功能及二尖瓣反流程度都得到了显著改善.虽然二尖瓣成形术在降低缺血性二尖瓣反流方面更有效.但对于中度IMR和有高度手术风险的患者,OPCAB可能是更优的治疗方案.     

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting improves short-term outcomes compared with minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting

Background

Robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafts (RACAB) utilizing the da Vinci surgical system are increasingly used and allow the surgeon to conveniently harvest internal mammary arteries (IMAs). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of off-pump RACAB and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the short and medium term.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of 132 patients with single- or multiple-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent minimally invasive off-pump CABG (OPCAB) between May 2009 and May 2014. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical approach, MIDCAB and RACAB group. The anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was performed as regular OPCAB through the incision on the beating heart using regular stabilization devices (Genzyme Corporation). The preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data, including major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), were compared.

Results

The preoperative data were similar. RACAB significantly shorten the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and postoperative compared with the MIDCAB group (P<0.05). There were 12 (19.7%) patients treated with a two-stage hybrid procedure in the MIDCAB group and 34 (47.9%) patients in the RACAB group (P=0.001). Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% in the MIDCAB group. There were 9 (14.7%) MIDCAB patients and 2 (2.8%) RACAB patients (P=0.013) that developed new arrhythmia. The two groups showed comparable mid-term survival (P=0.246), but the MACCEs were significantly different (P=0.038).

Conclusions

RACAB may be a valuable alternative for patients requiring single or simple multi-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although the mid-term mortality outcomes are similar, RACAB improves short-term outcomes and mid-term MACCE-free survival compared with MIDCAB.     

Predictors of long‐term outcomes after bypass grafting versus drug‐eluting stent implantation for left main or multivessel coronary artery disease

Background : We assessed predictors of long‐term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus those after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in 3,230 patients with left main or multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and Results : Data were pooled from the BEST, PRECOMBAT, and SYNTAX trials. Age, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were common predictors of all‐cause mortality. Diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction (MI), and SYNTAX score were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality in the PCI group, but not in the CABG group. In the CABG group, age was the only risk factor for MI; left ventricular dysfunction, hypertension, and PAD were risk factors for stroke. On the other hand, in the PCI group, incomplete revascularization and previous MI were risk factors for MI; age and previous stroke for stroke. In addition, chronic kidney disease significantly correlated with a composite outcome of death, MI, or stroke in the CABG group, and incomplete revascularization and previous MI in the PCI group. Conclusions : Simple clinical variables and SYNTAX score differentially predict long‐term outcomes after CABG versus those after PCI with DES for left main or multivessel CAD. Those predictors might help to guide the choice of revascularization strategy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A comparison between coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and drug eluting stent for the treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery disease in elderly patients (aged > or =75 years).

AIMS: In this study, we compared the clinical outcomes of elderly patients with unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) stenosis treated with either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or drug-eluting stent (DES). METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2003 to April 2006, 259 patients with ULMCA stenosis and age > or =75 years underwent coronary revascularization with either CABG or DES. One hundred and sixty-one patients were treated with CABG and 98 with DES. The cumulative unadjusted rates of 2-year mortality were 17% in CABG-treated patients and 18% in those treated with DES (P = 0.71). The adjusted rates of 2-year survival were 85% for CABG-treated patients and 87% for DES-treated patients (P = 0.74). The incidence of 2-year myocardial infarction was 6% in CABG-treated patients and 4% in DES-treated patients (P = 0.11). The incidence of target lesion revascularization (TLR) was 3% in CABG-treated patients and 25% in DES-treated patients (P < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, peripheral vascular disease, left ventricular ejection fraction and acute coronary syndrome were independent predictors of 2-year mortality. CONCLUSION: In this study, we could not demonstrate a difference in mortality between CABG-treated patients and those treated with DES. However, the rate of TLR was higher in the DES group.     

Beating heart surgery and left ventricular dysfunction

We report our experience with systematic coronary revascularization on the beating heart among patients with left ventricular dysfunction as defined by a left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40%. Between September 1996 and April 2000, 500 off-pump (OPCAB) revascularizations were performed (95% of all revascularizations for the same time frame, single surgeon). Among them, 76 patients qualified as left ventricular dysfunction and were compared to a similar cohort of 237 patients operated on with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the same time frame. Age and sex distribution, average preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and incidence of preoperative unstable angina were the same for both groups. On average, 3.04 +/- 0.89 and 2.97 +/- 0.69 grafts/patient were made in the OPCAB and CPB groups respectively (p = NS). Complete revascularization was achieved in 95% of the OPCAB group. Incidence of preoperative intra-aortic balloon assistance were higher in OPCAB (22% versus 9%, p = 0.005) whereas postoperative need for new intra-aortic balloon assistance was higher in CPB (8% versus 0%, p = 0.02). Incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction was comparable in both groups (6.5% versus 5.5%). Maximal creatinine phosphate of myocardial origin were lower in OPCAB group (beating heart: 32 +/- 52%, cardiopulmonary bypass: 45 +/- 51%, p = 0.055). Operative mortality was lower in OPCAB group although it did not reach statistical significance (beating heart: 2.6% versus cardiopulmonary bypass: 4.6%, p = 0.3). Complete coronary revascularization on the beating heart can be achieved in patients with left ventricular dysfunction with excellent outcome and low operative mortality.     

实时三维超声心动图评价冠状动脉旁路移植术前后左心室功能

目的应用实时三维超声心动图定量评价冠状动脉旁路移植术前后左心室功能。方法选择行冠状动脉旁路移植术的冠心痛患者28例(冠心病组)和同期住院的其他疾病患者18例(对照组),应用实时三维超声心动图对2组左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、LVEF、左心室最大射血速率(LVPER)、左心室最大充盈速率(LVPFR)等参数进行比较。结果与对照组比较,冠心病组患者术前LVESV、LVEDV明显升高,LVEF、LVPER、LVPFR明显降低;与术前比较,冠心病组患者术后LVESV、LVEDV明显降低,LVEF、LVPER、LVPFR明显升高(P0.05)。结论实时三维超声心动图能较准确测量左心室容积、LVEF,并评价冠状动脉旁路移植术前后左心室功能。     

体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术在低射血分数患者中的应用

目的 对97例射血分数（EF）＜0.30的冠心病患者的体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）进行总结分析.方法 选择97例EF＜0.30的高危患者,全部采用体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,其中男性55例,女性42例.术前测定射血分数0.18～0.29（0.240±0.031）.合并心肌梗死史42例,不稳定型心绞痛49例,支架置入治疗史16例.NYHA心功能Ⅱ级39例、Ⅲ级35例、Ⅳ级23例.冠脉造影提示双支病变21例、多支病变65例、左主干病变11例,合并轻、中度二尖瓣反流43例,合并室壁瘤13例,左室血栓2例.超声心动图检查提示左心室舒张末期内径53～76 （61.3±4.2）mm.结果 97例患者均完成手术,平均远端吻合口（3.7±1.1）个,使用主动脉内球囊反搏37例,均在手术中安放.住院死亡2例.1例脑梗塞导致左侧肢体偏瘫,未愈出院,1例肺梗塞,保守治疗好转.随访2～21个月.出院后死亡3例,3例有心功能不全表现,需要长期强心利尿药物治疗.其余患者心功能良好,未再次接受心导管术.结论 低射血分数患者实施体外循环辅助心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植手术有良好的可行性和近期效果,能有效降低手术与麻醉风险.     

旁路移植术和介入治疗无保护左主干病变的疗效分析

目的:分析无保护左主干病变(ULMCA)经外科旁路移植术(CABG)和冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析ULMCA196例,其中PCI95例,CABG105例,比较2组围术期并发症,左心室大小和心功能,主要心血管事件(MACE)。结果:围术期死亡:PCI组4例,占4.4%,CABG组8例,占7.6%;主动脉球囊反搏使用:PCI组12例(13.2%),CABG组23例(22.0%);MACE:PCI组15例(16.5%),CABG组22例(21.0%),P<0.05;平均随访(13±5)个月,PCI组死亡3例,免于MACE77.6%,MACE19例(22.4%),CABG组死亡3例,免于MACE87.6%,MACE12例(12.4%),射血分数改变PCI组1.2%±0.7%,CABG组2.3%±1.1%,P<0.05;左心室舒张末期直径大小变化PCI组(3.5±0.2)mm,CABG组(4.6±0.7)mm,P<0.03,纽约心功能分级PCI组(2.5±0.6)级,CABG组(1.5±0.3)级,P<0.02。结论:PCI和CABG术对ULMCA治疗都有较好的近、远期结果,但围术期PCI疗效优于CABG,对左主干累及分叉病变,CABG则优于PCI。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术和药物支架植入术远期疗效的比较

目的比较冠心病患者非药物治疗手段冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后的桥血管和支架的再通率。方法CABG术后和药物支架植入术后再次出现心绞痛症状的冠心病患者各40例,其年龄、性别、心肌梗死、高血压、高脂血症、心功能不全、脑卒中、药物治疗病史具有可比性。通过冠状动脉造影术比较两组患者的桥血管和药物支架的效率和寿命的远期效果。结果与行CABG患者的桥血管比较,行PCI患者的药物支架远期狭窄或者闭塞率降低34．3％。与行CABG患者的左乳内动脉（LIMA）桥血管比较,行PCI患者的左前降支的药物支架远期狭窄或者闭塞率降低14．8％。与行CABG患者的左回旋支和右冠状动脉静脉桥血管比较,行PCI患者的左回旋支以及右冠状动脉的药物支架远期狭窄或者闭塞率降低49．8％。结论冠状动脉药物支架植入术的远期通畅率较CABG明显增高,冠状动脉药物支架植入术的药物支架的效率和寿命要优于CABG的桥血管。     

Utility of positron emission tomography in predicting improved left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary artery bypass grafting among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

The objective of this study was to determine whether preoperative estimates of regional myocardial uptake of (18)-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) could predict postoperative improvement in ejection fraction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for ischemic cardiomyopathy. 20 consecutive patients [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) /=5% change noted in 7 patients (group 1) and <5% noted in 10 patients (group 2). No preoperative or perioperative clinical variable could predict those with improved ventricular function. The relative amount of FDG uptake in the anterior wall was higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (93 +/- 9 vs. 81 +/- 13%; p < 0.05) and correlated with the change in LVEF post-CABG (r = 0.50; p < 0.05). >88% of FDG uptake in the LAD region had a positive predictive accuracy of 67% and negative predictive accuracy of 88% for improved LVEF postbypass. Late follow-up estimates of LVEF (median of 10 months) showed that early changes in function were sustained. In summary, among patients with severe coronary artery disease and depressed LVEF, ventricular function may improve early postrevascularization. PET estimates of relative FDG uptake in the anterior wall help predict those individuals who are likely to have the greatest increment in LVEF.