胰岛素持续皮下输注对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能影响的研究

2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种以胰岛素抵抗和β细胞功能缺陷为中心发病环节的缓慢进展性疾病，而β细胞功能的逐渐衰竭是T2DM病情进展的原因。持续性高血糖是诱发β细胞功能衰竭加重的主要因素，且可进一步加重胰岛素抵抗。用胰岛素泵给糖尿病患者进行持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSⅡ）可模拟生理性胰岛素分泌，迅速使血糖得到良好控制。本文采用胰岛素泵对初诊的63例T2DM患者进行CSⅡ治疗，探讨短期CSⅡ强化治疗对胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的影响。     

皮下持续输注胰岛素不会增加体重

为检测皮下持续输注胰岛素对1型糖尿病患儿的长期后果，南加州医科大学StevenM．Willi及其同事前瞻性地分析了51名患儿(平均l0．7岁)皮下持续输注胰岛素治疗前后共12个月的体重、身高、体重指数(BMI)、胰岛素剂量、HbA1c和血糖水平。     

持续皮下胰岛素输注控制糖尿病高血糖的临床观察

持续皮下胰岛素输注 (ＣＳＩＩ ,胰岛素泵治疗 )能够模拟正常胰腺胰岛素分泌模式 ,临床应用安全可靠 ,使用方便 ,而且控制血糖达标的速度更快 ,且低血糖发生机会少 ,血糖控制良好后稳定性佳。本组资料对ＣＳＩＩ治疗与每日多次皮下胰岛素注射(常规治疗 )控制糖尿病患者高血糖的疗效进行比较。对象与方法1.对象 :2 0 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月在瑞金医院住院的糖尿病患者 40例 ,年龄 12～ 75岁 ,病程半月～ 2 0余年 ,男性 18例 ,女性 2 2例。所有患者空腹血糖均 >10ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,餐后 2小时血糖均 >14ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ。其中 1型糖尿病 12例 ,原…     

短期持续皮下胰岛素输注对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛功能、胰岛素抵抗和血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及其机制

目的 探讨短期持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)对新诊断2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者β细胞功能、胰岛素抵抗(IR)和血管内皮细胞损伤的作用及机制.方法 对10例新诊断T2DM患者进行2周CSII.CSII前后,依次进行静脉糖耐量试验(IVGTT)和高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹试验.用血清可溶性E选择素(sE-selectin)评价血管内皮细胞损伤.用血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和可溶性CD_(14)(sCD_(14))评价机体的炎症状态.结果 (1)与治疗前比较,CSII后IVGTT各时点血糖值、血糖曲线下面积、糖化血红蛋白、胆固醇和LDL-C水平下降(P<0.05或<0.01).(2)与治疗前比较,CSII后IVGTT各时点(空腹胰岛素除外)胰岛素增加、胰岛素曲线下面积增大、急性胰岛素分泌增加(P<0.05或<0.01).(3)与治疗前比较,CSII后葡萄糖输注率[由(3.46±1.66)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)升高到(7.14±2.37)mg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1)]和稳态模型评估的基础胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)升高,HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)下降(P<0.05或0.01).(4)与治疗前比较,CSII后患者血清sE-selectin、sCD_(14)和hsCRP下降(除hsCRP外,P<0.01).结论 短期胰岛素强化治疗有利于恢复新诊断T2DM患者胰岛功能、减轻IR、修复血管内皮细胞损伤和改善糖、脂代谢,其机制可能与机体炎症状态的减轻有关.     

探讨持续皮下输注门冬胰岛素治疗妊娠糖尿病的疗效

目的 探讨对妊娠糖尿病患者予以持续皮下输注门冬胰岛素治疗的效果.方法 选择2018年6月—2019年6月72例妊娠糖尿病患者参与研究,根据入院时间分组,各36例.参照组使用生物合成胰岛素注射治疗,研究组使用持续皮下输注门冬胰岛素治疗.检验空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、并发症发生率等.结果 治疗前研究中空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖...     

胰岛素aspart用于1型糖尿病病人持续皮下胰岛素输注治疗的有效性和安全性以及泵适用性

持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)治疗是模拟非糖尿病病人的生理性胰岛素分泌模式，对糖尿病病人施行胰岛素治疗的一种方法。常规人胰岛素(包括缓冲和非缓冲剂型)常用于CSII治疗。常规人胰岛素的餐前大剂量最好应在餐前30min给予，这样胰岛素作用高峰就和餐后血糖变化相一致。从常规人胰岛素的吸收动力学特点考虑，如果餐前大剂量胰岛素与进餐过于接近，就会引起餐后高血糖，随后出现高胰岛素血症，增加低血糖的危险性。     

门诊短期持续皮下胰岛素注射强化治疗2型糖尿病的临床研究

目的比较门诊短期持续皮下胰岛素注射(CSII)治疗及门诊多次皮下注射胰岛素(MDI)治疗T2DM的疗效。方法收集门诊CSII(A组)、住院CSII(B组)及门诊MDI(C组)患者,比较血糖控制情况、达标时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生率、治疗费用。结果 A组与B组比较,血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量、低血糖发生率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗费用A组小于B组(P<0.01);A组与C组比较,血糖控制情况、达标时间、低血糖发生率等差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论门诊胰岛素泵短期强化治疗能平稳有效控制血糖,且费用较低,降糖效果优于门诊MDI。     

2型糖尿病患者预混胰岛素类似物治疗与持续胰岛素输注治疗剂量的相关性研究

分析经短期持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)强化治疗后换为预混胰岛素类似物治疗的2型糖尿病患者,发现CSII治疗末日胰岛素使用量小于45 U/d宜选择每日2次预混胰岛素类似物治疗,大于45 U/d 宜选择每日3次预混胰岛素类似物治疗.其治疗剂量可根据以下方程:每日2次预混胰岛素类似物治疗剂量=13.093+0.395×CSII治疗总量,每日3次预混胰岛素类似物治疗剂量=23.114+0.405×CSII治疗总量.     

持续性皮下胰岛素输注对初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞第一时相功能的影响

目的 探讨持续性皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)对初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞第一时相功能的影响.方法 将42例初诊2型糖尿病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用CSII,对照组仅皮下胰岛素注射,两组治疗前及治疗后2周采用IVGTT试验胰岛素曲线下面积进行疗效评估.结果 治疗组2周后,对照组及治疗组与治疗前对比IVGTT试验胰岛素曲线下面积均显著升高,治疗组比较对照组IVGTT试验胰岛素曲线下面积升高更明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 持续性皮下胰岛素输注能快速有效地提高初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞第一时相胰岛素分泌功能.     

短期持续皮下胰岛素输注对初诊2型糖尿病患者β细胞功能的影响

目的观察短期持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)对伴明显高血糖的初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制及胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法对322例初诊的T2DM患者进行为期3w的CSII治疗。采用自身前后对照,对患者进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)。CSII治疗前后比较血糖(BG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素(INS)、C-肽(C-P)等指标。停止治疗后的3、8、16、24w分别进行相关指标检测。结果302例患者在应用CSII治疗前平均FPG(15.32±2.31)mmol/L,PPG(22.19±3.42)mmol/L,HbA1c(14.98±2.47)%。CSII治疗3w后,FPG、PPG和HbA1c分别下降至(5.53±1.29)mmol/L、(7.17±1.24)mmol/L(P<0.001)和(10.85±1.35)%(P<0.05)。在CSII治疗停止后3、8、16和24w,FPG、PPG和HbA1c均显著下降(P<0.001,P<0.05)。结论在FPG较高的初诊T2DM患者中,3w的CSII治疗具有快速控制血糖,明显改善胰岛β-细胞功能的作用。     

短期胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者的随访研究

目的 观察短期应用胰岛素泵治疗初诊2型糖尿病的中远期疗效及不良反应.方法 观察、随访、回顾性分析256例初诊2型糖尿病患者经胰岛素泵(CSII)强化治疗2周后控制血糖情况、不服用药物血糖达标(空腹血糖:3.9～7.0 mmol/L,餐后2h血糖:3.9～10.0 mmol/L)持续时间(缓解期)等.结果 CSII治疗3 d血糖达标率46.7%,7 d达标率78.4%,2周达标率92.2%;拆除胰岛素泵缓解期超过3个月的患者共192例(75%),超过6个月166例(64.8%),超过12个月137例(53.5%),超过24个月79例(30.9%),超过36个月26例(10.2%),无1例超过48个月.缓解期少于3个月的患者,其停用胰岛素时的剂量明显高于缓解期超过3个月的患者(P＜0.01),停用胰岛素时的剂量与缓解期的长度呈负相关(r=-0.63,P＜0.01).结论 CSII可迅速有效使初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖达标,消除高血糖的毒性作用,使受糖毒性损伤的残存胰岛β细胞功能得到一定程度恢复,可延缓胰岛β细胞功能的衰退.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌和敏感性的影响

目的 探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌功能的影响.方法 选取2006年6月至2007年2月在本院就诊的新诊断2型糖尿病患者10例进行为期2周的胰岛素泵强化治疗,在治疗前和停泵24 h后分别进行两次静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)和高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹试验.结果 (1)在治疗前所有糖尿病患者均缺乏急性胰岛素分泌(AIR),经2周强化治疗使血糖正常后,所有患者AIR均有了不同程度地恢复[(7.63±4.73 vs 0.83±1.96)mU/L,P＜0.01)].AIR恢复较好的患者略为年轻和肥胖.(2)糖耐量正常志愿者平均葡萄糖输注率(GIR)为(8.26±2.48)mg·kg-1·min-1,而初发2型糖尿病患者在胰岛素泵强化治疗前GIR为(2.30±0.81)mg·kg-1·min-1(与正常者比,P＜0.01),胰岛素泵强化治疗后GIR升高到(5.33±1.43)mg·kg-1·min-1(P＜0.01).GIR升高显著的患者腰围和体重指数低、治疗前的平均血糖高.结论 短期胰岛素泵强化治疗使血糖"正常化",同时可改善胰岛细胞功能,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

Altered recognition of hypoglycaemic symptoms in type I diabetes during intensified control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

The effect of intensified metabolic control obtained with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on the frequency and symptoms of hypoglycaemia was studied in type I diabetic patients. The reproducibility of the questionnaire used to evaluate the hypoglycaemic symptoms was verified in a control group receiving unchanged conventional insulin therapy for 2 months. Metabolic control was significantly improved during CSII (HbA1c 6.8 +/- 0.4% versus 8.7 +/- 0.7%, normal range up to 5.4%) in all patients while no change was seen in the control group. The results of frequent self glucose monitoring showed that the incidence of low glucose levels (below 3.5 mmol/l) increased about threefold in the CSII group. Awareness of hypoglycaemia was clearly changed during CSII with less pronounced adrenergic symptoms while no alterations were found in the group with unchanged metabolic control. These results emphasize the importance of regular self glucose monitoring during CSII and of informing the patients that their hypoglycaemic symptoms may change during intensified control.     

住院2型糖尿病患者胰岛素泵的合理应用

目的 探讨短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对2型糖尿病住院患者的应用方法,分析影响疗效及胰岛素用量的相关因素.方法 对1 276例2型糖尿病患者行胰岛素泵强化治疗,观察总体胰岛素泵应用情况,在初诊、老年伴肥胖或感染等特殊情况下胰岛素泵应用上的差别.结果 胰岛素强化治疗后总体血糖在(5.7±2.6)d达标,达标时单位胰岛素用量为(0.69±0.31)U·kg-1·d-1;初诊组达标较快,达标后胰岛素减量更早,幅度更大,达到临床缓解的比例更高;老年组夜间基础率较低,且夜间低血糖发生的风险较大;伴肥胖组餐前胰岛素用量较大,但低血糖风险较低;伴感染组胰岛素用量较大,主要是基础率明显增加;血糖达标天数和胰岛素用量主要与感染、基础血糖及肥胖显著相关.结论 对不同人群的连续皮下胰岛素输注应用方法存在着差别,患者的感染、基础血糖和肥胖指标有助于确定初始胰岛素用量.     

初诊2型糖尿病短期胰岛素强化治疗后胰岛β细胞功能的动态变化

目的观察短期持续胰岛素输注（CSII）对初诊断2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响,探讨强化治疗的时间。方法对32名FPG≥11mmol/L的初诊断T2DM患者行CSII14d。治疗前、治疗第4天和第15天分别进行OGTT（OGTT组）和精氨酸刺激试验（AST组）,比较两组治疗前后血糖（PG）、稳态模型评估法胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）、胰岛素分泌指数等指标的变化。结果治疗后两组PG、HOMA-IR降低,HOMA-β增加,14d较3d各指标改善显著;3d后△C30/△G30无升高,△C120/△G120明显升高;14d后两者均升高,差异有统计学意义。治疗3d和14d后精氨酸刺激急性C肽反应无明显变化。结论短期CSII强化治疗FPG明显升高的初诊断T2DM,能显著改善β细胞功能,14d疗效较好。但对非葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌可能无明显影响。     

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in patients with diabetes mellitus

During the last quarter of a century continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with external portable insulin pumps has been increasingly used in selected type 1 diabetic subjects and also in some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The treatment of diabetes mellitus with insulin pumps has become more and more popular and accepted by diabetic patients as well as by medical professionals worldwide. Published trials have shown that, in most patients, mean blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentages are either slightly lower or similar on CSII versus an optimized therapy with multiple daily insulin injections. Hypoglycemic episodes seem to be less frequent and ketoacidoses occur at a comparable rate to that during intensive injection therapy. Moreover, nocturnal glycemic control can be improved with insulin pumps, and automatic basal rate changes help to minimize a prebreakfast blood glucose increase (often called 'the dawn phenomenon'). For many patients, CSII provides greater flexibility in timing of meals with the result of better quality of life and higher treatment satisfaction. However, despite these promising data, and although many patients with diabetes mellitus with well-defined clinical problems are likely to benefit substantially from CSII, either in respect to glycemic control, acute complications or quality of life and treatment satisfaction, we are still far away from reaching'dream diabetes management', the fully automatic closed-loop system. Presently, the most difficult problem concerns not the design of an 'optimal' insulin pump, but rather the development of a system which is able to provide continuous and reliable blood glucose monitoring. Hence, because this problem has not been solved with maximum satisfaction, the development of a feedback-controlled 'artificial pancreas' is one of the main goals in diabetes management in the new millennium.     

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in children

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus usually presents in childhood. Since it i is generally accepted that persisting metabolic derangements contribute to the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, a primary aim of the management of children with diabetes is to achieve near normalization of metabolism. In adults continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has been used to optimize control. Despite a reluctance amongst paediatricians to use CSII in children, several studies with pumps have been performed in adolescents. The results of these studies are contradictory with respect to acceptability and achieved metabolic control. Thus, some authors report a near normalization of blood glucose concentrations, whereas others only find a temporary improvement. Patient selection seems to account for many of these differences. This suggests that methods ought to be developed to predict success or failure of CSII in a particular adolescent patient. For diabetic toddlers with their age-specific problems CSII may be a therapy of choice. So far, good acceptability and improved metabolic control are reported in this group. More studies are needed to confirm this. It is important that the diabetic clinic as well as the patient is organized to high standard before starting CSII. Home blood glucose measurements, education, and a 24-h telephone service are essential factors for the management of diabetic children, treated conventionally or with CSII.     

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者血浆vaspin水平的影响

目的 观察短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初发2型糖尿病患者血浆内脏脂肪组织来源的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物vaspin水平的影响,探讨其与胰岛素敏感性的关系.方法 30例初发2型糖尿病患者使用胰岛素泵强化治疗2周,治疗前后采用高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹术评价其胰岛素敏感性,用酶免法测定血浆vaspin及相关代谢指标.结果 2型糖尿病组空腹血浆vaspin水平高于正常糖耐量(NGT)组和糖调节受损(IGR)组.2型糖尿病组经胰岛素泵强化治疗后葡萄糖代谢率升高[(5.10±0.51对2.99±0.42)mg·kg-1·min-1,P＜0.05],稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)降低[2.30(1.09～7.20)对4.28(1.70～6.47),P＜0.05],同时血浆vaspin水平也显著降低[(1.19±0.57对1.83±0.55)ng/ml,P＜0.05],且vaspin水平的降低与HOMA-IR的改变呈明显正相关.结论 胰岛素泵强化治疗能有效改善2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素敏感性,降低血浆vaspin水平;且血浆vaspin水平与2型糖尿病患者胰岛索敏感性有关.     

Continuous basal insulin infusion without premeal boluses in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus therapy

Summary Six insulin-dependent diabetic patients, poorly controlled on conventional insulin therapy (CIT), underwent continuous basal insulin infusion (CBII) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) during 2 subsequent periods of 1 month each, employing a Betatron II insulin infusion pump (Lilly, CPI). During CSII, insulin was infused at a continuous basal rate with 3 premeal boluses. During CBII, from 22⁰⁰ to 06⁰⁰ a continuous basal nocturnal insulin infusion rate and from 06⁰⁰ to 22⁰⁰ a diurnal one, which was approximately twice the former, were maintained and total daily calorie intake was subdivided into 6 isoglycidic and isocaloric meals, taken at regular intervals. We obtained better blood glucose control both by CSII and CBII than by CIT, with significant reduction of HbA₁ values. Mean blood glucose levels were lower during CBII than during CSII, while M-index, number of hypo- and hyperglycemic events and insulin requirement were not different. However, daily blood glucose excursions were narrower and percent blood glucose increment after the noon meal was reduced during CBII. CBII insulin profile was characterized by a plateau trend with lower levels at meals in comparison with CSII. Our data show that the subdivision of daily calorie intake into 6 isocaloric and isoglycidic meals allows to achieve good metabolic control by continuous basal insulin infusion without need for premeal boluses and could be especially useful in brittle diabetic patients, whose brittle condition may be caused by erratic absorption of subcutaneous boluses of insulin.