软肝方合麝黄膏敷脐及腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗顽固性肝硬化腹水的临床研究

目的：观察软肝方合麝黄膏敷脐及腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗顽固性肝硬化腹水的临床疗效。方法：120例顽固性肝硬化腹水住院患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各60例。对照组患者在西药常规治疗的基础上加用腹水超滤浓缩回输,频率为两周1次,疗程为1个月;治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上加用麝黄膏外敷脐部,1贴/次,1次/d,疗程为1个月,同时加服软肝中药颗粒,1包/次,2次/d,疗程为3个月。观察患者腹水消退、肝功能、凝血功能、血浆内毒素、NO（一氧化氮）和ET（内皮素）的变化。结果：治疗组患者腹水消退在治疗3个月和6个月的总有效率分别为70%、73.3%,明显优于对照组的20%和15%（P〈0.01）;两组患者治疗后1、3、6个月ALT（丙氨酸转氨酶）、TB il（总胆红素）均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0.01）,治疗组在治疗后3个月、6个月时ALT、TB il下降更显著,与对照组同期比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;在PT（凝血酶原时间）的改善上,两组在治疗后3个月、6个月时均较治疗前显著下降,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）,但两组之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。两组在治疗后1个月均可明显降低血浆内毒素和NO、ET含量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;在治疗后3个月、6个月时对照组又恢复至治疗前水平;而治疗组患者血浆内毒素、NO、ET含量较治疗前明显下降,与治疗前和对照组同期比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：软肝方配合麝黄膏敷脐及腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水能有效地消退腹水,减轻内毒素血症和血管活性物质的产生,防止腹水的短期复发。     

特利加压素联合腹水浓缩回输术治疗肝硬化并发顽固性腹水患者临床研究

目的 探讨应用特利加压素联合腹水浓缩回输术治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者的临床效果。方法 2017年5月～2019年10月解放军联勤保障部队第901医院感染病科诊治的肝硬化并发顽固性腹水患者54例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组(n=27)和对照组(n=27)。对照组患者接受腹水浓缩回输术治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合应用特利加压素治疗1周,观察两组肝肾功能、体质量、腹围、腹水和尿量的变化。结果 在观察结束时,观察组和对照组腹围分别为(86.3±4.3)cm和(89.8±6.4)cm(P＜0.05),腹水深度分别为(31.5±8.4)mm和(53.3±9.4)mm(P＜0.05),血清胆红素水分别为(60.8±9.8)μmol/L和(71.5±8.7)μmol/L(P＜0.05),白蛋白水平分别为(33.3±3.0)g/L和(30.0±3.1)g/L(P＜0.05),尿素氮分别为(6.8±1.8)μmol/L和(9.8±2.8)μmol/L(P＜0.05),血清肌酐分别为(104.5±14.4)μmol/L和(133.8±15.3)μmol/L(P＜0.05),24 h尿量分别为(1088.3±285.9)mL和(1385.9±337.9)mL(P＜0.05),差异显著;观察组和对照组住院日分别为(28.8±3.7)d和(38.5±8.3)d(P＜0.05);腹水浓缩分别进行了(4.3±1.4)次和(10.7±3.2)次(P＜0.05),差异显著。结论 应用特利加压素联合腹水浓缩回输术治疗肝硬化并发顽固性腹水患者能减少腹水量、改善肝肾功能、缩短住院日,值得进一步验证。     

术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者肝移植效果的影响

目的 评价术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流对拟行肝移植的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者肝移植效果的影响.方法 将2003年2月-2005年12月在我院行肝移植术的肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者随机分为对照组(单纯药物治疗)和实验组(术前加穿刺置管腹水引流),分析治疗效果,并对肝移植疗效(包括随访)进行比较.结果 实验组穿刺置管腹水引流操作中无并发症发生,治疗后症状缓解率明显高于对照组,体重降低,尿量增加,尿蛋白降低,移植后半年血肌酐明显低于治疗前.对照组治疗后较治疗前MELD评分分值显著性升高.结论 术前穿刺置管持续腹水引流技术安全稳定,相比单纯药物治疗,综合治疗能够提高肝硬化伴顽固性腹水患者的术前状况.     

血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、中性粒细胞比值联合检测在肝硬化腹水并自发性细菌性腹膜炎诊治中的意义

目的:探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、中性粒细胞比值(NEUT)联合检测在肝硬化腹水并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)诊治中的应用价值。方法:选择2014年2月至2018年7月就诊的50例肝硬化腹水并发SBP患者作为实验组,同期选取肝硬化腹水无SBP患者42例作为对照组。使用AFIAS-50干式荧光免疫分析仪,SMART 300全自动化学发光测定仪,BC-5600全自动血液细胞分析仪检测患者血清PCT、CRP和NEUT,并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析其诊治价值。结果 :与对照组患者相比,实验组患者的PCT、CRP、NEUT值均显著增高(P<0.01),PCT的曲线下面积为0.95,95%CI为0.923~0.977,最佳截断值为0.54,灵敏度为92.00%,特异度为90.48%;NEUT的曲线下面积为0.91,95%CI为0.864~0.956,最佳截断值为71.02%,灵敏度为88.00%,特异度为85.71%;CRP的曲线下面积为0.88,95%CI为0.808~0.952,最佳截断值为9.65,灵敏度为84.00%,特异度为76.57%,相对PCT和NEUT而言较低。三者联合检测的灵敏度为93.00%,特异度为86.13%,约登指数为0.7913。结论:PCT在肝硬化腹水并发SBP的诊治中,筛查效果最好,PCT联合CRP、NEUT检测可弥补CRP诊断肝硬化腹水并发SBP患者的不足。     

特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者疗效分析*

目的 探讨应用特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者的临床效果。方法 2017年3月～2018年6月我院感染病科住院治疗的104例肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者被随机分为腹水回输治疗组52例和综合治疗组52例,分别给予腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗,综合治疗组则在此基础上加用前列地尔和特利加压素治疗。观察6个月。结果 治疗后一周,综合治疗组门静脉血流速度(Vpv)和脾静脉血流速度(Vsv)分别为(25.6±1.5)cm/s和(27.3±2.7)cm/s,显著快于腹水回输组【分别为(21.4±1.3)cm/s和(25.4±2.1)cm/s, P<0.05】;治疗后,综合治疗组血清一氧化氮、内皮素-1和内毒素水平分别为(13.4±2.1)μmol/L、(53.2±10.3)pg/mL和(31.4±13.2)pg/mL,与腹水回输组【分别为(16.2±2.3)μmol/L、(68.3±12.6)pg/mL和(49.5±14.1)pg/mL,P<0.05】比,差异显著;治疗后,综合治疗组腹围、腹水量和24 h尿量分别为(98.6±7.2)cm、(35.2±9.3)mm和(1531.4±234.2)mL,与腹水回输组【分别为(102.7±6.4)cm、(48.3±11.5)mm和(1249.5±215.1)mL, P<0.05】比,差异显著;治疗后6个月,综合治疗组腹水消退35例(67.3%),显著高于腹水浓缩回输组的14例(26.9%,P<0.05)。结论 应用特利加压素联合前列地尔辅助腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗肝硬化并发难治性腹水患者具有较好的临床治疗效果,可显著改善患者血液微循环和肝肾功能,有助于促进腹水消退,维持疗效。     

五皮饮加味联合腹水回输治疗肝硬化难治性腹水的临床观察

[目的]探讨五皮饮加味联合腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化难治性腹水的疗效及安全性.[方法]选择肝硬化难治性腹水住院患者86例,随机分成2组,各43例,治疗组采用五皮饮加味联合腹水回输疗法,对照组采用单纯腹水回输疗法,腹水回输每2周1次,每次3 000～5 000 ml,疗程均为2个月,治疗后观察患者体重、腹围、尿量、血浆白蛋白、肝功能、腹水等变化.[结果]2组患者症状均明显好转,其中治疗组总有效率达81.39％,对照组为48.84％,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗组患者肝功能、白蛋白、腹围、体重均明显改善,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).[结论]五皮饮加味联合腹水回输治疗肝硬化难治性腹水是安全、有效的方法,具有较好的疗效.     

干细胞移植治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的疗效观察

目的观察干细胞移植治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的疗效。方法 39例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者分为对照组16例,行常规治疗;治疗组23例,在常规治疗基础上行干细胞移植。比较两组患者移植前与移植后临床症状、腹水持续正常时间、肝肾功能及健康状况量化评分变化。结果两组在治疗后3个月腹水均有一定程度缓解,治疗组干细胞移植患者腹水增长速度放缓;治疗组白蛋白合成及肾功能的好转均优于对照组（P〈0.05）,胆碱酯酶和凝血酶原活动度变化不明显（P〉0.05）;根据KPS评分,两组健康状况均较治疗前好转（P〈0.05）,治疗组健康状况好转优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论干细胞移植治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水有较好近期疗效,其价格低廉、技术风险小,可进一步推广使用。     

Impact of cardiac function,refractory ascites and beta blockers on the outcome of patients with cirrhosis listed for liver transplantation

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腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水疗效评价

目的 评估腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效。方法75例肝硬化顽固性腹水患者分为治疗组（50例）和对照组（25例）,两组患者均采用保肝、利尿、对症、支持等常规治疗,疗程4周。对照组在常规治疗基础上,采用多次治疗性腹穿放液治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上,采用腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔治疗,观察并比较两组治疗后体重、腹围、24h尿量和尿钠排出量、肝功能、肾功能、血电解质及不良反应。结果治疗4周后治疗组腹围、体重、24h尿量优于对照组（P〈0．01）;血清白蛋白、肾小球滤过率及24h尿钠量高于对照组（P〈0．01）,肌酐、胱抑素c水平低于对照组（P〈0．05。P〈0．01）;治疗组显效率（48．0％）和总有效率（80．0％）明显好于对照组（24．0％和52．0％）（P〈0．05）：两组均未出现严重不良反应。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输腹腔术治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水患者临床疗效优于多次治疗性腹穿放液。     

The use of terlipressin in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites and normal renal function: a multicentric study

Ascites is a common complication of liver cirrhosis, occurring in more than 50-60% of the patients within 10 years of the diagnosis. In 5-10% of patients, ascites cannot be mobilized, or its early recurrence cannot be prevented by medical treatment. This condition is known as “refractory ascites”. The use of terlipressin in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites and normal renal function has not been evaluated. This prospective study was aimed at evaluating whether terlipressin in addition to standard therapy (diuretics plus albumin) might improve the outcome of refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients without HRS.

Patients

26 cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites were prospectively enrolled in this study. All the patients had tense (grade 3) ascites, and 10/26 showed also massive peripheral edema. Patients received maximum diuretic treatment plus albumin and terlipressin.

Results

Complete response was seen in 16/26 patients. The higher response to therapy was seen during the 2nd week of treatment. 6 patients showed a decrease of at least two points in the ascites score. No differences in clinical response to treatment were seen according to the etiology of the disease.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our study shows a synergistic effect of terlipressin vs treatment with albumin plus diuretics in patients with refractory ascites. One could speculate that albumin might enhance the vasoconstrictive response to terlipressin, thus contributing to counterbalance the negative effects of systemic vasodilation, which characterizes the hyperdynamic circulation of cirrhotic patients.     

Clinical efficacy of tolvaptan for treatment of refractory ascites in liver cirrhosis patients

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan to treat refractory ascites in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients with or without further complications, such as hepatorenal syndrome and/or hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS: Thirty-nine patients (mean age 55 years, males: 32) with decompensated liver cirrhosis and refractory ascites were enrolled. All patients received a combination of tolvaptan (15 mg/d for 5-14 d) and diuretics (40-80 mg/d of furosemide and 80-160 mg/d of spironolactone). The etiology of cirrhosis included hepatitis B (69.2%), hepatitis C (7.7%) and alcohol-induced (23.1%). Changes in the urine excretion volume, abdominal circumference and edema were assessed. The serum sodium levels were also measured, and adverse events were recorded. A follow-up assessment was conducted 1 mo after treatment with tolvaptan.RESULTS: Tolvaptan increased the mean urine excretion volume (1969.2 ± 355.55 mL vs 3410.3 ± 974.1 mL, P < 0.001), and 89.7% of patients showed improvements in their ascites, 46.2% of whom showed significant improvements. The overall efficacy of tolvaptan in all patients was 89.7%; the efficacies in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatorenal syndrome were 84.2% and 77.8%, respectively. The incidence of hyponatremia was 53.8%. In patients with hyponatremia, the serum sodium levels increased after tolvaptan treatment (from 128.1 ± 4.22 mEq/L vs 133.1 ± 3.8 mEq/L, P < 0.001). Only mild drug-related adverse events, including thirst and dry mouth, were observed.CONCLUSION: Tolvaptan is a promising aquaretic for the treatment of refractory ascites in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.     

Rifaximin improves survival in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites: A real-world study

BACKGROUND Rifaximin has been shown to reduce the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy and other complications in patients with cirrhosis.However,few studies have investigated the effect of rifaximin in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.AIM To evaluate the effects of rifaximin in the treatment of refractory ascites and to preliminarily explore its possible mechanism.METHODS A total of 75 cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites were enrolled in the study(50 in a rifaximin and 25 in a control group).Patients in the rifaximin group were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and treatment with or without other antibiotics(19 patients treated with rifaximin and 31 patients treated with rifaximin plus intravenous antibiotics).All patients received conventional treatment for refractory ascites,while patients in the rifaximin group received oral rifaximin-α200 mg four times daily for at least 2 wk.The ascites grade,fasting weight,liver and kidney function,and inflammatory factors in the plasma were evaluated before and after treatment.In addition,the gut microbiota was determined by metagenomics sequencing to analyse the changes in the characteristics of the gut microbiota before and after rifaximin treatment.The patients were followed for 6 mo.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the fasting weight of patients significantly decreased and the ascites significantly subsided after treatment with rifaximin(P=0.011 and 0.009,respectively).The 6-mo survival rate of patients in the rifaximin group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P=0.048).The concentration of interferon-inducible protein 10 decreased significantly in the rifaximin group compared with that in the control group(P=0.024).The abundance of Roseburia,Haemophilus,and Prevotella was significantly reduced after rifaximin treatment,while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_noname,Subdoligranulum,and Dorea decreased and the abundance of Coprobacillus increased after treatment with rifaximin plus intravenous antibiotics.The gene expression of virulence factors was significantly reduced after treatment in both subgroups treated with rifaximin or rifaximin plus intravenous antibiotics.CONCLUSION Rifaximin mitigates ascites and improves survival of cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.A possible mechanism is that rifaximin regulates the structure and function of intestinal bacteria,thus improving the systemic inflammatory state.     

不同腹水超滤量对71例难治性肝硬化腹水患者的影响

目的研究不同腹水超滤量对难治性腹水临床疗效及安全性的影响。方法将符合诊断标准的71例肝硬化难治性腹水病例随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组单次超滤量3 000~8 000 ml,3~7 d后再次或多次行腹水超滤治疗,治疗组单次超滤量8000~16 000 ml,抽尽腹水,若抽取废液量为3 000~8 000 ml,则纳入对照组。观察治疗前后临床症状、腹围、尿量、体质量、并发症、平均住院日、住院费用;治疗前、后3 d、随访3个月末检测肝肾功能、电解质等,计算Child pugh积分、Meld积分。结果 (1)治疗组、对照组腹水超滤次数分别为(2.14±1.07)次、(3.57±1.42)次,废液总量分别为(26 347.22±13 477.40)ml、(21 180.00±9 137.73)ml,平均住院日分别为(21.37±3.40)d、(26.46±2.78)d,平均住院费用分别为(15 356.12±3 526.15)元、(18 737.35±4 671.23)元,两组腹水超滤次数、平均住院日、平均住院费用相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),废液总量相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)两组总有效率分别为91.67%、65.71%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);(3)两组发生肝性脑病、上消化道出血、肝肾综合征、原发性肝癌、死亡以及其他(局部渗血)情况相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输术治疗单次超滤量8 000~16 000 ml比3 000~8 000 ml能显著降低腹水超滤次数、缩短住院日、降低住院费用,更有效控制腹水增长,两组治疗安全性均好,但腹水超滤浓缩回输术治疗不能阻止疾病的进展。     

Two cases of tuberculous peritonitis with liver cirrhosis complicated by refractory ascites

We present two cases of tuberculous peritonitis with liver cirrhosis complicated by refractory ascites. Case 1 was a 59-year-old female with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. She was admitted to our hospital because of diarrhea, anorexia and inflammatory reactions on a blood test. She had a high fever of 38°C or more and refractory ascites. Tubercle bacilli infection was suspected based on increased levels of serum CA125 and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ascites. Laparoscopic examination showed white nodules on the peritoneum, and histologic study confirmed tuberculous nodules. The same bacteria were isolated from culture of ascites. Case 2 was a 55-year-old female with hepatitis C virus-infected liver cirrhosis. She was admitted because of high fever and abdominal fullness due to ascites. High levels of serum CA125 and ADA in ascites and ineffectiveness of treatment with antibiotics plus diuretics led us to start anti-tuberculous therapy before definitive diagnosis. Tuberculus bacillus was later isolated from culture of ascites. It is difficult to make early diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites due to a lack of specific symptoms. However, determination of serum CA125 and ADA in ascites and the acid-fast bacterial culture of ascites are useful for early diagnosis.     

托伐普坦治疗顽固性腹水疗效及安全性分析

目的：观察高度选择性血管加压素V2受体拮抗剂托伐普坦治疗顽固性腹水的疗效和安全性。方法在39例终末期肝病（20例肝硬化、19例肝硬化合并肝癌）引起的顽固性腹水患者,常规给予利尿剂（呋塞米80 mg/d;螺内酯160 mg/d）及白蛋白治疗的基础上,给予托伐普坦15 mg/d口服,治疗5～14 d。观察尿量、腹水消退、双下肢水肿改善及血清钠和肝功能变化情况。结果在托伐普坦治疗结束后24 h,患者平均尿量为（3533.3±154.65）ml/d,明显高于治疗前（1851.3±167.12） ml/d（P〈0.01）;82.5%（32/39）患者腹水改善,2例I型肝肾综合征患者对托伐普坦治疗无明显效果;在21例低钠血症患者中,血清钠较治疗前[（128.1±4.25） mmol/L]明显上升[（132.9±4.1） mmol/l,P〈0.01];治疗前后患者MELD评分[（37.5±5.6）对（38.1±5.7）]、血钾水平[（4.1±0.5） mmol/L对（4.2±0.6） mmol/L]无明显变化;该药的不良反应以口干、口渴为主,发生率为15.4%。结论托伐普坦对终末期肝病引起的顽固性腹水患者有一定的利尿作用,可同时纠正低钠血症,短期应用托伐普坦对肝功能无明显影响。     

特利加压素联合腹水浓缩回输术治疗肝硬化并发顽固性腹水患者效果研究*

目的 观察采用腹水浓缩回输术联合特利加压素治疗肝硬化并发顽固性腹水(RA)患者的效果。方法 2016年5月～2021年5月我院诊治的62例肝硬化并发RA患者被随机分为对照组31例和观察组31例,分别给予腹水浓缩回输术或在此治疗的基础上应用特利加压素治疗7 d。使用全自动生化分析仪检测血尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(sCr),使用超声诊断仪测量门静脉内径(DPV)、脾静脉内径(DSV)、门静脉血流速度(VPV)和脾静脉血流速度(VSV],应用WHO生命质量测定简式量表(WHOQOL-BREF)评估生命质量。结果 在治疗7d后,观察组腹围为(85.5±4.5)cm,腹水深度为(35.2±3.4)mm,均显著小于对照组【分别(88.4±4.3)cm和(47.2±5.1)mm,P<0.05】,24 h尿量为(1530.8±30.2)ml,显著多于对照组【(1248.6±28.4)ml,P<0.05】;观察组血清BUN和sCr水平分别为(6.6±1.5)μmol/L和(104.2±8.7)μmol/L,显著低于对照组【分别为(9.8±2.4)μmol/L和(133.5±11.2)μmol/L,P<0.05】,而两组肝功能指标比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);观察组VPV为(25.7±5.4)cm/s,显著高于对照组【(22.5±4.6)cm/s,P<0.05】,而两组DPV、DSV和VSV比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组WHOQOL-BREF评分总分为(65.6±12.3)分,显著高于对照组【(56.1±9.8)分,P<0.05】。结论 采用腹水浓缩回输术联合特利加压素治疗肝硬化并发RA患者近期疗效较好,可显著改善肾功能,促进腹水消退,继而改善生命质量。     

消水方联合托伐普坦治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水临床研究*

目的观察消水方联合托伐普坦治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水患者的临床疗效。方法选择肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水患者40例,按1:1比例随机分为治疗组20例和对照组20例。对照组采用保肝、利尿、人血白蛋白支持等常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上予消水方（黄芪30 g、苍术10 g、白术15 g、猪茯苓各15 g、米仁30 g、仙灵脾15 g、女贞子15 g、枸杞子15 g、石斛15 g、全当归15 g、车前子包30 g、汉防己15 g、大腹皮15 g）1剂/d,口服4周,托伐普坦15 mg/d口服,1周后改为7.5 mg/d,再服2周。使用日本东芝TDA-40型全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,使用意大利百胜MyLAB60彩色多普勒超声仪测量门静脉（PV）和脾静脉（SV）血管内径（D）、最大血流速度（Vp）。根据血管截面积和平均血流速度计算血流量（Q）。结果治疗组总有效率为85%,显著高于对照组（55%, P<0.05）;治疗组治疗后24 h尿量为（2305.5±468.57）ml,较治疗前【（1035.4±225.45）ml,P<0.05】显著增加,腹围为（64.9±11.8）cm,较治疗前【（83.5±13.7）,P<0.05】显著减小;治疗组治疗后血钠和尿钠水平分别为（136.4±6.8）mmol/L和（48.6±6.2）mmol/L,较对照组显著升高【分别为（130.3±6.2）mmol/L和（33.6±5.8）mmol/L,P<0.05）】;治疗组治疗后血清ALB为（35.4±5.3） g/L,较对照组【（30.8±6.5）g/L,P<0.05】显著升高;治疗组治疗后腹水量为（4.53±3.93）cm,较对照组【（6.81±3.73）cm,P<0.05】显著减少;治疗组治疗后门静脉最大血流速度为（14.65±3.78）cm/s,脾静脉最大血流速度为（15.16±3.92）cm/s,较对照组显著增加【分别为（14.42±3.35）cm/s和（14.76±3.62）cm/s,P<0.05】;治疗组治疗后门静脉血流量为（1059.4±489）ml/min,脾静脉血流量为（653±325）ml/min,较对照组显著减少【分别为（1256.8±524）ml/min和（796±308）ml/min,P<0.05】。结论消水方联合托伐普坦治疗肝炎肝硬化顽固性腹水疗效确切。     

肝硬化难治性腹水的诊治与血管收缩药物的应用

<正>腹水是肝硬化最常见的并发症。在诊断为代偿期肝硬化后,约75%患者在10年内出现腹水症状[1]。在因腹水住院的肝硬化患者中,1 a生存率约为85%,5a生存率接近50%。腹水导致肝硬化患者的生存率显著下降,预期寿命明显缩短[2]。难治性腹水在肝硬化腹水患者中的发生率约为5%~10%,倘若进展为难治性腹水则其中位生存期仅6个月左右[3]。难治性腹水作为终末期肝硬化的临床表现,一旦诊断,则应尽可能     

肝硬化腹水及其相关并发症治疗新进展

<正>肝硬化是各种慢性肝病所导致的弥漫性肝纤维化和再生结节形成,在临床上主要表现为肝细胞功能障碍和门脉高压症。代偿期肝硬化可多年无症状,直至腹水、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和肝性脑病等失代偿事件出现。肝硬化患者一旦进入失代偿期,则5 a生存率低于20%[1]。1腹水腹水是肝硬化最常见的并发症。在诊断为代偿期肝硬化后,约50%患者将在10年内出现腹水[2]。在因腹水住院的肝硬化病人中,1 a病死率增至15%,5 a     

中药联合腹水超滤浓缩回输法治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的临床研究

目的：观察中药联合腹水超滤浓缩回输法治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水的疗效。方法：选择肝硬化顽固性腹水住院患者62例，随机分为两组，治疗组32例，采用中药＋腹水超滤浓缩回输＋基础治疗；对照组30-ff0，采用腹水超滤浓缩回输＋基础治疗。疗程均为1个月．腹水超滤浓缩回输的频率为2周1次，1次超滤的腹水为3000ml-8000ml，观察治疗前后患者的体重、腹围、24小时尿量、血浆白蛋白、腹水白蛋白、门脉主干的血流动力学变化及患者血浆和腹水中内毒素水平的变化。结果：两组患者的临床症状均得到较好改善，患者体重及腹围显著下降，24小时尿量增加，血浆及腹水中蛋白量增加，治疗组患者门静脉、脾静脉内径及血流量、血浆中内毒素水平较治疗前显著下降，对照组患者则无明显改善，两组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；治疗组患者腹水Ⅰ级消退者18例，占56．3％，对照组只有4例，占13.3％，两组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论：中药联合腹水超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化顽固性腹水有较好疗效，其作用机制可能与改善患者血浆内毒素水平有关。