室性早搏定位的临床意义(附112例心电图分析)

本文通过室性早搏(简称室早)定位与临床诊断对照来评价其定位的临床意义。根据室早的QRS形态进行定位;V_1呈左束支阻滞型者为右室室早;V_1呈右束支阻滞型者为左室室早;室早电轴右偏大于+100°或呈左后半阻滞者为左室前壁室早;室早电轴左偏大于-30°或呈左前半阻滞者为左室后壁室早。除定位外还对室早的QRS时间与早搏后改变进行观察。结果发现:(1) 无心脏病者右室室早占82.4%。室早的QRS时间≤0.13秒者占76.4%,未见到双室室早。心脏     

慢性心力衰竭伴室性心动过速患者窦性心率震荡现象的临床观察

目的观察窦性心率震荡(HRT)现象在慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)伴室性早搏(简称室早)或室性心动过速(VT)患者中的临床特点。方法 65例心衰患者分为室早伴VT组(n=35),单纯室早组(n=30),并以36例具有室早的健康人为对照组,观察分析震荡初始(TO)和震荡斜率(TS)两指标及依HRT改变程度对其进行分级的临床评估。结果与对照组比较,室早伴VT组和单纯室早组TO明显增大(0.439%、0.022%vs-1.658%,P<0.01),TS明显变小(1.628 ms/RRI、2.465 ms/RRI vs 7.622 ms/RRI,P<0.01);与单纯室早组比较,室早伴VT组的TO增大,而TS明显变小(P<0.05)。HRT 0级集中分布于对照组(86.1%),HRT 1级以单纯室早组居多(60%),HRT 2级则以室早伴VT组多见(68.6%)。结论心衰患者HRT明显减弱或消失,合并VT者其HRT的减弱程度较仅伴室早者更加显著,HRT分级能够较好地反映HRT损伤的不同程度。     

初治肺结核患者门诊发现并发肺部其他感染的临床特点

目的 了解结核专科门诊发现初治肺结核患者并发肺部其他感染现状,探讨肺结核并发肺部其他感染患者的临床特点。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年6月在广州市结核病防治所一分所就诊的、临床资料完整的初治菌阳肺结核患者506例,根据患者就诊时是否并发肺部其他感染,分为肺结核并发肺部其他感染组(简称“并发感染组”;共计200例)及肺结核未并发其他感染组(简称“对照组”;共计306例)。506例患者中有98例为老年患者。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料采用χ ²检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 (1)并发感染组200例,占39.53%;在并发感染组中,老年患者比例(24.50%,49/200)明显高于对照组(16.01%,49/306)(χ ²=6.583,P=0.037),两组比较差异有统计学意义;(2)在并发感染组中,伴有咳嗽或咳痰症状者占83.00%(166/200),与对照组的76.47%(234/306)相似,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ ²=3.510,P=0.319);(3)并发感染组肺部累及病灶>3个肺野者占49.00%(98/200),明显高于对照组的31.70%(97/306),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=6.965,P=0.008);(4)并发感染组患者中,肺结核并发空洞者占42.50%(85/200),明显高于对照组的26.80%(82/306),两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=13.487,P=0.000)。 结论 结核专科门诊发现初治菌阳肺结核并发肺部其他感染患者中,老年患者并发肺部其他感染的比例较高,并发感染组患者肺部病灶累及范围较广泛,常伴有空洞形成。     

腹腔结核并发肠穿孔危险因素分析

目的: 探讨腹腔结核患者并发肠穿孔的危险因素。方法: 回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心收治的腹腔结核并发肠穿孔患者37例(肠穿孔组),采用随机数字表法选取同期腹腔结核未并发肠穿孔患者39例(对照组)。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析腹腔结核患者并发肠穿孔的危险因素。结果: 肠穿孔组有2例患者因感染性休克未接受手术治疗,35例患者接受手术治疗。肠穿孔组8例患者死亡,病亡率为21.6%(8/37)。对照组39例患者经治疗后病情好转出院。肠穿孔组结核病病史≤3个月者占54.1%(20/37),并发艾滋病者占29.7%(11/37),并发贫血者占64.9%(24/37),并发低蛋白血症者占86.5%(32/37),CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数<150个/μl者占51.4%(19/37),并发肠梗阻者占45.9%(17/37),腹部症状为首发症状者占73.0%(27/37);对照组结核病病史≤3个月者占79.5%(31/39),并发艾滋病者占5.1%(2/39),并发贫血者占33.3%(13/39),并发低蛋白血症者占43.6%(17/39),CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数<150个/μl者占7.7%(3/39),并发肠梗阻者占20.5%(8/39),腹部症状为首发症者占46.2%(18/39),两组比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为5.564、8.104、6.541、15.263、17.565、5.564、5.650,P值均<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,腹部症状为首发症状(OR=23.828,95%CI:2.946~192.744)、并发肠梗阻(OR=10.292,95%CI:1.607~65.899)、低蛋白血症(OR=43.455,95%CI:3.697~510.796)和CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数<150个/μl(OR=25.706,95%CI:2.231~296.223)是肠穿孔的独立危险因素,而结核病病史≤3个月(OR=0.026,95%CI:0.003~0.247)为保护因素。结论: 肠梗阻、低蛋白血症、CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数<150个/μl、腹部症状为首发症状是腹腔结核患者并发肠穿孔的危险因素,当腹腔结核患者出现上述危险因素时要警惕发生肠穿孔的可能。     

充血性心衰并室早92例临床分析

充血性心衰(CHF)合并室性早搏是临床上常见的一个棘手问题,目前对CHF并室早处理上尚有争议,现就我院收住的92例CHF并室早合并室性早搏作一分析。 1 资料与方法 本文92例系以CHF并发室早入院或住院过程中发生室性早搏者,其中男性44例,女性48例,所有病例治疗期间均采用心电监护仪观察,且每日一次常规心电图。 原发病情况所有病例均经胸片,心电图,超声心动图等检查证实,其中风湿性心脏病26例,冠心病30例,扩张型心脏病14例,高血压心脏病12例,围产期心脏病8例,肺心病10例,先天性心脏病4例。其中     

应用动态心电图探讨左室假腱索与室性早搏关系及其意义

应用动态心电图对50例诊为左室假腱索的健康人和无左室假腱索的健康人进行连续记录观察.结果表明:左室假腱索者来源于左室的室性早搏(室早)检出率为76.0%,与无左室假腱索者有非常显著性差异;来源右室的室早两组则无显著性差异;左室假腱索者来源于左室的室早夜间明显高于白天,且Lown 1、2级室早占多数(76.3%);室早的发生与假腱索附着的部位则无显著性差异.提示:左室假腱索是健康人引起室早原因之一,可视为功能性室早.     

家族史与外周动脉病

<正>外周动脉病(PAD)为常见慢性病之一,其相关危险因素多,且易并发其他心血管疾病等。既往关于PAD家族史与PAD罹发风险间关系尚不清楚,现就此进行大样本调研分析。受测对象为伴有PAD者2 296例,均龄(69±10)岁,男性占64%,为病例组;另选4 390例素无PAD者,均龄(66±11)岁,男性占62%,为对照组。其病例组中PAD诊断标准为:踝臂血压指数(ABI)≤0.9、伴下肢血管再成形术史、下肢动脉加     

中药“复韵”组方治疗功能性频发室性期前收缩的疗效

目的 观察中药“复韵”组方对功能性频发性室性期前收缩（室性早搏，室早）的有效性和安全性。方法 将住院治疗的频发性室早患者68例，分为复韵组（49例）和普罗帕酮组（19例），复韵组给予中药“复韵”组方治疗，普罗帕酮组给予盐酸普罗帕酮片治疗，记录两组患者治疗前后的24 h动态心电图数据及功能性频发性室早相关症状的变化。结果 复韵组的室早减少率高于普罗帕酮组（59% vs. 32%，P<0.05）；复韵组的症状改善程度优于普罗帕酮组〔(3.3±2.4)分 vs.(8.9±4.5)分，P<0.01〕；复韵组未发现明显的毒副作用。结论 “复韵”组方对功能性频发性室早疗效优于普罗帕酮。     

急性白血病并发出血及其治疗

出血是急性白血病(AL)的常见症状和主要死因之一.在未并发DIC的病例,出血发生率约为67～75%,其中死于出血者占38～44%;在并发DIC的病例,几乎全有出血倾向,其中死于DIC者占20～25％.因此,研究AL的出血原因及防治措施,对提高缓解率及降低死亡率有重要意义. 出血的原因     

Analysis of risk factors of patients with initial treatment of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with cervical lymph node tuberculosis

目的 探讨初治继发性肺结核患者治疗过程中并发颈部淋巴结结核的危险因素。方法 收集2018年12月至2020年7月于西安市胸科医院住院确诊的符合纳入标准的357例初治继发性肺结核,其中57例并发颈部淋巴结结核(简称“并发组”); 300例未并发颈部淋巴结结核(简称“未并发组”)。并发组中,年龄中位数(四分位数)[M(Q₁,Q₃)]为30(26,38)岁,其中14~<44岁年龄组有40例,≥44岁年龄组有17例。未并发组中,年龄M(Q₁,Q₃)为39(32,48)岁,其中14~<44岁年龄组有198例,≥44岁年龄组有102例。对患者年龄、性别、口腔黏膜炎、上呼吸道感染、是否使用免疫抑制剂、肺结核患者病程及痰菌检测情况等7项与颈部淋巴结结核发生情况的相关因素进行分析,分别采用单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 357例初治继发性肺结核患者发生颈部淋巴结结核的单因素分析结果显示,未并发组和并发组在上述各因素中,年龄≥44岁者占比分别为34.0%(102/300)、29.8%(17/57);男性占比分别为45.7%(137/300)、40.4%(23/57);发生口腔黏膜炎者占比分别为11.7%(35/300)、45.6%(26/57);发生上呼吸道感染者占比分别为16.3%(49/300)、36.8%(21/57);使用免疫抑制剂者占比分别为8.0%(24/300)、10.5%(6/57);肺结核患病时间>3个月者占比分别为41.0%(123/300)、38.6%(22/57);痰菌阳性者占比分别为19.3%(58/300)、68.4%(39/57)。两组比较,χ²值分别为0.376、0.547、38.963、12.781、0.397、0.115、58.326,P值分别为0.540、0.459、0.000、0.000、0.529、0.735、0.000。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,发生口腔黏膜炎(Wald χ²=12.279,OR=3.564,95%CI=1.751~7.255,P=0.004)、发生上呼吸道感染(Wald χ²=9.987,OR=3.092,95%CI=1.535~6.227,P=0.002)及痰菌阳性(Wald χ²=26.320,OR=5.880,95%CI=2.989~11.568,P=0.000)是初治继发性肺结核治疗过程中发生颈部淋巴结结核的危险因素。结论 初治继发性肺结核患者在治疗过程中,发生口腔黏膜炎、上呼吸道感染及痰菌阳性的患者易并发颈部淋巴结结核,可作为临床预防的关注因素。     

山东省克山病基本控制后的病情演变

为掌握山东省克山病１９９２年基本控制后的病情演变，选择具代表性的莒县和平邑两县，对近５年克山病发病情况，现存慢型克山病进行了调查，并对３～１４岁易患人群１４８８例进行了全面检查重点调查，同时调查了内外环境硒及生活水平，结果显示近５年来慢型克山病累计发病率０．０２／万，易患人群慢型克山病检出率０．１３％，潜在型１．６８％，现在慢型克山病患病率０．３９％，无急型，亚急型克山病发病，病区居民发硒０．２４     

克山病病人的QRS环畸形及蚀缺与死亡有关因素的研究

对克山病病人的ＱＲＳ畸形及蚀缺与死亡有关因素进行了研究。结果显示：病人的ＱＲＳ环畸形愈严重及蚀缺的深度和范围愈大，病人短年限内死亡率愈高，ＱＲＳ环畸形及蚀缺的死亡病人女性明显高于男性，ＱＲＳ环琦形及蚀缺的病人发病年限愈大，短年限内死亡率愈高，ＱＲＳ环畸形及蚀缺的病人心功能愈差，短年限内死亡率愈大，但也有部分临床治愈、潜克、慢克病人的发病年限短、心功能正常的ＱＲＳ环畸形及蚀缺的病人在短年限内死亡的，     

Ventricular extrasystole. Which should be treated and how?

The decision of whether or not to treat a ventricular extrasystole depends in the first instance on the benign or severe nature of the disorder, and on whether there is subjacent cardiopathy. The results of 24-hour Holter monitoring, exercise tolerance tests and clinical and echographic examinations will define the pathological character of a ventricular extrasystole and will indicate any subjacent cardiopathy. Electrophysiological exploration with programmed stimulation should be reserved for so-called lethal cases of arrhythmia, such as attacks of sustained ventricular tachycardia. Ischemic cardiopathy is by far the most frequent cause of ventricular extrasystoles. The two major risks of sudden death after myocardial infarction are due to left ventricular dysfunction and repetitive and/or complex ventricular extrasystoles, as well as to attacks of ventricular tachycardia. Heart patients presenting these disorders must receive urgent treatment with antiarrhythmics. Isolated, monomorphic ventricular extrasystoles are also treated in heart patients at risk if their frequency is greater than 10 per hour, measured by 24-hour Holter monitoring. In the absence of subjacent cardiopathies, the therapeutic indications are much less well defined. Approximately five per cent of subjects in a normal population present ventricular extrasystoles, the frequency of which, however, rarely exceeds 100 per 24 hours. Repetitive phenomena are only seen in 10 per cent of cases. Attacks of ventricular tachycardia are almost never seen. Ventricular extrasystoles that develop in apparently normal hearts, but which do not fulfill the above criteria, can be considered abnormal. Nevertheless, there is no categorical proof that these ventricular extrasystoles represent any risk, notably of sudden death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者动态心电图特点及预后意义

目的 观察恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者动态心电图（DCG）特点，探讨其预后意义。方法 选择恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病患者88例，进行心电图（ECG）和DCG检查，并长期随访，以观察终点结果死亡或存活分组对比分析。结果 恢复期亚急型克山病患者在ECG90．3％正常情况下，84．9％的DCG出现异常。慢型ECG及DCG异常检出率都很高，分别为94．7％和100．0％。亚急型DCG异常检出率室早最高，为77．4％，其中成对室早51．6％，室速32．3％；房早次之41．9％。慢型DCG异常检出率室早最高，为96．5％，其中频发室早75．4％，成对室早51．6％，室速32．3％；房早次之82．2％。死亡组与存活组对比，死亡组ECG房早、室早、ST-T改变较存活组检出率高（P〈0．05）。死亡组与存活组DCG室早总检出率无差异（P〉0．05），但成对室早和室速检出率较存活组高（P〈0．05）。结论 房性与室性心律失常是恢复期亚急型和慢型克山病的DCG特征，亚急型ECG正常，DCG高异常检出率；慢型ECG及DCG均高异常检出率。成对室早和室速对预后有重要意义。     

Coupled type of parasystole and its diagnosis

Fifty patients with arrhythmia of the extrasystole type were examined by means of functional tests (atropine and physical exertion). Parasystole was revealed in 40 and extrasystole in 10 patients. The diagnosis of arrhythmia was based on determining the relative value of the longest pre-ectopic interval (R--R1, P--P1) and the relative value of the preceding cardiac cycle (R--R, P--P) prior to and after the functional tests. Reduction of the relative value of the longest pre-ectopic interval or increase of this interval by less than 10 per cent in the test was observed in extrasystole, an increase of the relative value of this interval by more than 10 per cent was encountered in parasystole. In cases with bigeminal rhythm, reduction of the absolute value of the longest pre-ectopic interval in the tests was characteristic of extrasystole while its increase was characteristic of parasystole.     

Perioperative myocardial infarct following aortocoronary bypass. Clinical aspects, causes, consequences

Perioperative infarction is a significant factor of morbidity of coronary bypass surgery. The aim of this study was to review peri-operative infarction and its complications over a 10 year period (1974 to 1984) and to determine its consequences on left ventricular function and life expectancy. The material included 514 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery. Perioperative infarction was defined as the association of a postoperative Q wave and increase in creatinine phosphokinase after the 24th postoperative hour: this diagnosis was made in 31 cases (Group A), 6 per cent of the series; 483 patients (Group B) had no signs of infarction. The necrosis involved the revascularised zone in 26 cases and other zones in 5 cases. The acute phase of infarction was associated with major complications in 9 patients of Group A. In 22 patients (70 per cent of cases) the initial evolution was uncomplicated. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with unstable angina between Groups A and B (52 per cent vs 67 per cent), with single vessel disease (25 per cent vs 28 per cent), double vessel disease (45 per cent vs 34 per cent) or with triple vessel disease (30 per cent vs 38 per cent). The average number of bypasses was higher in Group A (2.06 per cent vs 1.4 per cent, p less than 0.05), as was the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (117 min vs 91 min, p less than 0.05) and of aortic clamping (45 min vs 31 min, p. less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

多普勒超声心动图对慢型克山病诊断的综合评价

用Ｍ型２－ＤＥ及多普勒超声对３０例经临床确诊的慢型克山病患者进行综合评价，发现克山病的多普勒超声心动图具有下列特征性改变：１．各房室腔普遍扩大，并以左侧心腔为甚；２．室壁活动多呈弥漫性减弱（占９３％）；３．多瓣膜返流；４．收缩功能的各项参数指标明显降低，而舒张功能的指标在无ＭＲ病例与对照组比较有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），从充盈期血流改变来看提示快速流入血流亦受阻，证明慢型克山病的心脏舒张功能亦异常。表明多普勒超声心动图能准确地反映克山病患者心脏的病理生理及血流动力学改变，为克山病诊断提供可靠依据。     

Haemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with coronary heart disease.

The haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new selective beta-1 adrenoreceptor agonist, have been studied in patients with coronary heart disease. The drug was administered intravenously in a dosage of 0.5 to 2.5 micrograms/kg body weight to 20 patients undergoing coronary angiography and to 10 patients with a recent myocardial infarction, who had clinical evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular performance was enhanced in both groups of patients--left ventricular dP/dt (max) increased by 33 per cent and the systolic time intervals, pre-ejection period, and the ratio of pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection shortened by 28 and 21 per cent, respectively. Cardiac output and stroke volume increased with no change in heart rate nor in left ventricular filling pressure. These results indicate that prenalterol enhances the contractile state of the myocardium without altering heart rate, and suggest that prenalterol could be of value in the management of patients with coronary heart disease, who have impaired left ventricular function.     

Haemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with coronary heart disease

The haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new selective beta-1 adrenoreceptor agonist, have been studied in patients with coronary heart disease. The drug was administered intravenously in a dosage of 0.5 to 2.5 micrograms/kg body weight to 20 patients undergoing coronary angiography and to 10 patients with a recent myocardial infarction, who had clinical evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular performance was enhanced in both groups of patients--left ventricular dP/dt (max) increased by 33 per cent and the systolic time intervals, pre-ejection period, and the ratio of pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection shortened by 28 and 21 per cent, respectively. Cardiac output and stroke volume increased with no change in heart rate nor in left ventricular filling pressure. These results indicate that prenalterol enhances the contractile state of the myocardium without altering heart rate, and suggest that prenalterol could be of value in the management of patients with coronary heart disease, who have impaired left ventricular function.     

免疫应答异常在克山病发病中的作用

本文报道了69例慢型和潜在型克山病患者的免疫应答。结果表明慢型克山病惠者 T细胞亚群,总 T 细胞(T_3)和抑制性 T 细胞(Ts)百分率明显下降,Th/Ts 比值显著升高。慢克患者的血清 IgG、循环免疫复合物(CIC)和心脏反应性抗体(HRA)阳性率比对照组明显上升,血清 C_3水平下降。红细胞免疫粘附功能慢克也明显低下。本文对上述结果的临床意义进行了讨论。