缬沙坦联合大黄治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合大黄治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法:早期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者61例和临床糖尿病肾病67例分别随机分为缬沙坦对照组和缬沙坦联合大黄治疗组,疗程均为6个月。结果:(1)与治疗前比较,治疗组治疗后血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清甘油三酯(TG)明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDC-C)明显上升(P<0.05),对照组上述指标变化不明显(P>0.05)。(2)治疗后治疗组与对照组早期DN患者尿白蛋白(MA)、尿α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)均显著改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),而治疗组较对照组疗效显著(P<0.05)。(3)对临床DN患者的尿蛋白定量、尿α1-MG、尿β2-MG、血白蛋白(ALB)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr),治疗组均改善显著(P<0.05,P<0.01),且优于对照组,而对照组除尿蛋白定量、尿α1-MG、尿β2-MG改善显著(P<0.05)外,其余指标改善均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:缬沙坦联合大黄治疗DN疗效肯定。     

缬沙坦联合百令胶囊治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床观察

目的:观察口服缬沙坦联合百令胶囊对早期糖尿病肾病患者肾功能及尿白蛋白的影响.方法:早期糖尿病肾病患者121例,随机分为对照组、缬沙坦组、百令胶囊组及联合治疗组.联合治疗组应用缬沙坦联合百令胶囊治疗;缬沙坦组应用缬沙坦治疗;百令胶囊组应用百令胶囊治疗;对照组应用川芎嗪注射液治疗.结果:治疗后联合治疗组、缬沙坦组、百令胶囊组尿白蛋白排泄量和血肌酐含量均明显下降,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后缬沙坦组、百令胶囊组、联合治疗组分别与对照组白蛋白排泄量和血肌酐含量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).联合治疗组与缬沙坦组、百令胶囊组作治疗后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后随访3个月,尿白蛋白和血肌酐含量无明显变化.结论:缬沙坦、百令胶囊均能减少早期糖尿病肾病患者尿白蛋白排泄量和血肌酐水平,改善肾功,两药联用疗效优于两药单用.     

益气化瘀法联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果观察

目的探讨益气化瘀法联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法选取2017年10月～2019年12月我院收治的糖尿病肾病患者90例,随机分为对照组和观察组各45例,对照组行缬沙坦治疗,观察组行益气化瘀法联合缬沙坦治疗,对比两组疗效、症状改善效果及肾功能改善效果。结果治疗后,观察组中医症候积分、24h尿白蛋白、血尿素氮明显降低,且显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗有效率95.56%高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病肾病治疗中采用益气化瘀法联合缬沙坦治疗方案可有效改善肾功能,消除症状,稳定病情,体现中西医结合治疗优势,值得推广。     

尿毒清颗粒联合舒血宁注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的探讨尿毒清颗粒联合舒血宁注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法将60例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用尿毒清颗粒联合舒血宁注射液,疗程均为3周。检测尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)等变化情况。结果两组治疗后尿素氮(BUN)均无明显变化(P>0.05),治疗组其余各指标均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),UAER显著改善(P<0.01)。结论尿毒清颗粒联合舒血宁注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效确切。     

葛根素注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效

目的:观察葛根素治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法:将60例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,两组均维持控制饮食、降糖药或胰岛素治疗,治疗组加用葛根素注射液250 mL/d,2次/d,21 d为1疗程,观察血糖及尿UAE结果。结果:治疗组尿UAE明显降低,与对照组比较有统计学意义。结论:葛根素注射液能改善早期糖尿病肾病患者尿微量白蛋白疗效明显,安全性较高。     

羟苯磺酸钙联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病疗效观察

目的 观察羟苯磺酸钙联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效.方法 将早期糖尿病肾病患者64例随机分为羟苯磺酸钙联合缬沙坦组(治疗组)和缬沙坦组(对照组)各32例,比较治疗前后24 h尿白蛋白排泄量、肾功能及血钾的变化.结果 与对照组比较,治疗组能明显降低24 h尿蛋白排泄量,降低血尿素氮及血肌酐水平(P＜0.05).结论 羟苯磺酸钙联合缬沙坦能减少早期糖尿病肾病患者的尿白蛋白,改善肾功能,延缓糖尿病肾病的进展.     

缬沙坦联合黄芪注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的:探讨缬沙坦联合黄芪注射液对早期糖尿病肾病的治疗效果。方法:63例2型糖尿病肾病(早期)患者随机分为治疗组33例,对照组30例,两组均采用饮食控制、药物控制血糖,在此基础上,治疗组给予缬沙坦口服,黄芪注射液静脉滴注,连续观察治疗4周。结果:本观察显示治疗组24 h尿蛋白定量、尿β2微球蛋白,均有明显减少,优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:本观察表明缬沙坦与黄芪联用能有效的延缓早期糖尿病肾病的进展。     

复方丹参滴丸与缬沙坦联合治疗糖尿病早期肾病疗效观察

目的 观察复方丹参滴丸联合缬沙坦治疗糖尿病早期肾病的疗效.方法 将65例糖尿病早期肾病的患者随机分为治疗组(应用复方丹参滴丸及缬沙坦)及对照组(应用缬沙坦),观察6个月,比较治疗前后尿白蛋白排泄率的变化.结果 治疗组治疗后尿白蛋白排泄率较对照组治疗后有明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 复方丹参滴丸与缬沙坦联合治疗糖尿病早期肾病的效果明显优于单用缬沙坦治疗.     

参芪地黄汤联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效观察

目的探讨参芪地黄汤联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法选择某院2015-01—2016-12收治的早期糖尿病肾病患者200例,均符合早期糖尿病肾病诊断标准及中医气阴两虚证候。按照随机数字表法分为观察组(参芪地黄汤联合缬沙坦治疗,100例)和对照组(缬沙坦治疗,100例)。观察两组治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率为91.0%明显优于对照组的72.0%,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;治疗后观察组证候积分(17.2±1.9)分,明显低于对照组(32.2±2.5)分,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;两组24 h尿蛋白定量、β2微球蛋白、尿肌酐等指标与治疗前比较,P0.05;且治疗后观察组24 h尿蛋白定量、β2微球蛋白、尿肌酐等指标明显优于对照组,P0.05。结论参芪地黄汤联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病效果显著。     

黄芪注射液对早期糖尿病肾病细胞炎性因子的影响

目的探讨对早期糖尿病肾病给予黄芪注射液治疗后细胞炎性因子IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的变化。方法将60例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和治疗组各30例,对照组给予缬沙坦胶囊80mg/d,治疗3个月。治疗组给予黄芪注射液和缬沙坦联合治疗3个疗程(每疗程15d)。检测各组患者血清IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α的水平。结果黄芪注射液联合缬沙坦治疗3个疗程后患者血清IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α、TG、TC及UAER的水平明显下降(P均<0.05),且与单用缬沙坦组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论黄芪注射液联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病,能明显降低血清IL-6、IL-18、TNF-α水平,提示黄芪有肾脏保护作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.