反复热性惊厥前后硫化氢/胱硫醚-β-合成酶体系表达的改变

目的:研究反复热性惊厥(febrile seizures,FS)对发育期大鼠脑内硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H2S)/胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthase,CBS)体系表达的影响.方法:采用热水浴诱导大鼠反复热性惊厥.隔日诱导惊厥1次,共诱导10次.发育期大鼠随机分为对照组(N组, n=8)及10次热性处理组(n=22).10次热性处理组依其是否出现惊厥又分为10次高热组(H组, n=9)及10次热性惊厥组(FS组,n=8).10次热性处理组中虽出现惊厥但不足10次者用于其他实验.用亚甲基蓝法测定大鼠血浆H2S含量;用原位杂交和免疫组化法分别观察CBS基因和蛋白表达情况.结果:FS组大鼠血浆H2S含量明显高于对照组和高热组,FS组大鼠海马CBS基因和蛋白表达明显高于对照组和高热组.结论:反复热性惊厥可使大鼠血浆H2S含量升高,并可使大鼠海马CBS基因和蛋白表达增强.     

TFHL对慢性脑缺血大鼠海马Caspase-3、TNF-α、IL-1β的影响

目的:探讨山楂叶总黄酮(TFHL)对慢性脑缺血大鼠海马Caspase-3、TNF-α和IL-1β的影响.方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、TFHL组和银杏叶片组,采用永久性双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备慢性脑缺血模型.免疫组化法检测大鼠海马Caspase-3蛋白的表达,ELISA法检测海马组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1 β)的含量.结果:与模型组比较,TFHL组大鼠海马Caspase-3蛋白的表达和TNF-α、IL-1β的含量明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:TFHL对慢性脑缺血大鼠脑组织具有保护作用,其机制可能与TFHL减轻炎症反应、下调Caspase-3蛋白表达有关.     

呼吸道病毒和炎症因子与热性惊厥发病的相关性

目的分析呼吸道病毒与炎症因子在热性惊厥(FS)发病中的相关性。方法选取130例热性惊厥患儿为FS组,同期51例有发热无惊厥的呼吸道感染患儿作为对照组。用免疫荧光法检测两组患儿鼻咽部脱落细胞病毒抗原。用流式细胞仪检测两组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平。结果FS组患儿中流感病毒A感染率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),IL-6、IL-10及TNF-α表达水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。FS组中复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清IL-6表达水平明显高于单纯性热性惊厥患儿(P＜0.05)。流感病毒A感染患儿IL-6、IL-10表达水平明显高于其他病毒感染患儿。结论在呼吸道病毒介导的FS患儿中,血清炎症因子的升高是病毒感染诱发FS发作的因素之一。IL-6升高可能促FS发作,IL-10升高与机体的保护性免疫有关。     

小脑顶核电刺激干预在卒中后抑郁大鼠细胞因子发病机制中的作用

目的观察卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression,PSD）模型大鼠海马组织细胞因子mRNA的表达及蛋白含量和电刺激干预作用。方法选用健康雄性SD（sprague-dawley,SD）大鼠,随机分为假手术组、卒中组、小脑顶核电刺激（fastigialnucleus electrical stimulation,FNS）组、PSD组,进行行为学观察,并用Real-time PCR和ELISA法测定海马组织TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6的mRNA表达及蛋白含量。结果卒中组大鼠海马组织中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6 mRNA的表达及蛋白含量增加（P〈0.05）;PSD大鼠海马组织TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6mRNA的表达及蛋白含量明显增高（P〈0.01）;FNS大鼠海马组织中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6 mRNA的表达及蛋白含量降低（P〈0.01）,抑郁症状得到改善（P〈0.01）。结论小脑顶核电刺激能降低PSD大鼠海马中炎性细胞因子水平,对PSD大鼠有神经保护作用。     

白藜芦醇对高脂饮食去卵巢肥胖大鼠脑组织炎症反应及海马Aβ1-42水平的影响

目的 探讨白藜芦醇对高脂饮食去卵巢肥胖大鼠海马组织炎症反应及β淀粉样蛋白1-42(Aβ1-42)水平的影响.方法 健康3月龄Wistar雌性大鼠30只随机分为假手术普通饮食组(SHAM组)、去卵巢高脂饮食组(OH组)、白藜芦醇[40 mg/(kg·d)-1]干预组(OHR组).相应干预3个月后检测大鼠血清雌二醇(E2)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,RT-PCR法检测海马组织中白细胞介素6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α) mRNA的表达,ELISA法检测海马匀浆IL-6、TNF-α与3淀粉样蛋白1-42(Aβ1-42)表达.结果 OH组大鼠血清E2水平较SHAM组明显降低(P＜0.01),OHR组大鼠血清中E2水平较OH组显著升高(P＜0.05);OH组大鼠血清TC、LDL-C含量较SHAM组升高(P＜0.01),OHR组大鼠血清TC含量较OH组降低(P＜0.01);OH组大鼠海马组织IL-6、TNF-α mRNA及IL-6、TNF-o、Aβ1-42蛋白含量较SHAM组明显升高(P＜0.01),OHR组IL-6、TNF-α mRNA及Aβ1-42蛋白含量较OH组明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 白藜芦醇能减轻高脂饮食去卵巢肥胖大鼠海马组织中Aβ1-42的沉积,其机制可能与白藜芦醇升高大鼠血清E2水平、降低血清TC含量、改善肥胖相关大脑炎症反应有关.     

肝病大鼠创伤弧菌攻击后肝细胞损伤和血清细胞因子检测

目的:探讨创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus,Vv)所致肝病大鼠肝细胞损伤、血清细胞因子的变化及其相关性.方法:采用四氯化碳制备慢性肝病大鼠18只,分Vv攻击和肝病大鼠对照组(n=9),Vv致死性感染多器官损伤肝病大鼠模型(5.0×107cfu/只),在观察肝细胞超微结构改变的同时检测大鼠血清中的前炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1 β、IL-6)和抗炎症因子(IL-10)的含量变化,还与接受相同菌量攻击、盐水攻击的正常大鼠(n=9)相比较.结果:在接受Vv攻击后4 h肝病大鼠组仅存活1只,5 h后全部死亡(0/9,0%),较之正常大鼠Vv攻击组5h存活8只(8/9,88.9%)差异有显著性(P＜0.01);血清细胞因子的含量检测提示,肝病大鼠血清IL-10(32.5 pg/ml)显著低于正常大鼠Vv攻击组(71.8 pg/ml,P＜0.05),而TNF-α(54.3 pg/ml)、IL-1 β(421.1 pg/ml)和IL-6(740.9 pg/ml)则分别明显高于正常大鼠Vv攻击组(40.7、255.4和352.5 pg/ml)差异有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).超微结构提示,肝病Vv攻击组肝细胞线柱体嵴减少、肿胀、空泡样改变,提示肝细胞损伤严重,而正常大鼠以同样Vv菌量攻击后未见同样改变,提示肝病大鼠Vv攻击后的死亡率、肝细胞损伤程度以及TNF-α、IL-1 β、和IL-6的含量均较非与肝病大鼠Vv攻击组明显升高,而IL-10则显著低于正常大鼠Vv攻击组.结论:本结果提示肝病大鼠Vv攻击后血清前炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1 β、IL-6)以及抗炎症因子(IL-10)的浓度与大鼠的死亡率、肝细胞损伤程度相关.     

银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆和炎症因子mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠模型学习记忆能力及TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6炎症因子mRNA表达的影响.方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组,正常组,模型组,银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组,采用双侧颈总动脉永久结扎法制备血管性痴呆大鼠模型,2周后采用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠的学习记忆能力,断头取脑后定量PCR检测海马组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的变化.结果 模型组大鼠存在记忆障碍,而银杏叶提取物干预组大鼠学习记忆能力明显改善,与模型组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).模型组大鼠海马组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA表达增加;银杏叶提取物干预组与模型组相比炎症因子mRNA降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 银杏叶提取物明显改善血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力,抑制炎症反应.     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马IL-1β、TNF-α含量变化及大蒜素干预的研究

目的观察血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠海马区炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α含量变化与认知功能变化的相关性;观察大蒜素对炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α含量的影响.方法采用Pulsinelli 4血管阻断(4-vascular occlusion,4VO)改良法建立大鼠动物模型;Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)、4VO组、大蒜素组;后两组又分为3 d、1周、4周、2个月(n=10)4个时相点;大鼠学习记忆能力测试采用微机控制的穿梭箱主动回避反应系统;IL-1β采用双抗体夹心ELISA法;TNF-α测定采用放射免疫分析法.结果①4VO组大鼠主动回避反应(active avoidance response,AAR)习得率显著降低;大蒜素治疗后AAR习得率较4VO组显著增高;②4VO组大鼠海马区IL-1β、TNF-α含量于造模后3 d、1周非常显著增高(P＜0.01),大蒜素组显著低于4VO组(P＜0.05).结论血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能改变与大鼠海马区炎性机制改变有关;大蒜素可抑制炎性细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的产生,改善大鼠认知功能.     

IL-10对TNF-α诱导的泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1表达的抑制作用

目的:观察白介素-10(IL-10)对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的干预作用.方法:THP-1单核细胞经诱导转化为巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞后随机分为4组:对照组,培养液中不加任何其他物质;TNF-α组,培养液中加10μg/L TNF-α;IL-10组,培养液中加10μg/L IL-10;IL-10 TNF-α组,培养液中加10μg/L IL-10预先孵育2 h后,再加10μg/L TNF-α.采用RT-PCR和Western-Blot检测各组0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白表达.结果:TNF-α组ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白表达呈时间依赖性降低(F=782.94,F=768.12,P均＜0.05).IL-10组ABCA1 mRNA表达在24 h和48 h有轻微增加(P＜0.05),但ABCA1蛋白表达在各时间点无明显变化.IL-10 TNF-α组ABCA1 mRNA和蛋白表达也呈时间依赖性降低(F=697.23,F=749.64,P均＜0.05),但同TNF-α组相比,其下降程度有所减轻(P＜0.05).结论:IL-10可部分抑制TNF-α所引起THP-1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞ABCA1表达的下调.     

首发精神分裂症IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α的血清蛋白水平及PBMC mRNA表达

目的:观察精神分裂症及其不同亚型中IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α的动态变化情况,探讨免疫机制与精神病理的关系.方法:应用ELISA和RT-PCR方法,同时检测83例精神分裂症患者治疗前后和65例健康对照者IL-1 β,TNF-α,IL-6血清蛋白水平和PBMC mRNA表达.结果:①精神分裂症组治疗前、后与对照组血清IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α水平相比均增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).精神分裂症组治疗后血清IL-1β水平与治疗前相比下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).②精神分裂症组治疗前阴性亚型患者TNF-α水平高于阳性亚型(P＜0.05),治疗后两型IL-1β水平和阴性亚型患者TNF-α水平较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);治疗前家族型患者IL-6水平高于散发型(P＜0.05),治疗后两型IL-1β水平和家族型患者TNF-α水平较治疗前下降(P＜0.05).③治疗前TNF-α水平与阴性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.412,P＜0.05);IL-1β治疗前后的差值与PANSS量表降分率呈正相关(r=0.388,P＜0.05).④精神分裂症组治疗前、后PBMC中IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA表达与对照组相比增高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);精神分裂症组治疗后PBMC中IL-1β mRNA表达与治疗前相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:①精神分裂症患者存在免疫激活,IL-1β水平的变化可作为病情缓解的一个灵敏指标.②遗传背景可能影响了精神分裂症患者血清IL-6水平及其介导的免疫功能;TNF-α水平的变化可能与阴性症状的改善密切相关.③精神分裂症患者PBMC细胞因子mRNA表达上调,其可能是细胞因子的主要来源之一.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.