几种药食两用野菜中16种元素的含量测评

采用微波消解法处理马齿苋、苋菜和苦菜样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定其中K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Sr、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Co、Cr、Al、Ba、Ni和Cd 16种常量和微量元素的含量。16种元素的检出限为0.00003~0.00917μg/ml,回收率90.00%~107.85%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.0%。结果显示,马齿苋、苋菜和苦菜中除含有人体必需的常量元素K、Na、Mg、Ca外,还含有Fe、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co等必需的微量元素和其它元素P、Ni、Ba、Al、Sr、Cd、Ba等。     

用F浮动逐步回归分析法研究儿童及青少年智力与生物元素含量的关系

对昆明市儿童及青少年共２１３人进行了智商测定，以头发为样品，测定了Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ和Ｐ的含量，以上述测定值及Ｚｎ／Ｃｕ、Ｃａ／Ｍｇ、Ｎａ／Ｋ、年龄、性别等１９项指标为自变量，用Ｆ浮动法进行多元逐步回归，筛选出对智商影响较明显的因素为Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ，其次为Ｃｄ及Ｎａ。提示各元素间的协同作用和拮抗作用对智力产生综合影响。     

牛磺酸对应激大鼠第二信使及心肌离子含量变化的影响

目的：探索牛磺酸对应激性心肌损伤的保护机制。方法：以异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠应激为模型，测定心肌及血浆中第二信使ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、Ｃａ２＋及心肌细胞中Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ离子和心肌线粒体中Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ离子含量的变化。结果：ＩＳＯ组心肌及血浆中ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ含量，心肌细胞中Ｃａ、Ｎａ、Ｋ离子及心肌线粒体中的Ｃａ离子含量显著高于对照组及牛磺酸组；而牛磺酸组心肌细胞中Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及线粒体中Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ离子含量显著高于ＩＳＯ组及对照组。三组心肌组织中Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ含量未见显著差异。结论：牛磺酸可显著抑制应激大鼠第二信使水平的升高及心肌细胞和线粒体中的钙超载现象，并使心肌细胞中的Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ及线粒体中Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ离子维持在较高水平，依此来减轻大鼠的应激性心肌损伤。     

Heavy Metals in Aquatic Macrophytes from Two Small Rivers Polluted by Urban,Agricultural and Textile Industry Sewages SW Poland

This article presents the results from a study of the comparison of 2 lowland rivers: the Olobok and the Pilawa in southwest Poland polluted by urban, agricultural, and textile industry sewages. pH and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfate were measured in water samples and concentrations of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, and Zn were measured in stream bottom sediments and in the aquatic macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Callitriche verna, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton natans, and Ceratophyllum demersum from the river Olobok and Elodea canadensis, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton crispus, and Veronica beccabunga from the river Pilawa. The matrix of concentrations of 16 elements in 27 plant samples of 7 species from 15 sampling sites of 2 rivers and concentrations of 15 elements and pH in water samples and 16 elements and pH in bottom sediment samples of these sites was submitted to numerical classification, which revealed that sampling sites from the rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1 of principal component analysis (PCA), which was related to the pH of water, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, and Ni in water and Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, and S in bottom sediments. More polluted parts of both rivers were differentiated from less polluted parts by the value of factor 2 of PCA, which was related to Pb, Zn, and sulfates in water and Ca and Zn in bottom sediments. Macrophytes from the Olobok and Pilawa rivers were differentiated by the value of factor 1, which was related to Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, N, Na, Pb, and S. Groups of macrophytes of more and less polluted parts of both rivers differed by the value of factor 2, which was related to P, K, and Mn. Downstream of the sewage outputs in both rivers, a significantly increased level of pollution occurs with elements correlated with factor 1: Among others were Cu and Cr, typical for the textile industry along the river Pilawa, and among others were Mn and Ni, typical for the urban and agricultural activities in the river Olobok.     

Determination of mineral contents of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri var. canescens) at different infusion periods

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has been used for the determination of contents of major and minor elements in Salvia aucheri var. canescens (sage) and its infusions for different intervals. Twenty-five elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ln, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sr, Ti,V, and Zn) were detected in both S. aucheri and its infusions. The ranges of mineral levels varied from Cd (1.6668 mg/kg) to K (13,570 mg/kg) and Ni (0.05273 mg/kg) to K (196.25 mg/kg) in the herb and its infusions, respectively. The levels of K, Ca, Na, Mg, and S in all infusions in this work were higher than those of the other elements. However, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, and Zn contents were high in the first period of infusion. As a result, the first period of infusion may be proposed as the optimum infusion time because of nutritional properties. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.     

猕猴桃属8种植物根部必需元素的含量测定

采用等离子体发射光谱法测定了猕猴桃属８种植物根部中必需元素：Ｍｇ、Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ的含量,结果表明Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ含量较高,Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ次之,Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ含量较低     

维药刺糖中微量元素的研究

用原子吸收分光光度法测定刺糖中的Ca ,Zn ,Fe ,Cu ,K ,Na ,Co ,Ni,Mg ,Mn ,Cr等 11种微量元素的含量 ,并进行分析。结果表明 :刺糖含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素 ,具有较高的药用价值     

簇生葱中11种微量元素含量分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定簇生葱中的Ca ,Zn ,Fe ,Cu ,K ,Na ,Co ,Ni,Mg ,Mn ,Cr等 11种微量元素的含量 ,并进行分析。结果表明 :簇生葱含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素 ,具有较高的药用价值     

Observations on metal concentrations in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in reservoirs of south Sri Lanka

Samples of the muscle and liver of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) obtained from the five reservoirs in four catchments in southern Sri Lanka in 1998 were analyzed for 16 elements: As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry, and Hg by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of Cr, Ni, and Pb were below the detection limits of the instrumental techniques employed in all samples. The elements As, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, and Zn were detected in the muscle and liver tissue, with Cd detected in some liver samples. There were no statistically significant differences between the individual concentrations of any of the metals and the site from which the tilapia were collected (P>0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant correlations were found between total length of fish and metal concentration. No elements were found at concentrations of toxicological concern. However, a principal component analysis suggests that the populations of tilapia in the reservoirs may be exposed to different regimes of metals, possibly associated with different catchment land-use patterns.     

新疆圆柏实中微量元素分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了新疆圆柏实中的Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu、K、Na、Co、Ni、Mn、Cr、Mg等11种微量元素的含量。结果表明,新疆圆柏实中人体必需的微量元素的含量较高,作为中药及维吾尔医药,具有较高的药用价值。     

Determination of the chemical composition of the nutritionally valuable parts of male and female common west African fresh water crab Sudananautes africanus africanus

The proximate and mineral composition of the anatomical parts of adult male and female Sudananautes africanus africanus (common West African fresh water crab) were determined. The mineral composition of the ambient water was also determined. The lifeweights of the males varied between 92.18 and 140.36 g and the values ranged between 56.95 and 102.61 g in the females. The cheliped muscle recorded the highest value for protein and the lowest value for the total ash in both sexes, correlation coefficients (rMF) were positively related and high for protein (0.99), crude fat (0.84), total ash (0.99) and fibre (0.99) but negatively related in carbohydrate (-0.49) between the two sexes. The following minerals were highly concentrated in both sexes: Ca, Mg, Zn, Ni, P, Fe, Cu, Na and K with significant differences occurring in Ca, Mg, Zn, Ni, P, Fe, Cu and K at alpha < 0.05. Bioconcentration factors were found to be particularly high in the trace heavy metals: Co, Ni and Cu. All the various parts studied were found to be very good sources of the minerals examined with the exception of Co.     

Major and trace elements in sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Ósū) mushroom—Dietary intake and risk in southeastern Nigeria

This paper presents the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in 30 specimens of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium mushroom from two markets in southeastern Nigeria. The elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The K and Mg contents ranged from 500 to 10,000 μg/g (dry weight), followed by Ca and Na ranging from 19 to 1700 μg/g. The median concentrations of Fe, Zn, Al, and Mn were generally >10 μg/g, followed by Rb, Cu, Sr, Ba, and P with median between 1.1 and 11 μg/g, while Cr, Ni, Ag, Co, and Cd were <1 μg/g. The Hg concentrations were between 0.0033 and 0.15 μg/g. The Pb (0.05–2.2 μg/g) and Cd (0.0027–0.16 μg/g) contents were below EU limits for these metals in fungi, and thus safe for human consumption. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the concentrations of Ba, Ca, Mg, P, Rb and Sr in sclerotia did not vary considerably, depending on the sampling location, as did Cd, Cu, and Mn. PCA also revealed that the Hg and Pb in sclerotia could be related to anthropogenic sources.     

两产地3种蜂蜜中的10种元素比例分布

用ICP—AES法测定两个产地、3种蜂蜜中的P、B、Zn、Fe、Cu、Na、K、Mg、Mn、Ca 10种元素的含量,比较了K与Na、Ca与Mg、Zn与Cu、Fe与Mn、P与B的含量比例关系。结果表明,河北槐花蜂蜜、椴树蜂蜜和东北黑蜂蜜中各自比例为:6.40、6.20、2.16、9.07、6.61;3.75、20.0、7.10、39.8、18.43;8.13、10.0、2.93、12.5、26.78。3种蜂蜜的10种元素比例存在显著性差异。     

火焰原子吸收法测定潮州芡实中的矿质元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了潮州芡实中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Ni、Pb、Cd等微量元素 ,为潮州芡实的开发提供了依据。各元素的回收率在 95 %～ 10 5 %。结果表明 ,潮州芡实中富含人体必需的微量元素及大量元素 ,有害元素Pb、Cd等含量较低。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定灰树花中的微量金属元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了灰树花中微量金属元素Cd、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Fe、Ni、K、Ca的含量。实验结果表明,灰树花中K元素含量高,Ca,Cr,Fe,Ni的含量一般,而Cd,Cu,Zn,Mn 4种元素没有检测到。     

Content of major and minor mineral elements in weekly diets of eleven Finnish hospitals

As part of the research programme of the Sub-network on Trace Element Status in Foods and Diets of the FAO Cooperative Network on Trace Elements, the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo and Ni were determined in homogenized weekly diets collected from 11 hospitals throughout Finland. Samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry using certified reference materials to ensure analytical quality control. The average energy content of the diets was 8.6 MJ (2045 kcal). The average mineral concentrations were as follows: Na 0.45 g/MJ; K 0.49 g/MJ; Ca 160 mg/MJ; Mg 42 mg/MJ; Fe 1.6 mg/MJ; Zn 1.6 mg/MJ; Mn 0.70 mg/MJ; Cu 0.18 mg/MJ; Mo 12 μg/MJ; and Ni 14 μg/MJ. In conclusion, the quality of Finnish hospital diets with regard to major and minor mineral elements is acceptable with the exceptions of iron, zinc and copper, whose intake may be limited at low energy levels.     

Springtime peaks of trace metals in Antarctic snow.

Drifting snow samples were collected at Asuka Station (71 degrees 32'S, 24 degrees 08'E, 930 m above sea level) over a period from July to December 1991; 36 elements (including Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Al, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Th) in snow were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) by direct sample introduction. Concentrations of Cl-, NO3-, and SO(4)2- in the snow were also determined by ion chromatography. In late September to early October, there was a pronounced peak concentration of most of the elements together with non-sea salt sulfate. Enrichment factor analyses suggest that Na, Mg, Ca, K, and Sr are of marine origin and Al, Fe, Mn, Rb, Cr, Ni, Ga, V, and all the rare earth elements are of crustal origins. Volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (June 1991) and Mt. Hudson (August 1991) could be the reason for the precipitation of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Se together with non-sea salt sulfates in the austral spring at Asuka Station.     

ICP-OES和ICP-MS测定黄金茶中26种矿质元素含量

收集了2种不同产地的黄金茶样品,经过微波消解或密封消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP—OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)测定了其中Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cs,Cu,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Rb,S,Sb,Se,Sr,V和Zn等26种矿质元素的含量,并用生物标准参考物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)评价分析了方法的准确度。研究结果表明:黄金茶中人体必需宏量元素K,Na,Ca,Mg,S,P和人体必需微量元素Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn等含量十分丰富,而有害元素Pb,Cd,As,Sb等含量极低。2种不同产地的黄金茶中一些元素的含量存在明显的差异,可能与地壳中化学元素分布的不均一性等因素有关。     

常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓关系的研究

目的 探讨常、微量元素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)间的关系.方法 孕晚期测定71名孕妇母血、脐血、羊水中微量元素水平,其中IUGR组21例,对照组35例,巨大儿组15例.结果 IUGR组母血清Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cr明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);Cd,Pb,Ni水平明显高于对照组;巨大儿组母血清Fe含量亦明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);三组间Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组脐血清Se,Mn,Cd,Fe,Cu,Mg明显低于对照组;Pb,Ni明显高于对照组;三组间Zn,Ca,Ti,Co,Li无明显差别.IUGR组羊水Zn,Se,Mn,Fe明显低于对照组,三组间Ca,Co无明显差别.结论 常、微量元素与胎儿发育关系密切,Zn,Se,Mn,Fe,Mg,Cu,Cr缺乏可致胎儿宫内发育迟缓,Cd,Pb,Ni升高可致低体重儿.     

Contents of mineral elements in Swedish market basket diets

The aim of this study was to estimate the average dietary exposure to toxic and essential mineral elements in the Swedish population (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Se, Ca, K, Mg, Na, I). Market baskets were purchased during March-May 1999 in four cities representing the major geographical regions and population centres in Sweden. The market baskets were based on food disappearance data representing more than 90% of annual supply, and were divided into 12 food groups.Large variations between food groups were seen for the average concentrations of most essential elements. Differences between the four cities were relatively small (CoV < 10-20%), exceptions being e.g. Se in cereals and I in meat. Pb concentration varied considerably among food groups ranging from <0.001 mg/kg in soft drinks to 0.027 mg/kg in wine. Cd concentration varied from <0.001 mg/kg in soft drinks and dairy products to 0.024 mg/kg in cereal products. Average contents of the elements were (per/person/day) 1110 mg Ca, 2580 mg Na, 3320 mg K, 285 mg Mg, 11.3 mg Zn, 9.2 mg Fe, 3.5 mg Mn, 1.15 mg Cu, 0.20 mg I, 0.052 mg Se, 0.09 mg Ni, 0.025 mg Cr, 0.011 mg Co, 0.007 mg Pb and 0.010 mg Cd. Compared to a previous study in 1987 no or minor changes in the supply of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd have occurred. The content of Fe was about 40% lower in the present study, mainly due to cessation of flour fortification. The content of Se was about 30% higher. The content of Pb was about 50% lower, probably due to the elimination of Pb from petrol and other measures taken to reduce Pb emissions in Sweden. The average content of essential mineral elements in the Swedish diet was close to or above daily recommended intakes for adults, except for Mg and Fe. The average Pb and Cd content corresponds to 3% and 17% of the JECFA PTWI, respectively. The content of Cd corresponds to 47% of the new TWI established by EFSA in 2009.