老年男性高血压患者脉压指数特征的分析

目的分析老年男性高血压患者脉压指数特征及其对心脑血管事件危险性的预测价值。方法选择265例老年男性高血压患者进行动态血压监测,按脉压指数水平分层:≤0.400(103例),0.401～0.500(124例),≥0.501(38例),分析高血压患者昼夜及不同脉压指数的动态血压特征及心脑血管事件危险性。结果高血压患者夜间脉压较昼间明显降低(P<0.01);脉压指数昼夜变化幅度较小,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随脉压指数增加,高血压患者平均收缩压(24 h、昼间、夜间)、平均脉压(24 h、昼间、夜间)、收缩压最高值、收缩压变异性(24 h、昼间)、夜间收缩压负荷值明显升高;而平均舒张压(24 h、昼间、夜间)、舒张压最低值、昼间舒张压负荷值、夜间血压下降率均明显下降(P<0.01)。随脉压指数增加,心脑血管事件发生率增高(P<0.01)。结论脉压指数较脉压更有利于对患者动脉硬化做出准确评估,且对老年男性高血压患者心脑血管事件危险性有一定预测价值。     

血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度与动态血压参数的关系

目的探讨血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度与动态血压参数的关系。方法选择理想血压者63例,血压正常高值者74例,高血压者67例。监测所有入选者24 h动态血压,应用脉搏波传导速度测定仪测定颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度。结果血压正常高值组24 h收缩压、24 h舒张压、白昼收缩压、白昼舒张压、夜间收缩压、24 h脉压、白昼脉压及夜间脉压均高于理想血压组,低于高血压组(P<0.05或P<0.01);血压正常高值组夜间舒张压低于高血压组(P<0.05)。血压正常高值组颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度(9.67±1.12 m/s)显著高于血压理想组(8.27±0.99 m/s),低于高血压组(10.55±1.71 m/s;P<0.05或P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析显示,24 h收缩压、24 h脉压、夜间收缩压是颈动脉-桡动脉脉搏波传导速度的影响因素(β值分别为0.385、0.351及0.247,P<0.05)。结论血压正常高值者动脉僵硬度增高,24 h收缩压、24 h脉压、夜间收缩压是影响动脉弹性的主要因素。     

高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点

目的探讨高龄老年高血压患者动态血压特点。方法选择我院心血管内科及老年医学科住院的高血压患者265例,按年龄分为高龄老年组(年龄≥80岁)94例、老年组(60～79岁)90例和60岁组81例,行动态血压监测,分析其血压节律、3个时段(24h、昼间及夜间)血压均值及血压变异性的特点。结果高龄老年组和老年组杓型血压发生率、24h舒张压、昼间舒张压、昼间平均压、夜间舒张压明显低于60岁组,反杓型血压发生率、24h脉压、昼间脉压、夜间收缩压、夜间脉压明显高于60岁组(P0.05,P0.01);高龄老年组杓型血压发生率及24h、昼间、夜间舒张压明显低于老年组[13.83%vs 26.66%,(66.17±7.39)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs (70.39±10.96)mm Hg,(66.90±7.55)mm Hg vs (70.88±11.68)mm Hg,(64.10±8.14)mm Hg vs (68.27±11.86)mm Hg,P0.05,P0.01],24h、夜间脉压明显高于老年组(P0.05,P0.01),昼间收缩压变异明显高于老年组和60岁组,24h收缩压变异高于60岁组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);老年组24h平均压明显低于60岁组(P0.05)。结论高龄老年高血压患者动态血压表现出血压节律异常、脉压增大、血压变异性升高等特点。     

老年高血压患者动态血压负荷和脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的探讨老年高血压患者24 h动态血压负荷与颈桡动脉脉搏波传导速度(crPWV)的相关性。方法选取60～79岁的老年原发性高血压患者187例,对所有入选对象进行24 h动态血压监测,根据获取的24 h动态血压监测参数分为杓型组90例与非杓型组97例,选择同期体检人群82例为正常对照组。所有受试者行24 h动态血压监测,应用脉搏波速度测定仪测定crPWV,并进行分析。结果杓型组及非杓型组24 h、昼间及夜间收缩压、舒张压负荷均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。非杓型组夜间血压负荷较杓型组升高(P<0.05)。杓型组及非杓型组crPWV均较正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。控制性别、年龄因素后,老年高血压患者24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是crPWV影响的主要因素。结论老年高血压患者动态血压负荷升高,大动脉顺应性降低,其中24 h收缩压、夜间收缩压负荷、昼间舒张压负荷是影响大动脉顺应性的主要危险因素。     

高龄原发性高血压患者PWV与ABPM测定及相关性分析

对102例高龄原发性高血压患者行臂-踝脉搏传导速度(baPWV)和24 h动态血压(ABPM)监测,对二者的相关性行Pearson相关分析.结果 baPWV为(2 272±263)cm/s,显著高于同龄血压正常者;Pearson相关结果显示,baPWV与24 h、白昼、夜间的收缩压、舒张压、脉压、白昼心率、收缩压负荷及舒张压负荷呈正相关,与夜间收缩压下降率呈负相关.认为血压水平升高使高龄原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度明显增加,且与ABPM密切相关.     

高血压患者颈动脉搏动指数和阻力指数与动态心电血压监测指标的相关性

目的 探讨高血压患者颈动脉搏动指数、阻力指数的变化及其与动态心电血压监测各指标间的相关性。方法 回顾性选取2018年10月—2021年10月间收治的原发性高血压患者210例作为研究对象纳入高血压组,同时选取同期于院内进行体检的健康志愿者300人纳入对照组。测定比较两组研究对象的颈动脉搏动指数、阻力指数、24 h平均收缩压、昼夜平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、昼夜平均舒张压,24 h心电ST-T阳性率,并分析动态血压各指标与搏动指数、阻力指数之间的相关性;对高血压组患者按照搏动指数和阻力指数进行三分位分组,比较不同动脉弹性患者动态血压指标的差异。结果 高血压组颈动脉搏动指数、阻力指数、24 h平均血压、昼夜平均收缩压、昼夜平均舒张压、24 h收缩压负荷、24 h舒张压负荷、24 h心电ST-T阳性率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。不同搏动指数亚组患者比较显示,随着患者搏动指数升高,患者的24 h平均血压、昼间收缩压、昼间舒张压、24 h舒张压负荷升高(均P<0.001);不同阻力指数亚组患者比较显示,随着患者阻力指数升高,患者的24 h平均血压、昼间收缩压、夜间收缩压、昼间舒张...     

老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与血压变异性的关系

目的:探讨老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与血压变异性(BPV)的关系。方法:选择老年高血压患者234例进行动脉僵硬度检测及24小时动态血压监测,以血压读数的标准差表示血压变异性,根据臂踝脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)实测值超过标准值的百分比分为动脉正常组(n=44)、动脉轻度硬化组(n=72)、动脉中度硬化组(n=78)、动脉重度硬化组(n=40),比较四组血压监测数据、血压变异性、血生化指标并分析与ba PWV的相关性。结果:1四组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、24小时平均舒张压、昼间平均舒张压、24小时平均收缩压及舒张压的标准差、昼间平均收缩压及舒张压的标准差、夜间平均舒张压的标准差比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。2 baP WV增高的百分比与患者年龄、24小时收缩压的标准差、24小时舒张压的标准差、昼间收缩压的标准差、昼间及夜间舒张压的标准差呈正相关(r值分别为0.320、0.210、0.373、0.315、0.306和0.184;P均0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.178;P0.01)。3患者年龄、24小时平均收缩压的标准差、24小时平均舒张压的标准差、昼间平均收缩压的标准差为baP WV的独立危险因素。结论:老年高血压患者动脉僵硬度与血压变异性密切相关。     

血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与肿瘤坏死因子α的相关性

目的探讨血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-a)的关系。方法选择理想血压者100例,血压正常高值者105例,高血压患者110例,进行24 h动态血压监测,分别计算三组动态血压负荷及血压变异性,并测定TNF-a水平。结果血压正常高值组TNF-a水平、24 h、白昼及夜间动态血压负荷高于理想血压组,低于高血压组(P<0.01)。血压正常高值组24 h、白昼及夜间血压变异性高于理想血压组,24 h及白昼收缩压变异性、24 h及夜间舒张压变异性低于高血压组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析及多元逐步线性回归分析显示,血压正常高值组TNF-α与24 h收缩压负荷、24 h舒张压负荷、24 h收缩压变异性、白昼收缩压负荷、夜间舒张压负荷、夜间收缩压变异性呈正相关(P<0.05),24 h收缩压负荷及变异性、夜间收缩压负荷及变异性是TNF-α的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论血压正常高值者动态血压负荷及血压变异性与TNF-α相关,高血压早期炎症与血压升高有关。     

高血压病患者动脉僵硬度与左室肥厚相关性研究

目的通过检测原发性高血压患者脉搏波传导速度、肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性舒张功能,并对其行心脏彩超检测;探讨原发性高血压患者动脉僵硬度变化与左室肥厚之间的关系。方法 (1)收集原发性高血压患者120例。(2)使用无创携带式动态血压监测仪(ABPM)检测出研究对象24小时血压;计算24 h脉压(24 hPP)、24小时收缩压变异(24 hBPVs)、24小时舒张压变异(24hBPVd),以此将研究对象分组:①根据24 hPP水平分为3组:24 hPP60 mm Hg组;②根据收缩压变异值分:24 hBPVs15组;③根据舒张压变异值分:24 hBPVd15组。(3)用VP-1000动脉弹性检测仪测定测定肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWM)。(4)采用高分辨率超声检测肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)。(5)采用心脏彩色多普勒超声,测定左心室舒张末期内经(LVDd),左心室后壁厚度(PWT)和室间隔厚度(IVST),评价左室肥厚。结果 (1)在不同脉压分组中的高血压病患者,随着脉压增大,其FMD逐渐减小,baPWV、LVMI逐渐增大;线性分析示各组中baPWV与FMD呈负相关、baPWV与左室质量指数呈正相关、FMD与左室质量指数呈负相关,提示baPWV和FMD反映动脉弹性具有一致性,不同脉压的高血压病患者(包括正常脉压患者)的动脉僵硬度与左室肥厚呈正相关(P<0.01),早期检测动脉僵硬度对左室肥厚有明显预测性。(2)在不同血压变异性分组中的高血压病患者,随着血压变异性增大,其FMD逐渐减小,baPWV、LVMI逐渐增大,其中收缩压变异性分组中各组的FMD、baPWV、LVMI差异性较舒张压变异性分组的显著;线性分析示各组中baPWV与FMD呈负相关、baPWV与左室质量指数呈正相关、FMD与左室质量指数呈负相关,提示baPWV和FMD反映动脉弹性具有一致性,不同血压变异性的高血压病患者的动脉僵硬度与左室肥厚呈正相关(P<0.01),早期检测动脉弹性对左室肥厚有明显预测性。(3)非条件logisti逐步回归分析,高血压病患者动脉僵硬度增加是影响脉压、血压变异性、左室重构的独立危险因素。结论 (1)高血压病患者左室肥厚程度与动脉僵硬度呈正相关,动脉僵硬度是左室肥厚的独立预测因子。(2)动脉僵硬度与脉压、血压变异性呈正相关,动脉僵硬度通过影响脉压及血压变异性引起或加重左室肥厚。(3)应用无创方法测定动脉僵硬度,评估存在多种危险因素的患者,有助于在各种恶性心血管事件发生之前即可进行危险分层,提供早期动脉病变的证据和信息,指导早期的干预。     

动脉僵硬度与动态血压指标的相关性研究

目的分析脉搏波速度(PWV)与动态血压各指数的相关性。方法对72例1级~3级原发性高血压病人进行动态血压监测和臂踝-脉搏波速度测定,采用相关及偏相关、单向方差分析方法,结合年龄、性别、体型、病史、血生化等指标分析动脉僵硬度与动态血压各指数的相关性。结果 PWV与24 h平均收缩压(SBP)、平均脉压(PP)、SBP变异率、白天及夜间最高SBP、最低SBP、平均SBP、平均PP、SBP变异率、SBP负荷、夜间SBP下降率正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01),控制其他危险因素后仍正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。SBP昼夜节律消失组PWV大于减弱和正常组(P>0.05),舒张压(DBP)昼夜节律减弱组PWV小于消失组(P<0.05)。结论动脉僵硬度与动态血压各指数有关,与收缩压、脉压的关系较舒张压更为密切,且与血压变异性及昼夜节律密切相关,提示只有使全天的血压均平稳降低,减少血压波动,改善血压昼夜节律,才能更好地保护血管功能。     

Efficacy of various antihypertensive agents as evaluated by indices of vascular stiffness in elderly hypertensive patients.

When observed in elderly hypertensive patients, increased pulse pressure (PP) and arterial stiffness are known to be independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) leads to left ventricular hypertrophy, while decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) results in decreased coronary circulation. It is known that increased arterial stiffness is the major cause of increased PP. Thus basic morbid states of cardiac failure or ischemic heart diseases are more likely to develop in elderly hypertensive patients with increased PP and arterial stiffness, and there is need of antihypertensive drugs that decrease these effects in elderly hypertensives. In this study, we compared the effects of an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB: valsartan), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I: temocapril), and long-acting Ca antagonists (L- and N-type Ca channel blocker: cilnidipine; and L-type Ca channel blocker: nifedipine CR) on PP and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity in elderly hypertensive patients for 3 months. The ARB yielded the largest reductions in PP and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), followed by the ACE-I and L- and N-type Ca channel blocker, while the L-type Ca channel blocker yielded no improvement. The effects on arterial stiffness and PP thus varied among the drug characteristics. Although ARB achieved the largest reduction in baPWV, this decrease was not associated with any reductions in PP, SBP, DBP, or mean blood pressure, as were the baPWV-decreases achieved by the other drugs, suggesting that ARB may further reduce the risk of arteriosclerosis in elderly hypertensive patients by decreasing arterial stiffness in addition to its antihypertensive effect.     

动态血压监测参数血压负荷、曲线下面积与左室肥厚的关系

目的　研究高血压患者动态血压监测参数 :血压负荷、曲线下面积与左室肥厚的关系。对象　 75例高血压病人 ,男性 51例 ,女性 2 4例 ,平均年龄 63± 8(46～ 74)岁。方法　动态血压测定 2 4h血压 ,超声心动图测定室间隔、左室后壁厚度 ,左室舒张末直径并按Devereux校正公式计算左心室重量指数 (LVMI)。结果　多元逐步回归分析显示 :收缩压、收缩压负荷 ,收缩压曲线下面积值以及夜间的舒张压、舒张压负荷、舒张压曲线下面积与LVMI有关 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　曲线下面积能较好地反映动脉血压的变化与左心室肥厚的关系。     

Pulse pressure,heart rate,and drug treatment of hypertension

Peak-systolic blood pressure (SBP) and end-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) have been considered the exclusive mechanical factors predicting cardiovascular (CV) risk in populations of normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The purpose of this review is to show that in addition to SBP and DBP, other hemodynamic indices that have particular relevance for coronary complications and originate from pulse pressure (PP) should be taken into account, namely brachial PP and, potentially, heart rate (HR). In normotensive and hypertensive populations, increased PP is an independent predictor for myocardial infarction, more powerful than SBP, even in hypertensive subjects under successful antihypertensive drug therapy. Increased HR is an additional CV risk factor, acting particularly through the presence of an enhanced PP x HR product. Such findings, observed during a period in which standard antihypertensive agents are known to reduce SBP and PP to a much lesser extent than DBP, require the development of intervention trials using drugs acting specifically on SBP, PP, and arterial stiffness.     

Effect of Low-Dose Manidipine on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Very Elderly Hypertensives

Summary. To evaluate the effect of manidipine 10 mg on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in very elderly hypertensive patients, 54 patients aged 76–89 years (mean age 81.8 years) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) >160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg were studied. After a 4-week placebo washout period, patients were randomized to receive manidipine 10 mg or placebo, both administered once daily for 8 weeks. Patients were checked after the initial run-in placebo phase and every 4 weeks thereafter. At each visit casual BP and HR were measured. At the end of the placebo period and after 8 weeks of active treatment, noninvasive 24-hour ambulate blood pressure measurement ABPM was performed. Manidipine significantly lowered casual sitting and standing SBP (P <0.001) and DBP (P <0.001) at the trough level. ABPM showed a significant decrease in 24-hour SBP and DBP values (P < 0,001), daytime SBP and DBP (P <0.001), and night-time SBP (P <0.001) and DBP (P <0.005). In addition, ABPM confirmed a consistent antihypertensive activity throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, without effect on the circadian BP profile. The trough/peak ratio was 0.67 for SBP and 0.59 DBP. No statistically significant change in HR was observed. The treatment was well tolerated, and there were no serious side effects. In conclusion, in very elderly hypertensive patients, once-daily administration of manidipine 10 mg was well tolerated and effective in reducing casual as well ambulatory BP.     

老年高血压病患者血压昼夜节律与动态的动脉硬化指数的关系

目的 探讨老年高血压病患者血压昼夜节律与动态动脉硬化指数的关系。方法 根据动态血压检测结果将112例老年高血压病患者分为杓形组(n=37)、非杓形组（n=45）和反杓形组（n=30）,并测定及计算动态动脉硬化指数（AASI）。结果 3组年龄,体质量指数,总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖、病程和全天及白天平均收缩压、舒张压和脉压比较均无显著性差异。3组夜间平均收缩压、夜间平均舒张压、AASI比较有显著性差异（P<0.01）。结论 动态血压昼夜节律的改变与动态动脉硬化指数相关。     

Associations between reactive oxygen species, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in black South Africans: the SABPA study

Many mechanisms, including oxidative stress, contribute to hypertension. This study investigated the possible associations between oxidative stress, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in black South Africans. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements were taken for 101 black South African men and 99 women. The stiffness indices included ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) and pulse pressure (PP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (P<0.0001) were higher in the African women compared with men. ROS levels were also higher in hypertensive compared with normotensive men. The 24?h systolic blood pressure (SBP; P<0.01), 24?h diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P<0.0001) and pulse wave velocity (PWV; P<0.01) were significantly higher in African men compared with women. There were unadjusted positive associations of 24?h SBP (r=0.33; P=0.001), 24?h DBP (r=0.26; P=0.008) and 24?h PP (r=0.29; P=0.003) with ROS in African men only. A positive association between AASI and ROS existed only in hypertensive men (r=0.27; P=0.035), but became nonsignificant (B=0.0014; P=0.14) after adjustments. Adjusted, positive associations of 24?h SBP (B=0.181; P=0.018) and 24?h PP (B=0.086; P=0.050) with ROS were again only evident in African men. ROS is positively associated with SBP and PP in African men, suggesting that increased ROS levels may contribute to hypertension in this population group.     

Age,Arterial Stiffness,and Components of Blood Pressure in Chinese Adults

Blood pressure (BP) changes with age. We conducted a cross-sectional study in rural Chinese adults to investigate: (1) what is the relationship between age, arterial stiffness, and BP in Chinese men and women; and (2) to what degree can the age–BP relationship be explained by arterial stiffness, controlling for other covariables.These analyses included a total of 1688 subjects (males/females: 623/1065), aged 40 to 88 years. Among them, 353 (20.9%) had hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg). Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).baPWV appeared to be more strongly correlated with BP (including SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure [MAP], pulse pressure [PP]) than age (P < 0.001 for comparisons between Spearman correlation coefficients). Furthermore, baPWV was associated with BP (including SBP, DBP, MAP, and PP) and risk of hypertension in a dose–response fashion, independent of age; in contrast, the age–BP associations were either attenuated or became negative after adjusting for baPWV.Arterial stiffness appears to be an independent contributor to hypertension, even after adjusting for age and other covariables. In contrast, age–BP associations became attenuated or negative after adjusting for baPWV. The utility of baPWV as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic indicator for hypertension warrants further investigation.     

Comparison between casual blood pressure and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters in healthy and hypertensive adolescents

Casual blood pressure measurements were compared with mean ambulatory blood pressure values during wakefulness and sleep in 45 normotensive and 30 hypertensive adolescents of both sexes aged 10-18 years. Two sets of auscultatory casual blood pressure were obtained, one in a pediatric office setting (office blood pressure), performed by the physician, and one in the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) unit, performed by a trained nurse, prior to the initiation of ABPM (pre-ABPM blood pressure). In normotensive and hypertensive subjects of both sexes, the mean office systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower than the mean pre-ABPM SBP, and the mean office diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was lower than the mean pre-ABPM DBP. In normotensive participants, the mean pre-ABPM SBP/DBP was lower than the mean ABPM SBP/DBP while awake, the mean ABPM SBP/DBP during sleep being lower than the mean ABPM SBP/DBP values while awake and the mean pre-ABPM SBP/DBP. No statistical difference was demonstrated between the mean office SBP and the mean ABPM SBP during sleep, the mean ABPM DBP during sleep being lower than the mean office DBP. The hypertensive adolescents presented a blood pressure profile similar to that of the normotensive group, albeit shifted upwards, with no significant difference between the mean pre-ABPM SBP and the mean ABPM SBP while awake but a higher mean pre-ABPM DBP than mean ABPM DBP while awake. This study suggests that, by evaluating the casual blood pressure in different environment/observer situations, the power of casual blood pressure to predict inadequate blood pressure control, manifested as abnormal ABPM parameters, can be enhanced. Our data indicate ABPM to be the method of choice for the early diagnosis and adequate follow-up of adolescent hypertension.     

原发性高血压患者的昼夜血压特点与年龄及性别的研究

目的探讨原发性高血压患者昼夜血压与年龄、性别的关系。方法1 100例原发性高血压患者分为高龄老年组(≥80岁)、老年组(60~79岁)、中老年组(40~59岁)、中青年组(<40岁),分析不同年龄及性别高血压患者的昼夜血压特点。结果夜间血压负荷增高患者的年龄较大(P<0.01)。老年组及高龄老年组的夜间收缩压(SBP)较高,夜间舒张压(DBP)较低(P<0.01)。平均动脉压(MAP)昼夜差值百分比与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.262,P<0.01)。女性患者的夜间DBP较低;夜间血压负荷增高的女性患者夜间SBP较高,夜间DBP较低;非杓型女性患者的夜间SBP、夜间脉压较高(P<0.01)。结论原发性高血压患者的夜间血压、血压昼夜节律与年龄、性别相关。