Treatment of an infected total hip replacement with the PROSTALAC system.: Part 2: Health-related quality of life and function with the PROSTALAC implant in situ

INTRODUCTION: Infection after total hip replacement (THR) adversely affects patients' function and health-related quality of life (HRQL). A prosthesis with antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement (PROSTALAC) was designed to improve the function and quality of life of patients undergoing treatment for infected THR. METHODS: We assessed 23 patients with the PROSTALAC implant in situ for treatment of an infected THR for function and HRQL, using standardized outcome measures. These patients were compared with a referent cohort of patients who had undergone assessment of function and HRQL before and 6 months after primary THR in the same tertiary health centres. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation) Western Ontario MacMaster (WOMAC) scores for PROSTALAC patients were 70.0 (21.1), 65.8 (20.4) and 63.0 (21.1) for pain, stiffness and function, respectively. The median Harris Hip score was 62.3 (minimum 20.4, maximum 86.3) and median global hip range of motion was 100.0 (minimum 80.0, maximum 140.0) degrees. CONCLUSION: The mean WOMAC scores for pain, stiffness and function were better than they were for patients awaiting THR but not as good as 6 months after primary THR. The PROSTALAC implant allows patients to have reasonable function and quality of life during the interim treatment for deep joint infection.     

Infection in total hip replacement: meta-analysis

While total hip arthroplasty has progressed to become one of the most successful surgical procedures ever developed, infection remains a serious complication. We have conducted a review of the literature pertaining to management of deep infection in total hip arthroplasty, specifically focusing on clinically relevant articles published in the last five years. A search was conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed, as well as a review of the Cochrane database, using the terms “total hip arthroplasty”, “total hip replacement” and “infection”. References for all selected articles were cross-checked. While the so-called two-stage revision is generally considered to be the gold standard for management, numerous studies now report outcomes for implant retention and reassessing one-stage revision strategies. There are encouraging reports for complex reconstruction options in patients with associated severe bone stock loss. The duration of antibiotic therapy remains controversial. There is concern about increasing bacterial resistance especially with the widespread use of vancomycin and ertapenem (carbapenem).     

Treatment of the infected hip replacement

Selection of the suitable treatment method for an infected hip arthroplasty requires careful assessment of patient-related variables and expected treatment goals. The basic treatment options include antibiotic suppression, open debridement, resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, reimplantation of another prosthesis, and amputation. Successful treatment of infection requires complete debridement of all infected and foreign material and appropriate antimicrobial therapy. When possible, the preferred treatment approach is insertion of another prosthesis with a delayed reconstructive treatment technique. Patients now are presenting with an increasing incidence of resistant organisms and severe bone loss, which increases the difficulty of treatment.     

Infection management in total hip replacement

Summary Early diagnosis and determined management of infection after hip replacement are the prerequisites for good end results. Infections that manifest themselves during the first 6 weeks after a prosthetic implant can be mastered by local debridement. The implant can thus be saved, and the functional performance as well. Infections that appear after this 6-week period many require temporary removal of the implant in order to control the infection. When the clinical aspects and laboratory data indicate the infection is under control, the hip endoprosthesis can be reimplanted with a very low rate of recurrence. The method applied for removal of implants and bone cement is of utmost importance for the final results, and a extremely diligent surgical technique is the basis for long-term management of infection and good functional performance. Resection arthroplasty is not the treatment of choice anymore for infected hip prostheses and should be restricted to special cases.     

Evaluation of an expandable stem total hip replacement system

The expandable nail concept uses high-pressure saline to inflate the diameter of a cylindrical implant to achieve fixation within the medullary canal of bone. Expandable nails are used clinically in a number of fracture management applications and have been more recently developed as a femoral component for total hip replacement. In this study, the expandable total hip replacement stem design was evaluated, specifically testing to determine if acrylic cement can be used in place of saline for permanent expansion, to observe the amount of stem subsidence after cyclic loading, and to document if stem expansion creates untoward stresses in the femur. The results included that the expandable femoral component could be expanded with cement if careful control of cement viscosity is used with a modified filling technique. Neither untoward hoop strains nor stem subsidence was found in tests with the cadaveric femurs. Bench testing has confirmed the stability of these stems. In addition, the substitution of cement for saline would make the construct permanent, avoiding the risk of deflation and loosening. The concept of an expandable femoral prosthesis is appealing and would have many potential clinical applications. The need for cemented stems or the more difficult and costly "Ling technique" could be avoided with their use in tumor surgery, hip fracture management, and total hip replacements associated with osteoporosis or a patulous femora in both primary and revision settings.     

髋关节置换术后假体周围感染的治疗

目的 探讨髋关节置换术后假体周围感染患者接受清创术、一期翻修术、二期翻修术及旷置术的临床效果.方法 1993年6月至2008年6月因髋关节置换术后假体周围感染接受手术治疗患者46例,男27例,女19例;年龄34～80岁,平均55.8岁.术前诊断感染的方法包括红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白检查,放射性核素扫描,窦道分泌物及关节穿刺液培养.行保留假体的清创术7例,一期翻修术14例,二期翻修术21例,旷置术4例.术后观察伤口外观,随访时采用Harris评分对髋关节功能进行评估,行实验室检查确定感染控制情况.结果 46例假体周围感染患者中29例培养结果 阳性,表皮葡萄球菌占感染病原体的首位(37.9%),其次为金黄色葡萄球菌(24.2%).35例获得随访,随访时间12～179个月,平均61.6个月.末次随访时Harris评分2～99分,平均76.5分.清创术后假体周围感染的控制率为16.7%,一期翻修术为54.5%,二期翻修术为93.3%,旷置术为100%.二期翻修术后假体周围骨折发生率13.3%,术后脱位率13.3%.11例感染复发,复发时间为感染治疗术后2～127个月,平均39.5个月.其中10例再次接受手术治疗,包括清创术1例、二期翻修术8例、旷置术1例.结论 清创术与一期翻修术的选择应严格把握适应证.二期翻修术感染控制率高,但有发生假体周围骨折和脱位的风险.表皮葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌足关节感染的主要病原菌.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折

目的: 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折的疗效与方法。方法: 回顾全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折患者 17例, 总结分析其手术入路的选择, 异位骨化组织、内固定物以及髋臼骨缺损的处理方法。结果: 17例病人中有14例得到随访, 平均随访时间为 3年 7个月 (1年 2个月~9年 8个月)。出现感染 1例, 脱位 1例, 无菌松动 2例。术后再次异位骨化者 2例, 其中 1例引起坐骨神经症状, 再次行神经松解术。所有随访病例, 髋关节功能均有改善,Harris评分由术前平均 51分, 提高到术后 89分。结论: 选择正确的手术入路, 适当处理异位骨化组织和内固定物,重建髋臼骨缺损, 是全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折成功的关键。     

髋关节置换术后假体周围感染的治疗

目的 探讨髋关节置换术后假体周围感染患者接受清创术、一期翻修术、二期翻修术及旷置术的临床效果.方法 1993年6月至2008年6月因髋关节置换术后假体周围感染接受手术治疗患者46例,男27例,女19例;年龄34～80岁,平均55.8岁.术前诊断感染的方法包括红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白检查,放射性核素扫描,窦道分泌物及关节穿刺液培养.行保留假体的清创术7例,一期翻修术14例,二期翻修术21例,旷置术4例.术后观察伤口外观,随访时采用Harris评分对髋关节功能进行评估,行实验室检查确定感染控制情况.结果 46例假体周围感染患者中29例培养结果 阳性,表皮葡萄球菌占感染病原体的首位(37.9%),其次为金黄色葡萄球菌(24.2%).35例获得随访,随访时间12～179个月,平均61.6个月.末次随访时Harris评分2～99分,平均76.5分.清创术后假体周围感染的控制率为16.7%,一期翻修术为54.5%,二期翻修术为93.3%,旷置术为100%.二期翻修术后假体周围骨折发生率13.3%,术后脱位率13.3%.11例感染复发,复发时间为感染治疗术后2～127个月,平均39.5个月.其中10例再次接受手术治疗,包括清创术1例、二期翻修术8例、旷置术1例.结论 清创术与一期翻修术的选择应严格把握适应证.二期翻修术感染控制率高,但有发生假体周围骨折和脱位的风险.表皮葡萄球菌及金黄色葡萄球菌足关节感染的主要病原菌.     

Treatment of infected total hip endoprostheses

In total hip arthroplasty the most serious complication besides aseptic loosening is infection. The results observed in 42 cases of infected hip arthroplasties are presented. In contrast to early superficial infection, deep infection following total hip replacement is difficult to treat. Depending on the general condition of the patient, a well-defined, adequate treatment is required. In patients at vital risk the provocation of a permanent fistula can be recommended as an alternative method in preference to revision arthroplasty.     

Resection arthroplasty following infected total hip replacement arthroplasty

Thirty-nine patients with 41 hips with resection arthroplasty for infected total hip replacement arthroplasty were evaluated for functional level and factors that contribute to that level. Eighty-three percent were either minimal community ambulators or nonambulators, and only two patients walked without assistive devices. At last follow-up, 93% of the patients had pain in their hips. The best function was obtained in patients with a healed wound and heterotopic ossification. The worst functional result was in patients with chronic drainage. Fifteen of the patients with resection arthroplasties had foot-switch studies to determine gait velocity and single-limb stance time. Ten patients also had oxygen consumption studies performed. The average gait velocity was 35 m/minute (41% of normal). The average oxygen consumption was 0.41 ml/gm (264% normal) with an average heart rate of 121. The energy consumption was greater than that recorded in patients with above-knee amputation.     

人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床分析

目的探讨应用人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法对中山二院骨科2000年9月-2005年9月50例老年股骨粗隆间骨折实行人工全髋关节置换术进行回顾性分析。结果50例患者平均手术时间1．97小时、平均术中出血量267．6ml、术后扶双拐下床时间平均6．8d、平均住院时间20．8d。术后随访1～4年,假体松动1例,异位骨化5例,患髋Harris关节功能评分平均90．46分。结论只要严格掌握病例选择标准,股骨粗隆间骨折行人工全髋关节置换不失为一种良好的治疗方法。     

全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨全髋关节置换术治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的经验。方法 :从 1996年 9月～2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 14例 (2 0髋 )成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎患者 ,进行了全髋关节置换。其中双侧 10例 ,单侧 4例。病人全是女性 ,平均年龄 45岁 (3 5～ 67岁 )。双侧全髋置换 6例 ,单侧 8例。结果 :术后伤口均一期愈合 ,随访 6个月～ 6年 ,平均 4年 8个月 ;平均Harris评分由术前的 3 2 43分恢复到术后 1年的 90 15分。截止目前无 1例翻修。术后 6个月 ,患者均能下地行走 ,生活自理且恢复日常工作。结论 :全髋关节置换术是治疗成人先天性髋关节脱位伴骨性关节炎的有效方法 ,但手术难度较大。对于此类病人 ,充分理解全髋置换的复杂性和细致周密的治疗方案是成功的关键。     

Treatment of an old infection in a total hip replacement with an interim spacer prosthesis

Summary When treating a septic hip-joint prosthesis with bone loss of the proximal femur secondary to osteomyelitis, we implanted a specially designed prosthesis to act as a local antibiotic and spacer between the acetabulum and femur until the infection abated. Arthroplasty could then be carried out with no trouble and there was no recurrence of infection.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. G. Imhaeuser on his 77th birthday     

Impingement with total hip replacement

Impingement is a cause of poor outcomes of prosthetic hip arthroplasty; it can lead to instability, accelerated wear, and unexplained pain. Impingement is influenced by prosthetic design, component position, biomechanical factors, and patient variables. Evidence linking impingement to dislocation and accelerated wear comes from implant retrieval studies. Operative principles that maximize an impingement-free range of motion include correct combined acetabular and femoral anteversion and an optimal head-neck ratio. Operative techniques for preventing impingement include medialization of the cup to avoid component impingement and restoration of hip offset and length to avoid osseous impingement.     

全髋关节置换术后复发性脱位的治疗

[目的]探讨全髋关节置换术后假体复发性脱位的原因及治疗方法。[方法]自1999年7月～2007年1月，共收治全髋关节置换术后假体脱位病人47例，其中复发性脱位13例。对该13例病人做CT及X线检查，了解假体是否松动及假体位置，分析脱位原因。利用稳定实验判断假体稳定情况。根据稳定情况及患者意愿，分别采取手法复位、假体部件调整及翻修治疗。[结果]13例患者均有假体位置异常，11髋稳定实验显示有异常。8例保守治疗中，5例手法复位后未再出现假体脱位；3例手法复位后仍出现脱位，每年脱位1～2次，患者认为可以接受。5例手术治疗中，4例通过组件调整而显示稳定，其中2例采用加长股骨头；1例调整防脱位内衬位置并采用加长股骨头；1例采用防脱位内衬及加长股骨头治疗。1例经部分假体组件调整治疗仍不稳定，更换髋臼和股骨假体。随访6个月～5年，平均2．7年，均未再出现假体脱位。[结论]假体位置异常是全髋关节置换术后假体复发性脱位的主要原因，稳定实验显示有不稳定。治疗应根据脱位原因、关节稳定情况及患者意愿选择不同的治疗方法。     

Treatment of pulmonary embolism in total hip replacement

From 1962-73 7,959 total hip replacements were performed by a standardized technique at Wrightington Hospital with 628 (7.89%) non-fatal emboli. Of 603 available for study the effect of different forms of anticoagulant therapy were compared with no therapy. The various antithromboembolic regimens in 295 cases had recurrent emboli in 13 per cent, while without anticoagulant therapy in 308 there were only 3.2 per cent recurrent pulmonary emboli.