脊髓法猴体神经毒力试验对恒河猴肠道菌群的影响研究

目的 探讨脊髓注射法猴体神经毒力试验对肠道菌群的影响。方法 用Ⅲ型脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗进行脊髓法猴体神经毒力试验,收集3只神经毒力试验恒河猴及3只健康恒河猴粪便样本,提取细菌总DNA,采用新一代高通量测序技术对16S rRNA基因的V3~V4高变区测序并进行物种分类、丰度及多样性分析。结果 神经毒力试验对动物脊髓造成不同程度的病理损伤;试验组粪便微生物多样性降低,门水平上两组菌群无差异,优势菌群主要为硬壁菌门、变形菌门及拟杆菌门,占比总和超过95%;属水平上有普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）、芽殖菌属（Gemmiger）等11种菌属存在显著差异（P<0.05）。结论 脊髓注射法猴体神经毒力试验对动物造成脊髓损伤并引起粪便内乳酸菌属（Lactobacillus）、普雷沃菌属（Prevotella）及芽殖菌属（Gemmiger）等菌属组成变化,为建立非人灵长类动物脊髓损伤模型提供理论依据。     

支气管肺发育不良模型小鼠青春期肺部菌群特点

目的：探究支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD）模型小鼠青春期肺部菌群特点。方法：32 只 C57BL/6J 新生小鼠，分为空气雌性组、空气雄性组、高氧雌性组、高氧雄性组，每组8只。高氧组小鼠生后即置于FiO₂>95%的环境中7 d，空气组小鼠置于同室内空气（FiO₂=21％）环境；之后所有小鼠室内空气环境下饲养直至6周。苏木精-伊红（hema- toxylin-eosin，HE）染色法观察小鼠肺组织病理变化；16S rDNA测序分析肺组织菌群特点。结果：BPD模型小鼠青春期肺组织肺泡化程度降低（P<0.01），双因素方差分析显示性别对小鼠辐射状肺泡计数（radial alveolar count，RAC）变化无显著差异（F= 2.001，P＞0.05）。Anosim相似性分析结果显示空气组和高氧组雄性小鼠肺部菌群差异有统计学意义（r=0.906，P=0.03），雌性小鼠菌群差异无统计学意义（r=-0.094，P=0.722）。Alpha多样性结果显示高氧组和空气组的肺部菌群物种丰富度无统计学差异（P＞0.05），Beta多样性分析中，PCoA图显示4组肺部菌群存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。LEfSe分析结果显示，高氧组棒状杆菌属（Corynebacterium）丰度下降，葡萄球菌种（Staphylococcus）升高。结论：BPD模型小鼠青春期肺部微生物群失调，棒状杆菌属 （Corynebacterium）丰度下降，葡萄球菌种（Staphylococcus）升高，并且菌群失调可能与性别相关。     

亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮对抑郁小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的：　探究亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮对雄性和雌性抑郁样小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法：　SPF级健康雄性和雌性C57BL/6小鼠各20只,随机分为8组（n=5）：雌性对照组（FC组）,雌性氯胺酮组（FCK组）,雌性抑郁组（FD组）和雌性抑郁+氯胺酮组（FDK组）;雄性对照组（MC组）,雄性氯胺酮组（MCK组）,雄性抑郁组（MD组）和雄性抑郁+氯胺酮组（MDK组）。FCK组和MCK组经尾静脉注射质量分数为10 mg/kg的氯胺酮,FC组和MC组经尾静脉注射等量生理盐水;FD组、FDK组、MD组和MDK组采用慢性不可预知温和应激（chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS）造模,造模后FDK组和MDK组分别经尾静脉注射10 mg/kg氯胺酮,FD组和MD组注射等量生理盐水。采用强迫游泳实验、糖水偏好实验和旷场试验评价小鼠抑郁行为变化,接着采集不同组别小鼠粪便进行粪便微生物16S rDNA序列定性分析及功能预测分析。采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）不考虑性别时各组肠道菌群的变化,采用双因素方差分析（two-way ANOVA）性别因素和氯胺酮处理对肠道菌群的影响,必要时进一步采用Tukey校正的多重比较对实验结果进行后检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：　分别与不同性别的对照组比较,使用CUMS方法处理小鼠后,强迫游泳不动时间明显延长（P<0.05）,糖水偏好度明显下降（P<0.05）,旷场试验水平运动得分和垂直运动得分明显减少（P<0.05）。经亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮处理后,行为学检测结果表明小鼠均有不同程度的改善（P<0.05）。物种组成分析结果显示,在经过CUMS造模处理后,各组小鼠肠道菌群多样性和丰度未发生明显改变。物种差异分析发现,亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮可以改善抑郁小鼠放线菌的降低程度,使肠道菌群的组成发生变化,并使雌性抑郁小鼠Bacteroidaceae相对丰度降低程度得到缓解,而雄性抑郁小鼠Alistipes相对丰度增加。结论：　不同性别小鼠对CUMS刺激和亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮处理表现出不同的肠道菌群变化。亚麻醉剂量氯胺酮可以改善抑郁小鼠放线菌的降低程度,并缓解雌性抑郁小鼠Bacteroidaceae相对丰度降低程度,增加雄性抑郁小鼠Alistipes相对丰度,进而改善小鼠的抑郁样行为。     

基于16SrDNA扩增子测序探究脱氧胆酸对肠型胃癌模型INS⁃GAS小鼠胃内菌群结构的影响

目的：探究次级胆汁酸脱氧胆酸(deoxycholic acid,DCA)对肠型胃癌模型INS-GAS小鼠胃内菌群结构的影响。方法：将10只8周龄雄性INS-GAS小鼠随机分为2组,每组5只,一组予以0.2% DCA饮水,另一组饮用生理盐水(normal saline, NS)溶剂。另有5只同窝雄性FVB/N野生型小鼠予以0.2% DCA饮水作为基因型对照组。3个月饮水干预结束后收集各组小鼠胃内容物行16S rDNA扩增子测序,进行胃内菌群相对丰度、α多样性指数、β多样性及差异物种分析。分离胃体和胃窦黏膜组织,qRT-PCR检测肠化标志物cdx2、klf5、vil1和muc2 mRNA表达。结果：与对照组小鼠相比,DCA改变了INS-GAS小鼠胃内优势菌种,属水平上相对丰度最高的菌种由乳杆菌科菌属(61.93%)变为未定义蓝藻细菌属(58.70%)。两组小鼠胃内菌群丰度及多样性均无显著差异(ACE指数P=0.213,Chao1指数P=0.280;Shannon指数P=0.391,Simpson指数P=0.205)。主成分分析发现两组小鼠胃内菌群结构差异度大,组间差异大于组内差异(R=0.368,P=0.032)。DCA饮水促进INS-GAS小鼠胃内蓝藻细菌在门、纲、目、科和属各个水平上显著增高,毛螺菌科Anaerostipes菌属以及两种蓝藻细菌属菌种Lolium perenne和Phaseolus vulgaris丰度也显著增高。此外,DCA饮水同样导致INS-GAS小鼠胃内厚壁菌门、杆菌纲和乳杆菌(目、科和属水平)丰度显著降低,罗伊氏乳杆菌丰度也显著降低。DCA饮水的INS-GAS小鼠胃体及胃窦部黏膜组织muc2 mRNA表达均显著高于NS饮水的INS-GAS小鼠(P均＜ 0.05)。此外,同为DCA饮水的INS-GAS小鼠胃内菌群丰度显著高于FVB/N小鼠(ACE指数P=0.022; Chao1指数P=0.028),两组小鼠组内差异大于组间差异,但尚无统计学意义(R=-0.056,P=0.647)。结论：DCA改变了INS-GAS 小鼠胃内菌群结构,主要为蓝藻细菌属和毛螺菌科Anaerostipes菌属相对丰度增高,乳杆菌属相对丰度降低,且促进了胃黏膜肠化标志物muc2表达。     

宫颈机能不全孕妇阴道微生物菌群特征及其与早产的相关性研究

目的 探讨宫颈机能不全孕妇阴道微生物菌群特征及其与早产的关系。方法 选取2017年1月—2022年1月电子科技大学医学院附属妇女儿童医院收治的249例宫颈机能不全孕妇作为研究组，另选取同期该院97例健康孕妇作为对照组。检测并比较两组孕妇孕晚期阴道微生物菌群。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析宫颈机能不全孕妇阴道微生物菌群特征与早产的关系。结果 研究组的厚壁菌门相对丰度低于对照组（P <0.05），研究组与对照组的放线菌门、拟杆菌门相对丰度比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。研究组的乳酸菌属相对丰度低于对照组（P <0.05），阴道加德纳菌属、普雷沃菌属相对丰度高于对照组（P <0.05）；研究组与对照组的奇异菌属、巨球型菌属相对丰度比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。研究组的卷曲乳酸菌、惰性乳酸菌、半格/格氏乳酸菌相对丰度低于对照组（P <0.05），加德纳菌相对丰度高于对照组（P <0.05）；研究组与对照组的阴道阿托普菌相对丰度比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示：阴道pH［O^R =5.414（95% CI：2.228，13.158）］、Chaol指数［O^R =7.745（95% CI：3.187，18.822）］、Shannon指数［O^R =7.523（95% CI：3.096，18.284）］、乳酸菌属相对丰度［O^R =6.495（95% CI：2.672，15.784）、卷曲乳酸菌相对丰度［O^R =6.841（95% CI：2.815，16.627）］、惰性乳酸菌相对丰度［O^R =5.430（95% CI：2.234，13.197）］是影响宫颈机能不全孕妇早产的独立因素（P <0.05）。结论 宫颈机能不全孕妇阴道微生物菌群失调，其阴道pH、Chaol指数、Shannon指数、乳酸菌属、卷曲乳酸菌、惰性乳酸菌与早产风险有关。     

杜仲方改善帕金森小鼠的肠道微环境

[目的] 基于肠-脑轴探讨杜仲方(DZF)对帕金森病(PD)小鼠症状的改善及对其肠道微环境的影响。[方法] 40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组(Control)、模型组(Model)、杜仲方低剂量组(DZF-10 g/kg)、杜仲方高剂量组(DZF-20 g/kg),每组10只。除对照组外,其余各组每3.5 d腹腔注射1次1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP,25 mg/kg),1 h后皮下注射1次丙磺舒(250 mg/kg),共注射10次,对照组注射等量生理盐水。造模开始后,治疗组每天灌胃给予杜仲方,持续至末次造模后1周。分别于第1、3、6周进行爬杆、转棒实验;实验结束后,处死小鼠并取脑,检测小鼠中脑多巴胺能神经元数量及酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)表达水平;取结肠组织,观察结肠组织病理及Occludin、MPO、CD13表达情况;无菌条件下取粪便,16sRNA测序检测小鼠肠道菌群结构变化。[结果] 杜仲方干预可明显改善PD小鼠的运动功能,缓解中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的减少,改善肠道屏障功能和肠道炎症。同时能调整肠道菌群多样性,升高拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度,降低厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度,降低厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门(F/B)比值。[结论] 杜仲方可以改善帕金森病小鼠的运动障碍及保护多巴胺能神经元,并且可以通过维持肠屏障功能,降低肠道炎症反应,改善肠道菌群结构影响肠道微环境。     

异槲皮苷对db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢及相关基因表达的影响

[目的] 研究异槲皮苷对自发性糖尿病小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢相关基因表达的调控作用。[方法] 8周龄雄性db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、异槲皮苷组，雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照组，药物干预4周后，检测小鼠体质量、空腹血糖（FBG）、总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、游离脂肪酸（FFA），肝质量和肝质量/体质量；肝组织苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肝细胞脂质蓄积；逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）基因表达。[结果] 与模型组比较，异槲皮苷组小鼠体质量、FBG、CHO、TG、FFA、肝质量、肝质量/体质量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）；苏木精-伊红（HE）染色肝细胞脂肪变性减轻，肝脏SREBP1c、FAS mRNA表达降低（P<0.05；P<0.01），PGC1α、PPARαmRNA表达显著升高（P<0.05）。[结论] 异槲皮苷可以改善db/db小鼠肝脏脂肪酸代谢紊乱，可能是通过下调肝脏SREBP1c、FASmRNA表达，上调肝脏PGC1α、PPARα表达实现的。     

桑辛素对D-半乳糖致小鼠老年性痴呆模型的保护作用及机制研究

[目的] 研究桑辛素对D-半乳糖致小鼠老年性痴呆的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。[方法] 采用皮下注射D-半乳糖100 mg/（kg·d）,连续8周,建立小鼠痴呆模型。桑辛低中高剂量组分别灌胃给药10、20、40 mg/（kg·d）,吡拉西坦组灌胃给药0.75 g/（kg·d）,空白对照组灌胃给予等量蒸馏水。给药8周后,利用Morris水迷宫检测各组小鼠学习记忆能力,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察脑组织海马齿状回结构的病理变化。检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）的含量;检测脑组织乙酰胆碱转移酶（ChAT）活性、乙酰胆碱（ACH）含量以及p53蛋白的表达。[结果] 与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠的逃避潜伏期明显延长,站台穿越次数明显减少（P<0.01）,脑海马齿状回神经元损伤严重,血清TNF-α和IL-1β的含量升高（P<0.01）,脑组织ChAT活性和ACH含量明显降低（P<0.01）,p53蛋白的表达量明显升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较,桑辛素给药组的逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P<0.05或P<0.01）,站台穿越次数明显增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）,脑海马神经元损伤明显改善,血清TNF-α和IL-1β的含量降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,脑组织ChAT活性和ACH含量明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,p53蛋白的表达量明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,呈剂量依赖性。吡拉西坦组上述指标也明显改善。[结论] 桑辛素对D-半乳糖致小鼠老年性痴呆具有较好的保护作用,其作用机制可能与减轻炎症、抑制凋亡和增加神经突触间的ACH含量和ChAT活性有关。     

老年性皮肤瘙痒症血虚风燥证动物模型构建及猪肤汤软膏的干预作用

基于“病证结合”理论,构建和评价老年性皮肤瘙痒症（SP）血虚风燥证小鼠模型。[方法] 研究以小鼠体质量为区组因素,采用随机区组设计,将72只C57BL/6小鼠随机分入空白组、模型组、地奈德乳膏组（阳性对照组）、猪肤汤软膏低浓度组、猪肤汤软膏中浓度组、猪肤汤软膏高浓度组,共6组,每组12只小鼠。采用先病后证的造模思路,除空白组外,其余5组采用D-半乳糖注射结合丙酮、乙醚混合液刺激法建立SP动物模型,再采用低铁饲料喂养结合物理刺激建立血虚风燥证模型。造模结束后,通过小鼠一般情况、表观指标、病理指标和生化指标来验证模型是否建立成功。[结果] 1）小鼠一般情况：造模前各组小鼠皮肤状况良好,眼神明亮,精神状况良好。与空白组相比,造模后其余各组小鼠出现烦躁不安、易激惹、大便干燥等现象（P<0.05）。2）表观指标评价：造模前各组小鼠搔抓行为和饮水量比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与空白组相比,造模后其余各组搔抓行为、饮水量均增加（P<0.05）。3）病理指标评价：干预后,与模型组相比,地奈德乳膏组（阳性对照组）、猪肤汤软膏低浓度组、猪肤汤软膏中浓度组、猪肤汤软膏高浓度组小鼠表皮厚度、皮肤肥大细胞计数均降低（P<0.05）。4）生化指标评价：干预后,与模型组相比,地奈德乳膏组（阳性对照组）、猪肤汤软膏低浓度组、猪肤汤软膏中浓度组、猪肤汤软膏高浓度组小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平降低（P<0.05）,白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、羟脯氨酸（Hyp）水平升高（P<0.05）。[结论] 研究采用先病后证的造模思路,通过D-半乳糖注射结合丙酮、乙醚混合液刺激,采用低铁饲料喂养及物理刺激成功建立了SP血虚风燥证动物模型,该模型稳定性较好,操作性相对较强,值得进一步应用。     

针刺对心肺复苏后家兔心肌ATP酶活性及SOD、MDA的影响

[目的]探讨针刺对心肺复苏后家兔心肌细胞三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。[方法]30只家兔随机分3组,假手术(Sham)组不进行窒息和复苏;常规复苏组心搏骤停后予常规心肺复苏术;针刺复苏组心搏骤停后予常规心肺复苏术并针刺人中、内关穴。所有动物于自主循环恢复后2h取心肌组织,测定ATP酶活性、SOD活性及MDA含量。[结论]与Sham组相比,针刺复苏组、常规复苏组心肌ATP酶活性降低(P<0.01);与常规复苏组相比,针刺复苏组ATP酶活性升高(P<0.05)。复苏后两组SOD活性均低于Sham组(P<0.01),MDA含量均高于Sham组(P<0.01);针刺复苏组SOD活性高于常规复苏组(P<0.05),而MDA含量低于常规复苏组(P<0.05)。[结论]针刺人中、内关穴可增加心肺复苏后心肌组织ATP酶活性,增加SOD活力,减少MDA生成。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.