金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴十二指肠梗阻47例

目的:探讨经内镜置入十二指肠金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的作用.方法:恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻病例47例.经内镜置入47个十二指肠自膨式金属支架,观察临床疗效.结果:47例病人十二指肠金属支架置入均成功,随访期间,病人术后均能正常进半流质事物,黄疸基本消退,疗效满意,本组未发生严重并发症发生.结论:内镜置入金属内支架是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻有很好的缓解作用.     

金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸伴十二指肠梗阻47例

目的:探讨经内镜置入十二指肠金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的作用.方法:恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻病例47例.经内镜置入47个十二指肠自膨式金属支架,观察临床疗效.结果:47例病人十二指肠金属支架置入均成功,随访期间,病人术后均能正常进半流质事物,黄疸基本消退,疗效满意,本组未发生严重并发症发生.结论:内镜置入金属内支架是一种简单、有效的治疗方法,对不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻有很好的缓解作用.     

高位恶性梗阻性黄疸胆道内支架置入治疗的临床应用

目的评价高位恶性梗阻性黄疸胆道内支架置入治疗的疗效及临床价值。方法42例高位恶性梗阻性黄疸病人分别行单侧／双侧穿刺入路，充分胆道内外引流后，置入支架。其中肝总管内置入单枚支架19例；双侧肝管穿刺，行左肝和右肝胆管同时置入支架11例；采用单侧肝管穿刺入路，于左-右肝管间和肝管-胆总管间均置入支架12例。共置入支架65枚，其中3枚为覆膜支架，其余均为自膨式裸支架。结果42例病人中，手术成功率达100％，其中2例病人分别于术后4个月和9个月发生支架内梗阻，行二次介入治疗；1例病人于胆道支架置入术后17个月发生十二指肠梗阻，再行十二指肠支架置入术；1例病人于围手术期因严重胆系感染而死亡．全部病人随访3～112周（平均49周），均获得满意的减黄效果。结论根据不同梗阻部位，采用多种胆道支架置入技术治疗高位恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种安全可靠、疗效确切的姑息性疗法。     

联合应用胆道支架与十二指肠支架植入术治疗恶性胆管梗阻合并十二指肠梗阻

目的评价联合应用胆道支架与十二指肠支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的疗效。方法 18例恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻患者接受双管腔内支架植入术,其中胰腺癌12例,胆管癌3例,十二指肠癌2例,腹腔淋巴结转移1例。14例患者首先出现胆管梗阻症状,然后出现十二指肠梗阻症状;4例患者同时表现为胆管及十二指肠梗阻症状。对所有患者均先行经皮肝穿刺植入胆管支架解决胆管梗阻,再经口植入十二指肠支架治疗十二指肠梗阻。结果 18例患者均成功植入胆道及肠道支架。所有患者血清总胆红素均明显下降,1例十二指肠支架植入后5天死于吸入性肺炎,未出现其他严重并发症。17例患者消化道梗阻症状缓解,生存期为3~17个月,中位生存期8.6个月。结论管腔内双支架植入术是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸合并十二指肠梗阻的有效治疗方法。     

再次经皮经肝胆道支架置入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的探讨再次经皮经肝置入胆道金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的可行性和疗效。方法 2012年6月~2016年3月,33例恶性梗阻性黄疸经皮经肝胆道支架置入术后再次出现梗阻性黄疸,在数字减影血管造影(DSA)下经皮经肝置入胆道金属支架,回顾性分析其临床资料。结果 31例成功再次置入支架,术后1周、1个月和3个月血丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)下降。截至2016年5月,支架梗阻10例(生存3例,死亡7例),支架通畅时间1~9个月,中位数7个月;支架通畅21例(生存8例,死亡13例),随访1~20个月,中位数6个月。生存11例,随访1~20个月,中位数8个月;死亡20例,生存1~11个月,中位数7个月。结论对于经皮经肝胆道支架置入术后再次出现梗阻性黄疸者,再次行胆道支架置入术可一定程度延长生存期,改善生活质量。     

自膨式胆道金属支架治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸临床研究

目的：观察经皮肝穿自膨式胆道金属支架置入术对恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效。方法：对125例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者进行回顾性分析,其中胰头癌50例,胆管癌35例,淋巴结转移癌20例,胆囊癌10例,壶腹癌10例,均采用经皮肝穿自膨式胆道金属支架置入术治疗。结果：技术成功率100%。125例患者,共放置140例支架,支架扩张良好,引流通畅,血清胆红素下降明显。术后死亡1例,腹水渗漏2例,胆道出血2例,胆管炎4例,胆道再阻塞5例。中位生存期190.2 d,术后存活3个月以上者88例,半年以上者52例,1年以上者13例,2年以上者4例。结论：自膨式胆道金属支架置入术是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸安全、有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

恶性胆道梗阻的经皮胆道介入治疗

目的　探讨如何改进恶性胆道梗阻的介入治疗。方法　对 35例确诊为恶性胆道梗阻的患者 ,先经皮肝穿刺胆道造影确定梗阻部位 ,再选择合适的胆管穿刺 ,置入导丝至十二指肠 ,经导丝放置引流管行胆道内外引流。其中 6例立即放置可膨式金属支架 ,8例 2周后放置。结果　 3例术后1个月后死亡 ,其余术后血胆红素、碱性磷酸酶和谷丙转氨酶较术前下降明显。随访 32例 ,6个月生存率占 5 6 %。结论　对于恶性梗阻性黄疸 ,经皮胆道介入治疗能延长生存时间 ,减轻痛苦 ,改善生活质量     

胆道支架介入治疗恶性胆道梗阻136例临床分析

目的探讨胆道支架(金属支架、塑料支架)介入治疗恶性胆道梗阻的应用价值。方法2005年8月～2008年5月,对136例不宜行手术治疗的恶性胆道梗阻患者,通过内镜途径或经皮经肝途径行胆道支架置入术。结果内镜成功128例,不成功的8例行经皮经肝穿刺。放置金属支架71例,塑料支架65例。放置胆道内支架1周后,血清总胆红素、ALT、AST均明显下降(P0.01),临床症状显著改善。71例放置胆道金属支架者中,11例术后2个月内支架阻塞,再次放置塑料支架后引流通畅;余60例支架通畅时间270～286d,平均275d。65例放置塑料内支架者中,9例术后1～4周支架移位和梗阻,重新置入塑料支架;余56例支架通畅时间110～128d,平均118d。经皮经肝途径术后发生胆汁性腹膜炎1例,经保守治疗治愈。其余病例无严重并发症。随访生存时间1.5～28个月,存活3个月以上者92例。结论胆道支架介入治疗恶性胆道梗阻疗效确切,适用于不宜手术者,对于解除晚期恶性胆道梗阻性黄疸、缓解症状、提高患者生存质量具有满意效果。估计生存期3个月者,宜选择金属支架;估计生存期3个月或经济条件不充许者,可选用塑料支架。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

为提高恶性梗阻性黄疸病人的生存质量和延长生存期 ,对 2 8例病人采用经皮胆道金属内支架植入术 ,并结合局部内照射或局部化疗 ,姑息性治疗不能手术的恶性梗阻性黄疸病人 ,取得了满意的疗效。本组 2 8例梗阻性黄疸病人 ,男 19例 ,女 9例 ,胆道金属支架均放置成功胆汁引流通畅 ,血清总胆红素降至正常。全部病人均未出现胆道大出血、支架移位等并发症。 2 1例随诊 6～ 12个月 ,生存半年以上的有 16例 ,占76 2 % ;1年以上有 10例 ,占 47 6 %。无 2周内死亡的病例 ,中位生存时间 9个月。经皮胆道内支架植入术结合放化疗 ,治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸 ,…     

经皮肝穿胆道内支架置入术在复发性胆道恶性梗阻中的应用

经皮肝穿胆道内支架置入术是复发性胆道恶性梗阻的一种有效的姑息性治疗手段。1999年4月至2003年3月间，我科对15例胆道恶性梗阻手术后复发再出现梗阻性黄疸病人，进行了PTCD术，对其中12例病人成功地放置了金属胆道内支架。为病人解除了胆道梗阻，取得了良好的效果。现报告如下。     

Clinical outcome of simultaneous self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction

Background: Previous studies have shown that self-expanding metal stents are an effective method for palliation of malignant biliary or duodenal obstruction. We present our experience with the use of simultaneous self-expandable metal stents for palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all patients undergoing simultaneous biliary and duodenal self-expandable metal stent placement between November 98 and May 2001. All the patients had documented evidence of biliary obstruction and symptomatic duodenal obstruction. The patients received endoscopic biliary stenting with biliary Ultraflex or Wallstents, and endoscopic duodenal stenting using enteral Wallstents. They were followed until their death. Results: We identified 18 patients (11 men and 7 women) whose mean age was 65 years, (range, 46–85 years). Malignancies included pancreatic 14 (78%), biliary 2 (11%), lymphoma 1 (5%), and metastatic 1 (5%) disorders. Ten patients previously had plastic biliary stents placed for past malignant biliary obstruction (4 patients had recurrent biliary obstruction). All the patients had evidence of duodenal obstruction. Combined metal stenting was successful in 17 patients. One procedure failed due to a tortuous duodenal stricture. All the patients had effective palliation of biliary obstruction, as evidenced by a decrease in the level of total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Of the 17 patients with successful duodenal stenting, 16 had a good clinical outcome, with relief of obstructive symptoms. No immediate stent-related complications were noted. During the follow-up period, 12 patients died of progression of the underlying malignancy. None of the deaths were stent related. Median survival time was 78 days. Two patients had recurrent biliary obstruction from tumor ingrowth at 45 and 68 days, respectively. Both underwent restenting: one by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the other by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Two other patients had recurrent duodenal obstruction, respectively, 36 and 45 days after the initial stenting. One obstruction was secondary to tumor ingrowth, and the other was caused by distal stent migration. Both patients had successful duodenal restenting. Conclusion: Combined self-expandable metal stenting for simultaneous palliation of malignant biliary and duodenal obstruction may provide a safe and less invasive alternative to surgical palliation with an acceptable clinical outcome. Simultaneous self-expandable metal stents should be considered as a treatment option for patients who are poor candidates for surgery.     

125I内照射联合金属内支架治疗恶性食管狭窄的临床研究

目的探讨125I粒子与内支架结合治疗食管恶性狭窄的可行性及相关疗效。方法本组16例食管恶性狭窄的患者,临床分级为3~4期,在X线透视下经口腔将125I粒子联合内支架植入到患者食管内狭窄段进行治疗,术后随访并发症及疗效。结果16例患者125I粒子联合内支架植入均顺利释放,释放过程中未出现放射粒子脱落现象;所有患者术后吞咽困难症状消除或明显缓解,无明显并发症。结论125I内照射联合金属内支架治疗食管恶性狭窄,是一种安全、可行和有效的方法。     

内支架治疗结直肠癌急性梗阻

目的 探讨结直肠癌急性梗阻的金属内支架治疗的效果和安全性。方法 对2000年5月～2003年6月收治的结直肠癌急性梗阻15例进行临时性或姑息性内支架治疗，并观察梗阻缓解情况和并发症。结果 15例中12例(80．0％)内支架放置成功，全组无死亡发生，24h内临床梗阻缓解率100％(12／12)。并发支架移位和肛门疼痛各1例。8例经过肠道准备和全身支持治疗后行根治性手术；4例内支架置放系永久性姑息性治疗。结论 内支架治疗对左半结肠或直肠急性癌性梗阻是一种安全有效的临时性或永久性姑息性治疗手段，可免除急诊结肠造瘘术。     

Self-expanding esophageal metallic stents in the treatment of esophageal obstruction

Esophageal obstruction from any cause is debilitating. In patients with malignant obstruction palliation to relieve pain and dysphagia is the primary goal. Conventional endoluminal prostheses allow variable palliation. Covered expandable metallic stents with an 18-mm lumen allow improved deglutition. From December 1994 through December 1998, 59 patients underwent placement of self-expanding silicone-covered esophageal stents for esophageal obstruction. There were 36 men and 23 women ranging in age from 41 to 94. All patients underwent esophageal dilation using a flexible gastroscope and Savary bougies. After dilation placement of the stent was performed under fluoroscopic control. Follow-up was complete in all patients. Technical success was achieved in all patients. There was one postoperative death (bronchopulmonary fistula), one migration of the stent requiring removal, and one recurrent obstruction. The remaining stents were well tolerated even in the cervical region (four patients). All patients returned to a diet of solid foods. We conclude that covered self-expanding esophageal metallic stents are technically simple and safe to insert and appear to provide durable excellent palliation of esophageal obstruction due to either benign or malignant conditions.     

Management of acute malignant large-bowel obstruction with self-expanding metal stent

Background Colorectal stents are being used for palliation and as a “bridge to surgery” in obstructing colorectal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as the initial interventional approach in the management of acute malignant large bowel obstruction. Methods Between February 2002 and May 2006, 67 patients underwent the insertion of a SEMS for an obstructing malignant lesion of the left-sided colon or rectum. Results In 55 patients, the stents were placed for palliation, whereas in 12 they were placed as a bridge to surgery. Stent placement was technically successful in 92.5% (n = 62), with a clinical success rate of 88% (n = 59). Two perforations that occurred during stent placement we retreated by an emergency Hartmann operation. In intention-to-treat by stent, the peri-interventional mortality was 6% (4/67). Stent migration was reported in 3 cases (5%), and stent obstruction occurred in 8 cases (13.5%). Of the nine patients with stents successfully placed as a bridge to surgery, all underwent elective single-stage operations with no death or anastomotic complication. Conclusions Stent insertion provided an effective outcome in patients with malignant colonic obstruction as a palliative and preoperative therapy.     

Internal Stenting in Malignant Biliary Obstruction

Internal stenting in inoperable malignant biliary obstruction plays an important role in patient management. Surgical bypass may still be undertaken where there is also duodenal obstruction, though the need for gastroenterostomy may be reduced with the increasing use of metallic stents for the relief of malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Stents may be placed endoscopically or percutaneously, though in most centers the endoscopic route is usually tried first, with the percutaneous route being reserved for endoscopic failures. Plastic and self-expanding metallic biliary stents are available, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In general, longer periods of patency are observed with metallic stents, though they are more expensive. Plastic stents can be changed endoscopically relatively easily when they have blocked, and in practice it is common for plastic stents to be inserted via this route for initial biliary drainage. If there is prolonged survival thereafter, many workers insert a metallic stent in an attempt to reduce the number of interventions required. If the percutaneous route is being employed, the histologic diagnosis has been confirmed, and the malignancy is inoperable, our practice is to use a self-expanding metallic stent, as the delivery system is relatively small and subsequent occlusion less likely.     

Unresectable Malignant Biliary Obstruction: Treatment by Self-Expandable Biliary Endoprostheses

The primary goal in the treatment of malignant obstruction is the relief of jaundice. Although operative biliary bypass is a reliable method of palliation, nonoperative palliation may be desirable in selected patients.We report our experience with forty-eight self expandable metallic biliary endoprostheses (Wallstent) percutaneously placed in 35 patients with irresectable malignant biliary obstruction. In twelve patients more than one stent was necessary to bridge the entire length of the biliary stenosis. The obstruction was due to primary tumors in 14 and to lymph node metastases in 12. In nine patients transanastomotic stents were placed after previous bilioenteric anastomosis because of malignant obstruction. Complications occurred in 11 patients (31.4%), and five patients died within 30 days of stent placement (14.3%). The mean stent patency to date of patients discharged is 6.1 months, and the mean survival 7.2 months. Follow up data is available for 29 patients, and excellent palliation was achieved for more than 75% of the survival time in 22 (76%). Seven patients have had documented stent occlusion requiring further intervention (24%).In this selected group of patients, the results of percutaneous self-expandable stents are encouraging. However, our data does not support the initial reports of self-expandable endoprostheses that suggest an improved result compared to conventional plastic stents. A randomized study using either expandable stents as compared to operative biliary enteric bypass is necessary.     

经内镜放置自膨式不带膜金属支架治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的疗效观察

目的　观察经内镜放置不带膜自膨式金属支架治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的效果。方法　对我院收治的晚期恶性肿瘤伴阻塞性黄疸且无法切除的 16例患者采用内镜置入不带膜自膨式金属支架治疗的结果进行回顾性分析。结果　 15例 (94 % )成功置入不带膜自膨式金属支架 ,内引流通畅 ,置入不带膜自膨式金属支架后 7d及14d复查肝功能和B超 ,总胆红素、直接胆红素、转氨酶均较治疗前明显降低 (P<0 .0 1) ,胆总管直径明显变细 (P<0 .0 1)。其中 6例 3周内恢复正常。早期并发症 (置入不带膜金属支架后 7d内 ) :1例出现轻度急性胰腺炎 ,1例出现急性胆管炎 ,经抗感染及对症治疗后好转。平均存活时间为 186 .93d(5 4～ 4 2 6d) ,平均支架引流有效期为15 6d(5 1～ 4 2 6d) ,有 3例 (2 0 % )发生支架堵塞。结论　经内镜放置不带膜自膨式金属支架是治疗胆管中下段恶性狭窄的较理想方法。