运动^99Tc^m—MIBI心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉病变的 …

目的　探讨定量分析运动99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌显像左室暂时性扩大诊断冠状动脉(简称冠脉)3支病变的价值。方法　76例拟诊冠心病患者,平均年龄(61±8.3)岁。间隔1个月内完成运动-静息99Tcm-MIBI心肌断层显像和冠脉造影检查。根据心肌短轴断层影像直径方向剖面曲线2个峰值点间的距离计算左心腔面积(LVD),以运动/静息LVD比值(LVDR)作为判断左心腔暂时性扩大的指标。结果　冠脉造影正常组、冠脉1支病变、2支病变和3支病变组LVDR平均值分别为1.01±0.05、1.02±0.05、1.05±0.04和1.13±0.06。76例拟诊冠心病患者中左室暂时性扩大者21例,其中,有冠脉3支病变者19例(90%)。LVDR值诊断冠脉3支病变的灵敏度和特异性分别为82%和94%,常规分析方法分别为50%和91%。其灵敏度显著高于常规分析方法(χ2=4.96,P<0.05),特异性差异无显著性(χ2=1.31,P>0.05),2种分析方法结合,灵敏度进一步提高,而特异性无显著下降。结论　定量分析运动99Tcm-MIBI心肌显像左心腔暂时性扩大可提高其诊断冠脉3支病变的灵敏度,不降低其特异性,LVDR值是诊断冠脉3支病变的1个新的有用指标。     

99 TcmN-NOEt门控心肌显像的临床应用

目的评价99Tcm-N-乙氧基,N-乙基氨荒酸钠(N-NOEt)门控心肌显像的临床应用价值,并与99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)进行比较.方法 20例受检者分为2组,组1左室射血分数(LVEF)≥50%,共13例,平均年龄(49.9±14.7)岁;组2LVEF<50%,共7例,平均年龄(50.9±12.9)岁.受检者静脉注射99TcmN-NOEt 925 MBq后分别于30和120 min行静息门控心肌断层显像,并计算心/肺(H/L)比值.组2 6例、组1 1例在3 d内行99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌显像,将每例受检者的左室心肌分为9个节段,以常规4分法进行打分.结果组1 30及120 min H/L比值分别为1.47±0.47和1.59±0.53(t=0.31, P>0.05),2次显像的LVEF、舒张末期容积(EDV)和收缩末期容积(ESV)差异无显著性(P>0.05).组2 30和120 min H/L比值分别为0.72±0.11和0.89±0.11(t=2.93, P<0.05),2次显像的LVEF,EDV和ESV间差异无显著性(P>0.05).2组间的H/L比值和LVEF、EDV、ESV差异有显著性.NOEt与MIBI所得LVEF,EDV和ESV值基本一致(P>0.05),但NOEt的不正常节段数(21个)较MIBI(17个)为多,两者的一致性为93.65%, Kappa±s=0.87±0.12,得分分别为2.00±0.84(MIBI)和2.38±0.84(NOEt)(t=1.39, P>0.05).结论①左心功能受损时, 肺摄取99TcmN-NOEt增多.②99TcmN-NOEt与99Tcm-MIBI所测得的LVEF,EDV和ESV基本一致.③99TcmN-NOEt测得的心肌放射性缺损的范围及程度较MIBI广泛而严重.     

99Tcm-MAA对完全旷置右心手术后肺血分布的定量研究

目的探讨完全旷置右心手术对肺血分布的影响.方法应用99Tcm-大颗粒聚合白蛋白肺灌注显像对14例改良心外管道全腔静脉肺动脉连接术(ETCPC)患者手术前后的肺血分布情况进行定量研究.结果术后右肺与左肺血流灌注量比值为1.16±0.16,高于术前的0.96±0.11(P<0.05).术后肺野上段血流灌注量明显降低,与术前相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05),下段血流灌注量增加(P<0.01),其上/下段比值为0.22±0.08,低于术前的0.44±0.09(P<0.01).结论改进的手术方法仍可保持右肺的相对优势灌注血流.其术后明显的坠积性肺淤血状态可能与远期肺动静脉瘘并发症发生率增加以及活动耐力受限有关.     

肺良恶性病变99Tcm-MIBI显像与肺癌DNA含量分析

目的探讨99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)诊断肺部良恶性病变的价值及肺癌摄取99Tcm-MIBI比值与癌细胞DNA含量的关系.方法 27例肺良性病变及46例肺恶性病变患者均行99Tcm-MIBI早期和延迟肺显像,并测定病变靶/非靶(T/NT)摄取比值(UR).对肺恶性病变组中的24例手术标本进行DNA含量测定,计算DNA含量指数(DI),并与术前99Tcm-MIBI UR进行相关分析.结果良性病变组延迟UR为1.13±0.19,肺癌组为1.45±0.21,两者比较P<0.01;延迟相目测观察及UR诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为91.3%,55.6%,78.1%和80.4%,62.9%,73.9%;正常支气管黏膜上皮(二倍体)细胞DI=0.68±0.21,肺腺瘤DI=0.51±0.27,肺癌组DI=1.43±0.33(与前两者比较,P均<0.01).肺癌组异倍体细胞出现率为83.3%.肺癌组DI与延迟UR的r为0.32.结论 99Tcm-MIBI不是理想的鉴别诊断肺部良恶性病变的显像剂;延迟相UR有可能间接反映癌细胞DNA含量.     

冠状动脉三支病变68例临床分析

目的分析冠状动脉三支病变的临床特点,为该类患者的治疗提供理论依据.方法回顾性对比分析经冠状动脉造影明确为冠脉三支病变的患者68例及冠脉单支或双支病变71例的临床资料.结果三支病变组患者与单双支病变组四种高危因素(高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、吸烟)及其聚集性未见显著性差异(P>0.05).三支病变组运动平板试验的阳性率(23/24)显著高于单双支病变组(26/42,P<0.01),两组侧支循环建立情况及左室造影的LVEF、LVEDP值比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001),三支病变组冠脉病变以IV级为主,发生Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级病变的处数较单双支病变组显著增多,三支病变组48/68例患者接受了介入治疗,但术后心绞痛发生率及需再次行血运重建比例较高.结论条件允许时,冠状动脉三支病变患者目前应首选冠脉搭桥手术(CABG)治疗.     

多巴酚丁胺负荷用于猪缺血心肌18F-FDG代谢显像的价值

目的 探讨多巴酚丁胺负荷情况下实验猪缺血心肌对18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)的摄取情况.方法 15头中华小型猪,于冠状动脉左前降支近中段放置动脉环,造成慢性冠状动脉狭窄.分别在静息和多巴酚丁胺负荷试验时,进行99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌灌注和18F-FDG心肌代谢SPECT显像.99Tcm-MIBI心肌血流灌注图像用17段4分法进行半定量分析,通过测量心肌短轴感兴趣区(ROI)放射性计数,对缺损的可逆程度进行定量分析.18F-FDG心肌代谢图像分析通过在原始投影数据上勾画ROI,计算心脏与肝脏的平均放射性比值(H/Li)、心脏与右肺尖的平均放射性比值(H/L).所有实验猪均行冠状动脉造影检查.结果 冠状动脉造影发现,所有实验猪的冠状动脉左前降支狭窄均大于50%.99Tcm-MIBI药物负荷和静息显像时的心肌血流灌注半定量评分分别为(9.5±8.3)和(8.3±8.4)分,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.05).缺损可逆程度比值为1.17±0.14.18F-FDG图像分析发现在静息情况下,H/Li比值为1.06±0.10,H/L比值为1.40±0.18;而在多巴酚丁胺负荷情况下,心脏对18F-FDG的摄取相对增加H/Li比值为1.25±0.15(P＜0.0001),与缺血可逆程度呈明显正相关(r=0.64,P=0.007),H/L比值为1.77±0.33(P=0.001),与缺血可逆程度呈明显正相关(r=0.51,P＜0.05).结论多巴酚丁胺负荷可使缺血心肌增加对18F-FDG的摄取.     

吸烟对运动心肌灌注显像201Tl肺摄取的影响

目的　探讨吸烟对健康人运动心肌灌注显像2 0 1 Tl肺摄取的影响。方法　 92例健康体格检查者 ,均行2 0 1 Tl运动 延迟心肌断层显像 ,取运动断层显像的前位显像计算肺 心比值。根据吸烟状态 ,分为吸烟组、非吸烟组和戒烟组。研究对象均无2 0 1 Tl心肌灌注缺损、左室肥厚和肺部疾病。结果　吸烟组 (0 4 0± 0 0 7,F =10 6 35 ,P <0 0 0 0 1)和戒烟组 (0 39± 0 0 7,F =10 6 35 ,P =0 0 1)的运动肺 心比值均较非吸烟组 (0 34± 0 0 5 )明显增高。吸烟组与戒烟组间差异无显著性 (P =0 6 74 )。吸烟组 (5年以上 )的运动肺 心比值与吸烟时间无显著相关性 (r=0 2 10 ,P =0 2 4 2 ) ,但与日吸烟量(10～ 4 0支 d)呈显著正相关 (r=0 4 5 5 ,P =0 0 0 8)。结论　吸烟者2 0 1 Tl肺 心比值较非吸烟者高。戒烟后也应考虑吸烟对2 0 1 Tl肺摄取的影响。     

明显强化孤立肺结节血流模式的临床价值

目的利用4层螺旋CT动态增强技术定量评价不同性质的明显强化孤立肺结节的血流模式并初步评价血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达阳性的孤立性肺腺癌血管生成与血流模式定量CT参数的相关性.方法 78例孤立明显强化肺结节(直径≤4 cm,68例恶性,10例活动性炎性),行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)动态增强(以4 ml/s的流率注入对比剂).记录孤立肺结节增强前后各时相的CT值并计算强化值、灌注值,结节-主动脉强化值比.灌注值等于时间-密度曲线最大斜率除以主动脉强化值.其中30例VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌患者用免疫组织化学测定微血管密度(MVD)并标定VEGF,评价肺腺癌血流模式定量CT参数(强化值、灌注值、结节-主动脉强化值比及平均通过时间)与MVD的相关性.结果恶性结节强化值(35.79±10.76) HU与活动性炎性结节(39.76±4.59) HU差异无显著意义 (t=1.148 , P=0.255).恶性结节的结节-主动脉强化值比(14.27±4.37)%及灌注值(3.02±0.96)ml-1·min-1·kg-1均低于活动性炎性结节(18.51±2.71)%,(6.34±4.39)ml-1·min-1·kg-1 (t=2.978,P=0.004;t=5.590,P<0.0001).VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌强化值(33.06±13.57)HU、结节-动脉强化值比(14.25±4.92)%及灌注值(2.97 ±0.56) ml-1·kg-1·min-1与MVD(70.15±20.03)条/视野,均呈正相关性(r=0.781, P<0.0001;r=0.688, P<0.0001;r=0.716, P<0.0001).平均通过时间(14.86±5.84)s与MVD无显著相关性(r=0.260, P=0.200).结论恶性与活动性炎性孤立肺结节血流模式不同,恶性结节通过结节-大动脉强化值比和灌注值可有效区别于活动性炎性结节,有助于两者鉴别诊断.肺腺癌强化值、结节-动脉强化值比及灌注值反映了VEGF表达阳性的肺腺癌的MVD.强化值、结节-动脉强化及灌注值可作为VEGF相关的肺腺癌血管生成的指标.     

不稳定型心绞痛经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与内科保守治疗的比较

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉(冠脉)介入(PCI)治疗与内科保守治疗对不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者的疗效.方法 248例UAP患者,其中保守组123例,接受阿司匹林、肝素和抗心绞痛药物治疗;介入治疗组125例,除上述药物治疗外,于入院后平均4.4 d行PCI治疗,随访两组首次入院后1年内终点事件死亡、急性心肌梗死(AMI)、心绞痛复发和再入院等.结果介入组与保守组住院期死亡或AMI复合终点发生率无显著差异(分别为0.8%和1.6%,P>0.05),但介入组住院天数缩短,分别为(10.3±5.6)d和(14.6±10.7)d,(P<0.0.01);介入组较保守组1年的AMI发生率(分别为2.4%和8.9%,P<0.03)、病死率(分别为1.6%和6.5%,P<0.05)、死亡或AMI复合终点发生率(分别为4.0%和13.0%,P<0.02)、心绞痛复发率(分别为26.4%和48.7%,P<0.001)、CABG率(分别为1.6%和10.5%,P<0.01)、再入院率(分别为24.8%和45.5%,P<0.01)均显著降低.1年无发生死亡或AMI复合终点的生存率介入组显著高于保守组(分别为96.0%和86.9%,P<0.02).亚组分析显示,PCI降低UAP患者死亡或AMI复合终点发生率的人群主要是高危患者,如静息型心绞痛、TNT阳性、3支病变等.COX回归多因素分析表明高龄、3支病变、LAD病变、低LVEF、ST段压低、糖尿病、高血压是UAP患者死亡或AMI复合终点的独立预测因素.结论 UAP患者早期介入治疗联合术前、后抗血小板、抗缺血、抗凝等药物治疗能显著减少1年的心脏缺血事件发生率,提高生存率,受益人群主要为高危患者.     

常规MRI与31P MR波谱在骨及软组织肿块中的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨常规MRI与 31 P MR波谱(MRS)对骨及软组织肿块的鉴别诊断价值.方法在1.5 T场强下,对16例健康志愿者及35例骨及软组织肿块患者分别行常规MRI与 31 P MRS检查,测定波谱中各代谢产物的峰下面积,计算各代谢产物与β-三磷酸腺苷(β-ATP)的比值,以及根据无机磷(Pi)的化学位移相对于磷酸肌酸(PCr)的改变测定细胞内pH值.结果良恶性两组肿块在大小、信号均匀性、境界及对周围结构的侵犯等方面差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),其MRI特征有很大重叠性.对照组的磷酸单酯/β-三磷酸腺苷(PME/β-ATP)、磷酸二酯(PDE)/β-ATP、低能磷酸盐(LEP)/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、细胞内pH值分别为0.33±0.21、0.64±0.27、1.62±0.67、3.12±0.78、7.08±0.16,良性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、pH值分别为0.55±0.31、0.81±0.31、2.03±0.87、1.65±0.65、7.18±0.23,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、低能磷酸盐(LEP)/β-ATP、PCr/β-ATP、pH值分别为1.73±0.40、1.73±0.45、4.31±1.18、1.44±0.54、7.32±0.29.与对照组比较,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP(P<0.01)、PDE/β-ATP(P<0.01)、LEP/β-ATP(P<0.01)、细胞内pH值(P<0.05)升高,良性及恶性肿块组的PCr/β-ATP(P<0.01)均降低,差异均具有统计学意义.与对照组比较,良性肿块组PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP 、pH值均有所升高,但差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).与良性肿块组比较,恶性肿块组的PME/β-ATP、PDE/β-ATP、LEP/β-ATP升高,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);恶性肿块组的细胞内PH值较良性肿块组升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).以良性肿块的PME/β-ATP均值的1.8倍作为鉴别良恶性肿块的标准,则对肿块潜在恶性评估的敏感性为88.89%,特异性为94.12%.结论 31P MRS对骨及软组织肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值,是1种简单、无创、有效的补充检查手段.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.