Approach to a Child with Functional Abdominal Pain

Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) of childhood. Only a minority of patients with FAP seek medical attention, often presenting to the primary care physician while symptoms are still evolving. The bio-psychosocial model of treatment not only aims to alleviate the illness symptoms but also identifies and remedies the psychological comorbidities and social factors that contribute to illness behavior. Many patients with a mild illness can be managed in the primary care setting. However those with chronic, severe, frequently relapsing, and disabling illness usually are referred to a pediatric gastroenterologist. One of the reason for referral is to exclude organic disorders such as peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease which can present with chronic abdominal pain. Recent data suggest that psychological therapy is very effective in alleviating symptoms, a subset of patients may require dietary modification and medications as an adjunct to psychological treatment.     

Pupillary Reaction in Children with Recurrent Abdominal Pain

An investigation was carried out with 3 groups of children to compare pupillary reactions (as an index of autonomic function) in response to stress induced by the cold pressor test. It was found that normal pupillary reactions are modified in children who have recurrent abdominal pain without physical cause and also in children with behaviour problems. It is suggested that disturbances of autonomic function merit further investigation in psychosomatic and emotional disorders, both as a method of diagnosis and to help elucidate the underlying mechanisms whereby symptoms may be produced.     

儿童功能性腹痛

儿童功能性腹痛(FAP)在临床上常见,但因缺乏特异性诊断方法,目前对该疾病的认识仍较肤浅,为提高今后对该疾病的认识,现对FAP罗马Ⅲ诊断标准进行解读,并对该病可能发病机制的新认识和治疗方法进行讨论.     

小儿反复发作性腹痛病因分析

目的探讨反复发作性腹痛(RAP)小儿胃镜表现,并分析RAP胃肠病因。方法对313例RAP患儿,男145例,女168例行胃镜检查,并取胃窦黏膜活组织行病理检查及快速尿素酶检测。根据镜检结果判断上消化道疾病,胃黏膜炎症程度与Hp关系。结果胃镜下病变检出率99.68%,其中单纯慢性浅表性胃炎(CGS)118例,CGS伴胆汁返流56例,CGS伴十二指肠球炎44例,CGS伴十二指肠溃疡33例,Hp感染率分别为31.36%、25%、38.64%、60.61%。活动性胃炎与非活动性胃炎Hp感染率分别为92%、23.19%,两组比较有较显著性差异(P<0.0001);中度胃炎与轻度胃炎Hp感染率分别为76.47%、25.96%,两组比较非常显著性差异(P<0.0001)。结论上消化道疾病是小儿RAP的主要病因,Hp感染是引起RAP的重要原因。Hp感染者胃黏膜病理变化较非Hp感染者严重,Hp感染阴性而组织学改变为中度炎症活动性者,需随访排除Hp检查的假阴性。     

小儿急性腹痛诊断

急腹症一般指腹痛为主的外科情况，病理条件以局部性器质性病变为主的病种：就诊主诉包括突然发生的腹痛、呕吐、腹胀、排便排气异常。     

反复腹痛患儿幽门螺杆菌感染率变迁

目的探讨反复腹痛儿童幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染变迁规律。方法对1998年1月~2004年12月收集反复腹痛1676例患儿病例资料,男808例,女868例进行13C尿素呼吸试验(13C-UBT)检测Hp感染状况,探讨反复腹痛患儿Hp感染规律变迁。结果Hp感染儿童438例,感染率26.13%,其中2~5岁、5~10岁、10~14岁3组平均感染率分别为23.66%(84/355)、26.31%(286/1087)、29.06%(68/234)。1998~2004年每年平均感染率分别为29.33%(83/283)、28.90%(76/263)、25.76%(51/198)、26.01%(56/215)、25.81%(48/186)、24.45%(67/274)、22.18%(57/257)。结论1.反复腹痛儿童Hp感染率随年龄增加而增加;2.反复腹痛儿童Hp感染率呈逐年下降趋势。     

Malrotation in Children with Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Allergy and Psychosomatic Abdominal Pain

Three children with malrotation 4.5, 5 and 9 years old at operation are presented. Their preliminary diagnoses were gastrointestinal (GI) allergy, GI allergy with colon irritabile and psychosomatic abdominal pain. They were treated on an outpatient basis under these diagnoses for more than two years before their malrotations were discovered. In two children radiology did not demonstrate any signs of intestinal obstruction and in one of these children repeated radiological examinations were necessary for the diagnosis of malrotation. Operative findings were chronic volvulus with compromised blood flow and obstructive duodenal bands. The third child suffered acute strangulation ileus with gangrene of the intestines before diagnosis was made. We conclude that special consideration must be given to the possibility of malrotation when treating and radiologically investigating children with GI disturbances.     

Left Atrial Myxoma in a Child with Unique Presentation: Chest Pain

We present a 16-year-old girl who presented with chest pain. Given her obesity and positive family history, she was felt to have atherosclerotic heart disease. However, an echocardiogram showed an atrial myxoma, which prompted surgical excision. This case supports the routine use of echocardiography and widened differential diagnosis when presented with pediatric chest pain.     

再发性腹痛患儿幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原检测分析

目的　探讨儿童再发性腹痛与幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)的关系。方法　再发性腹痛 78例患儿分为学龄前组、学龄组 ,采用ELISA法测定粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原 (HpSA)。结果　再发性腹痛HpSA总阳性率 52 .2 % ,学龄前组阳性率 38.7% ,学龄组阳性率59.6 % ,两组比较差异显著性 ,性别、病程、症状比较差异无显著性。结论　儿童再发性腹痛与Hp感染关系密切 ,随年龄增长有上升趋势     

小儿再发性腹痛的基础与诊断思维

再发性腹痛指发生在3岁或3岁以上儿童的一种反复发作、病程＞3个月,发作次数＞3次的症状.分为功能性和器质性,器质性RAP是由各种病因所致的腹痛;功能性RAP指疾病的发作不能从组织结构及生化方面变化解释,但又客观存在.腹痛产生的结构基础包括受体、传导纤维与三级传导神经元;目前接受的内脏疼痛的调控机制是"阀门"学说.此外,功能性腹痛与遗传、环境、内脏高敏感有关.在腹痛的诊断程序中首先要根据病史、体格检查和必要的实验室检查,排除器质性疾病,但又要避免过多的不必要的检查.     

儿童再发性腹痛与气质特征的关系

目的 探讨儿童再发性腹痛(RAP)与儿童气质特征的关系.方法 选取60名非器质性RAP儿童作为RAP组,60名健康儿童作为健康对照组.RAP组为2004年8月-2007年7月本院腹痛专科门诊诊断并系统管理、符合RAP诊断标准且排除器质性疾病的8～12岁学龄儿童.采用中国学龄儿童气质量表(CSTS)对二组儿童进行气质测查,应用SPSS 13.0软件对结果 进行对比分析.结果 RAP组儿童气质类型分布为:平易型16.67%,中间近平易型11.67%,困难型13.33%,中间近困难型23.33%,发动缓慢型35.0%;健康对照组气质类型分布为:平易型33.33%,中间近平易型26.67%,困难型10.0%,中间近困难型16.67%,发动缓慢型13.33%.二组气质类型分布比较具有显著性差异(X2=33.45 P＜0.01).RAP组在节律性、适应性、心境、持久性气质维度得分显著低于健康对照组,均有显著性差异(Pa ＜0.05);而在活动水平、趋避性、反应强度、注意分散、反应阈5个维度得分与健康对照组儿童均无差异(Pa ＞0.05).结论 RAP与儿童气质有关,发动缓慢型气质类型儿童更易患RAP.对非器质性RAP儿童应采用心理治疗,帮助消除患儿的消极情绪,减少不良刺激;对发动缓慢型气质儿童应警惕非器质性RAP的发生.