护理管理者变革型领导行为与护理人员工作满意度的相关性研究

目的调查目前护理管理者变革型领导水平及护理人员工作满意度的现状,分析变革型领导对工作满意度的影响,并探索两者的相关性。方法采用问卷调查法对哈尔滨市一所三级甲等医院中的238名护理人员进行调查。结果护理管理者的变革型领导和护士的工作满意度都处于中等水平,两者之间呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论通过提高护理管理人员变革型领导的知识和技能,可以提高护理人员的工作满意度。     

Magnet hospital staff nurses describe clinical autonomy

BACKGROUND: Considerable and longstanding confusion abounds as to what is meant by the concept "autonomy." The 2 dimensions of autonomy-rooted in the clinical act and the autonomy of the discipline or profession-are used interchangeably and measured with the same tools. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to ascertain staff nurses' concept of autonomy, to empirically quantify nurse autonomy, and to determine the relationship between degree of autonomy and staff nurses' rankings of quality care on their units and their own job satisfaction. METHOD: Two hundred seventy-nine volunteer staff nurses from 14 magnet hospitals were interviewed individually with the open-ended question and request, "Can you practice autonomously? Give an example of a typical situation that illustrates that you practice autonomously," and with two 10-point rating scales on job satisfaction and quality of care given on their units. Responses were subjected to constant comparative and thematic analyses. On the basis of 3 themes-frequency, organizational sanction, and scope-a 5-category ranked autonomy scale was developed. These magnet hospital staff nurses restrict the concept of autonomy to the clinical act. There is a strong relationship between degree of autonomy as measured by the ranked scale and rankings of job satisfaction and quality of care. An unexpected finding was that 26% of these nurses working in magnet hospital reported situations of unsupported or no autonomy. DISCUSSION: This research is particularly meaningful for nurse managers and researchers. Nurse managers must empower nurses, provide support, provide opportunities for nurses to increase competence, and reward and sanction staff nurse autonomy. After further refinement, the ranked-category scale will be useful in studying the effect of educational efforts and organizational support on the development of clinical autonomy.     

Factors influencing job satisfaction of front line nurse managers: a systematic review

Aim The purpose of this study was to systematically review the research literature that examined the determinants of front line nurse managers’ job satisfaction. Background Front line managers are the vital link between senior management and clinical nurses. They influence organizational culture and outcomes for patients and staff so their job satisfaction and ultimately retention is of importance. Evaluations A review of research articles that examined the determinants of front line nurse managers’ job satisfaction was conducted. These managers supervise staff nurses and have direct responsibility for the management of a nursing unit or team in any type of healthcare facility. Fourteen studies were included in the final analysis. Key issues Evidence of significant positive relationships were found between span of control, organizational support, empowerment and the job satisfaction of front line nurse managers. Conclusion The review suggests that job satisfaction of front line managers may be improved by addressing span of control and workload, increasing organizational support from supervisors and empowering managers to participate in decision‐making. Implications for Nursing Management Healthcare organizations may enhance the recruitment, retention and sustainability of future nursing leadership by addressing the factors that influence job satisfaction of front line managers.     

The role of the specialist in community nursing: perceptions of specialist and district nurses.

We investigated the management of specialist nurses and how district and specialist nurses perceived themselves and each other, in terms of responsibility, autonomy, skills and training, communication, role conflicts and job satisfaction. All locality and neighbourhood nurse managers, all specialist nurses, and all district and community staff nurses in one Health Authority were interviewed and surveyed. There was little disagreement about the role of the specialist nurse. District nurses were largely positive about specialist nurses, but the area of "hands-on" care was difficult for both groups of nurses. Communication between district and specialist nurses needed to be improved. Both specialist nurses and their managers believed that specialists were inappropriately managed.     

The impact of organizational climate on nurse satisfaction. Management implications

The stresses and demands on nurses currently in practice and those who manage nursing environments are far greater than they were just a few years ago and will only escalate in the future. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of organizational climate dimensions on registered nurse job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 232 pediatric registered nurses who worked in all pediatric specialties. There was a statistically significant relationship between five climate dimensions and job satisfaction (p < .01-.001). Emphasis is placed on implications for nurse administrators and managers who can greatly impact the climate of the nursing unit and department. It is essential for nurse administrators and managers to plan and implement approaches that will meet the unique needs of their staff and institution in these particularly challenging times.     

The nature of leadership style in nursing management

The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of leadership styles used by nurse managers, and describe staff nurses' perceptions of leadership styles. Effective leadership among nurse managers has been associated with staff nurse job satisfaction and retention. Twenty staff nurses from two hospitals in Ghana responded to tape-recorded interview questions. Four themes emerged from inductive analysis of the data. Findings suggest that nurse managers employed intimidation and minimal consultation to control their employees. The study further indicated that nurse managers were perceived as 'figure-heads', who are weak and inarticulate at the level of policy planning and implementation. It was therefore concluded that staff nurses in the study site hospitals lack confidence, trust and satisfaction with the current style of leadership. Staff nurses preferred a more proactive, articulate and independent nursing leadership at the top level. It is recommended that effective leadership training be instituted for prospective nurse managers before appointments are made into management and administrative positions.     

Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: a review of recent literature

hayes b, bonner a & pryor j (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 804–814
Factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting: a review of recent literature Aim To explore and discuss from recent literature the common factors contributing to nurse job satisfaction in the acute hospital setting. Background Nursing dissatisfaction is linked to high rates of nurses leaving the profession, poor morale, poor patient outcomes and increased financial expenditure. Understanding factors that contribute to job satisfaction could increase nurse retention. Evaluation A literature search from January 2004 to March 2009 was conducted using the keywords nursing, (dis)satisfaction, job (dis)satisfaction to identify factors contributing to satisfaction for nurses working in acute hospital settings. Key issues This review identified 44 factors in three clusters (intra-, inter- and extra-personal). Job satisfaction for nurses in acute hospitals can be influenced by a combination of any or all of these factors. Important factors included coping strategies, autonomy, co-worker interaction, direct patient care, organizational policies, resource adequacy and educational opportunities. Conclusions Research suggests that job satisfaction is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. Collaboration between individual nurses, their managers and others is crucial to increase nursing satisfaction with their job. Implications for nursing management Recognition and regular reviewing by nurse managers of factors that contribute to job satisfaction for nurses working in acute care areas is pivotal to the retention of valued staff.     

Head nurses as middle managers

The relationship between head nurses and their staff nurses influences staff turnover rates and job satisfaction. In this article the author describes the measures taken by the management of Greater Southeast Community Hospital in response to an increasing turnover rate among staff RNs. In recognition of the head nurse role vis-d-vis attrition rates and job satisfaction, head nurses were upgraded to department head status and rigorous head nurse performance standards were developed. These standards required clinical expertise, managerial competence, and accountability. It is the author's contention that clinical practice and staff morale are directly related to a clearly defined head nurse role.     

护士离职意愿与心理契约破坏研究进展

护士离职意愿与心理契约破坏之间有着密切关系,为进一步了解和掌握目前护士心理契约破坏与离职意愿的相关情况.提高护士的满意度,降低护士的离职意愿,稳定和发展护士队伍.通过比较多篇文献关于护士离职相关因素分析护士离职原因,从护士的角度出发,对护士心理契约进行研究,找出心理契约破坏与离职意愿的关系.研究护士离职意愿相关因素是保证护士良好工作的必要条件.影响护士离职意愿的因素较多,但员工在心理契约得到有效兑现的情况下会表现出更高的工作满意度留职意愿和组织信任感,组织破坏心理契约则会给员工的工作态度及行为产生重大的负面影响.研究护士心理契约破坏与离职意愿的状况与相关影响因素有助于探索护理人员流失的原因和提高工作效率的方法,降低护理人员的离职意愿,提高护土队伍稳定性.     

Retention Priorities for the Intergenerational Nurse Workforce

TOPIC.  Retention of senior, Gen-X, and Millennial nurses is influenced by manager interactions and efforts to create a satisfying work experience.
PURPOSE.  The purpose of this project was a generational assessment of job satisfaction, work environment, and desired characteristics of managers in an effort to improve nurse retention.
SAMPLE AND METHODS.  Data from staff nurses at 22 southern hospitals collected by online survey included measures of job satisfaction and perceptions of safety, the Nurse Manager Desired Traits survey, and the Nursing Work Index-Revised.
FINDINGS.  The satisfaction with work environment scores for the whole group ( n =  1,773) were high. Subscale scores showed highest satisfaction with nurse/physician relationships; lowest was nurse control of practice. A specific satisfaction question showed the younger nurses were less satisfied than those over age 40. Nurse safety concerns were expressed by 40% of the sample. One third of Millennial nurses plan to leave their job within the next 2 years. Over two thirds plan to be gone within the next 5 years. Especially alarming is the fact that 61% of the nurse group stated they plan to leave their current jobs within 10 years.
RECOMMENDATIONS.  (a) Create model managers; (b) empower staff nurse councils; (c) stabilize staffing; (d) revamp incentives; and (e) focus on safety.     

Power sharing. A transformational strategy for nurse retention, effectiveness, and extra effort

Power sharing with staff nurses is an essential strategy for organizational transformation. The current competitive health care environment requires a powerful team of participants, including staff at all levels, to provide health care in mutual partnership. The challenges of today's competitive and global environment call for collegial relationships among nurse executive leadership, middle nurse managers, and staff nurses. Research has demonstrated that middle nurse managers maintain primary responsibility for staff nurse retention. A higher retention rate was reported among nurses who were very satisfied with their nurse managers. Nurses considered favorably nurse managers who value staff contributions, promote information sharing, and exert influence for a stable work environment. Furthermore, as staff nurse satisfaction increased, effectiveness and extra effort also increased when staff nurses perceived transformational leadership strategies. Strategies for power sharing include serving as role models and mentors, energizing staff, resisting attitudes of staff ownership, reducing staff nurse stress of leader presence, and information sharing and commendations at meetings.     

Shared values: impact on staff nurse job satisfaction and perceived productivity

A nationwide study on the impact of shared values on staff nurse job satisfaction and perceived productivity was done in 24 hospitals under different auspices, some of which were also Magnet Hospitals. Data were obtained from a 25% random sample of the staff nurse population (N = 2,336), 58% of the head nurse group, 65% of the clinical experts, and 66% of the top management. Staff nurses and clinical experts had more value congruence than did staff nurses and head nurses. A significant inverse correlation was found between value congruence and nurse job satisfaction and quality care. Explanations of the finding center on recent role changes for both staff nurses and head nurses, power differential, and evolving clarity of the staff nurse role. A serendipitious finding was that staff nurses reported fewer factors as important to their job satisfaction and perceived environment conducive to quality patient care than did other members of the nursing department. However, factors important to staff nurses were very important.     

某三级甲等医院护理人员病人安全态度调查分析

目的调查临床护理人员对病人安全态度的认知现状,为护理管理者了解护理人员的病人安全文化状况,保证病人安全提供参考。方法选取某三级甲等医院190名临床护理人员,采用中文修订版安全态度调查问卷(The China Version of Safety Attitude Questionnaire,C-SAQ)进行问卷调查。结果临床护理人员的病人安全态度认知水平较好,总分(4.24±1.00)分,处于中等偏上水平。不同科室护理人员在安全氛围、管理感知、工作满意度、工作条件维度及总体得分上,不同用工形式护理人员在工作满意度及压力感知维度上差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),男性团队合作维度得分低于女性,接受过安全相关培训护理人员工作条件及压力感知维度得分高于未接受过安全相关培训护理人员,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理管理者应改进管理方式和方法,关心员工工作条件,增强护士工作满意度,加强不同性别护理人员的团队合作,采取系统化安全教育增强护理安全意识。     

同事支持与护士工作满意度的相关性研究

目的明确同事支持与护士工作满意度的相关性。方法以浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院在职护士为研究对象,采用定量研究和定性研究相结合的方法,通过数字随机抽样对120名临床在职护士发放调查问卷及对60名访谈对象组织半结构式访谈,运用SPSS 11.5对量表结果进行统计分析以及借鉴扎根理论研究法对访谈内容进行内容分析。结果总体水平上的同事支持,包括护士长的支持和同事间的支持,都与总体护士职业满意度存在显著正相关性。同事支持与职业发展、管理者、工作本身和交际满意度有显著正相关性,与薪酬、奖励、福利和工作规程和同事满意度相关性甚微。结论建议通过构建良好的同事支持系统以提升护士职业满意度。     

深圳市三级医院临床护士工作满意度与离职倾向的关系研究

目的 探讨深圳市三级医院临床护士的工作满意度与离职倾向的关系及其影响因素.方法 采用问卷调查法,对深圳市3家非营利性三级综合性医院646名临床护士进行工作满意度和离职倾向的问卷调查.结果 内、外在满意度和总满意度与离职倾向的pearson相关系数r分别为-0.49、-0.57、-0.56(均P<0.01);不同工龄的临床护士工作满意度得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄、工龄和任职方式的临床护士离职倾向得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 临床护士的工作满意度与离职倾向呈显著负相关,即满意度越高,离职倾向越低;人口特征因素对临床护士的工作满意度和离职倾向分别有不同的影响.建议医院及护理管理者应结合护士的具体情况,采取多种激励手段相结合,从而有效地提高临床护士的工作满意度,降低离职率,稳定护理队伍.     

社区护士自我效能感和工作满意度的相关性分析

[目的]调查社区护士自我效能感及工作满意度,分析社区护士自我效能感和工作满意度现状及二者间的相关性.[方法]采用自我效能感量表和工作满意度量表对社区护士进行问卷调查.[结果]共调查社区护士146名;社区护士自我效能感低于常模（P＜0.01）,工作满意度中除＂与同事关系＂外均高于临床护士常模,自我效能感与工作满意度呈显著相关（P＜0.05）.[结论]社区护理管理者应高度重视对社区护士自我效能感的培养,唤起正性情绪,加强沟通技能的培养,以全面提高其工作满意度.     

Hospital RN job satisfaction and nurse unions

The objective of the study was to examine whether unionization is associated with job satisfaction among RNs in the United States using nationally representative surveys of RNs. Factors that predict job satisfaction for RNs in healthcare continue to be of great concern to nurse administrators and managers because job satisfaction remains an important aspect of nurse retention. In addition, the notion of having unions for RNs has also gained prominence on the national stage. The relationship between RN job satisfaction and having an RN union has rarely been studied, but in 2 studies, a paradox was found; hospitals with RN unions had higher job dissatisfaction but greater retention. This study will test the relationship between having an RN union and job satisfaction with data that are both more recent and nationally representative. We analyze the public-use data from the 2004 and 2008 National Sample Surveys of Registered Nurses. In both 2004 and 2008, union representation was negatively associated with job satisfaction, although this relationship was not statistically significant in 2008. Some nurse administrators and executives would not be surprised by this finding. However, although union nurses may express more dissatisfaction, they may also be more vocal and less fearful about voicing concerns. If managers can harness this ability of the nurses to be articulate and outspoken, working with unions and union nurses can be productive and satisfying.     

手术室护士工作满意度与医护同事支持的相关性

目的明确手术室护士工作满意度与医护同事支持的相关性。方法以温州市3所市级医院在职手术室护士为研究对象,采用定量和定性研究相结合的方法 ,按随机数字表法选取60名手术室在职护士发放调查问卷,并对其中30名调查对象进行半结构式访谈。结果总体水平上的同事支持,包括医生对护士的支持、护士长对护士的支持和护士间的支持,均与总体护士职业满意度呈正相关;同事支持与职业发展、管理者、工作本身和交际满意度呈正相关,与薪酬、奖励、福利和工作规程以及同事满意度无相关性。结论建议构建良好的医护同事支持系统,以提升护士职业满意度。     

The impact of team building on communication and job satisfaction of nursing staff.

A series of team-building activities were conducted on a medical-surgical unit and their impact on staff's communication and job satisfaction was examined. Forty-four unit personnel participated in the interventions. Staff communication and job satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention. The findings linked team-building activities with improved staff communication and job satisfaction. Team-building strategies assisted the nurse leader/manager to build an effective work team by strengthening communication and interpersonal relationships so that the staff could function as a more cohesive group. Staff development consultants can help nurse managers become more effective team leaders by identifying the necessary resources and by helping to plan and coordinate team-building strategies.