Endo-button系统弹性固定治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效观察

目的 观察分析Endo-button系统弹性重建踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析该院2019年1—9月收治的49例踝关节骨折伴下胫腓联合损伤患者,按照不同治疗方法 分为弹性固定组(20例,应用Endo-button系统重建下胫腓联合)和刚性固定组(29例,应用皮质骨加压螺钉固定下胫腓联合).采用...     

斜行拉力钉固定治疗下胫腓联合分离的疗效分析

目的探讨创伤性下胫腓联合分离的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析采用1～2枚斜行空心拉力螺钉固定远端胫、腓骨四层皮质的方法治疗下胫腓联合分离32例,其中不合并踝关节骨折9例,合并踝关节骨折18例,合并腓骨近端骨折5例。28例3个月左右拔除下胫腓联合螺钉,4例在合并之骨折愈合后拔除,未出现1例断钉。结果所有32例患者6～14个月随访均未再发下胫腓分离及断钉现象,优良率为93.75%。结论下胫腓联合分离通过斜行拉力钉固定胫、腓骨四层皮质修复是一种可靠方法,符合下胫腓联合负重力线,分散剪切应力,可减少断钉并促进踝关节早期的功能恢复。     

踝关节骨折切开复位内固定后下胫腓联合分离固定与未固定的临床比较

目的比较踝关节骨折切开复位内固定后下胫腓联合分离固定与未固定的临床效果。方法选取2014年1月至2015年1月我院收治的踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的82例患者,有42例患者予以踝关节切开复位内、下胫腓联合固定,命为观察组,另40例患者未进行下胫腓联合固定,命为对照组,对比两组患者的手术效果。结果术后观察组与对照组的下胫腓间隙和下胫腓重叠距离差异不显著,无统计学意义,P>0.05,术后1年随访,两组患者的Baird-Jackson踝关节功能评分和踝关节优良率无显著差异,两组相比,P>0.05。结论踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离患者下胫腓联合分离固定与未固定对患者的下胫腓间隙和下胫腓重叠距离及患者的踝关节功能影响差异不大,均具有良好的治疗效果。     

空心拉力螺钉内固定术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的临床体会

目的 探讨空心拉力螺钉内固定术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的临床疗效.方法 选择2009年1月至2010年12月就诊的踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离患者78例,均用空心拉力螺钉内固定术治疗,并观察疗效.结果 全部病例均获得随访,随访时间6 ～27个月,平均(14±5)个月.随访时根据Baird-Jackson评分系统评定疗效:优51例,良17例,可6例,差4例;优良率87.2％.结论 踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离治疗的关键是达到踝关节解剖复位,早期正确锻炼是成功的基础.     

手术治疗踝关节骨折并下胫腓联合分离23例疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离的临床疗效。方法选择我科2005年4月至2010年12月间我可收治的23例合并下胫腓分离的踝关节骨折患者,均采用切开复位内固定治疗。结果本组23例均获得随访,平均随访时间为14个月;根据Baird-Jackson踝关节评分标准,本组优13例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率82.6%;1例下胫腓联合固定患者发生断钉,无感染、创伤性骨性关节炎、关节不稳、骨不连及畸形愈合等并发症发生。结论采用手术治疗踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合分离可修复并稳定踝穴与距骨的解剖关系,不良反应少,可早期进行踝关节功能锻炼,疗效确切。     

踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离35例临床治疗分析

目的探索踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离的临床治疗分析,以供今后的临床工作参考。方法选择我院2009年5月至2012年5月收治的踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离患者35例,均进行切开复位,下胫腓联合采用拉力螺钉固定,术后用石膏外固定4~6周。术后随访1年,观察患者的临床疗效、并发症,并比较治疗前后患者情绪状态的变化。结果治疗后效果为优者18例、良15例、差2例,优良率为94.29%。随访期间发生感染2例、内固定螺钉断裂1例,并发症发生率为8.57%。与治疗前比较,患者SAS评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用内外固定法治疗踝关节骨折脱位合并下胫腓联合分离临床治疗效果较好,值得推广应用。     

伴下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的:分析了治疗伴下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折的手术方法。方法:在2004年1月~2005年12月对56例伴下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折患者行腓骨内固定或不固定,内踝内固定,三角韧带探查修复术。未固定下胫腓联合。结果:平均随访18个月。用Mazur[1]评分系统评估手术疗效,优49例,良7例。未见骨折不愈合、关节不稳及创伤性关节炎等并发症。结论:对伴下胫腓联合分离的踝关节骨折,除了要固定内、外踝,还需常规探查三角韧带有无损伤,若有损伤则予以修复。恢复了内、外侧所有结构的完整性后,就能真正恢复下胫腓联合及踝关节的正常生物力学环境和稳定性,这时即使不固定下胫腓联合,也可以获得下胫腓联合的稳定。固定内、外踝和下胫腓联合,而三角韧带的损伤不修复,虽然下胫腓韧带可以获得愈合,但三角韧带会愈合不佳、韧带松弛及功能不良,最终会导致创伤性关节炎。     

踝关节骨折并下胫腓关节分离的手术内固定方案分析

目的比较踝关节骨折并下胫腓关节分离2种手术内固定方法的疗效,探讨符合生物力学要求的最佳内固定方案。方法选取53例踝关节骨折并下胫腓关节分离患者采取钢板内固定骨折并拉力螺钉固定下胫腓骨关节分离,A组(31例)拉力螺钉穿透3层皮质骨,B组(22例)拉力螺钉穿透4层皮质骨。比较2组治疗效果及预后。结果 A组优良率为90.32%高于B组的63.64%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组均无明显感染者,无骨髓炎发生。A组断钉率为3.23%明显低于B组的22.73%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论踝关节骨折并下胫腓关节分离采用手术治疗时,选择钢板内固定骨折并采用拉力螺钉穿透下胫腓关节3层皮质骨可良好恢复胫腓骨关节关系,有利于术后功能恢复。     

三皮质下胫腓螺钉治疗下胫腓损伤疗效分析

目的 探讨三皮质下胫腓螺钉治疗下胫腓联合损伤的临床效果.方法 采用三皮质下胫腓螺钉治疗的合并踝关节骨折的下胫腓联合损伤患者33例作为观察组,另选择我院往期采用拉力螺钉治疗的合并踝关节骨折的下胫腓联合损伤患者35例作为对照组.对比2组手术耗费时间、患者术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、随访时间、踝关节残留疼痛.并根据手术后半年随访的患者恢复情况进行疗效判定.结果 2组患者手术指标术中出血量、手术时间、骨折愈合时间、随访时间等比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而观察组患者术后随访踝关节残留疼痛者明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者组的手术总优良率高达93.9%,对照组手术总优良率82.9%,观察组高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 三皮质下胫腓螺钉与拉力螺钉治疗下胫腓联合损伤均获得满意的疗效,但拉力螺钉相对皮质骨螺钉更容易产生踝关节的残留疼痛,皮质骨螺钉在临床上更具有优越性.     

应用“环”理论治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效分析

目的 探讨应用踝关节“环”理论治疗下胫腓联合损伤的疗效。方法 收集我院自2013年12月至2018年12月踝关节骨折合并下胫腓联合损伤患者,共90例,男60例,女30例,下胫腓螺钉固定组：采用下胫腓螺钉固定。后踝固定组：固定后踝,不行下胫腓螺钉固定。三角韧带修复组：修复三角韧带深层和浅层,不行下胫腓螺钉固定。比较三组患者术中时间、术后并发症,术后6个月时踝关节功能。踝关节功能依据美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Socicty,AOFAS)后足评分系统进行评分。结果 手术时间：下胫腓螺钉固定组手术时间（70.00±8.20）min;后踝固定组手术时间（90.00±9.50）min;三角韧带修复组手术时间（55.00±7.80）min。三组比较有统计学差异。并发症：下胫腓螺钉固定组总体术后并发症发生率较其他2组高,3组比较差异有统计学意义。功能评分：所有患者获得平均12个月随访。术后6个月3组疗效按踝关节功能AOFAS评分评定,3组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论 对于合并踝关节骨折的下胫腓损伤,根据“环”理论对进行治疗能达到很好的临床疗效。三种...     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.