南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素耐药性研究

目的 了解南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法 采用琼脂稀释法测定5种抗菌药物对120株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)；用改良碘定量法检测PPNG菌株。结果 淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素及头孢三嗪的耐药率分别为74．17％，76．67％，38．33％，1．67％，3．33％。检出16株(13．33％)PPNG菌株，15株(12．5％)TRNG菌株；同时对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药的菌株占31．67％。结论 头孢三嗪、大观霉素仍可作为南昌地区治疗淋病的首选用药．但淋球菌对青霉素、四环素及环丙沙星耐药率较高。     

2010-2015年扬州地区淋球菌耐药性和流行株质粒谱的研究

目的:检测扬州地区临床分离淋球菌的耐药性和质粒谱,为临床合理用药和质粒介导的耐药性动态改变提供参考。方法:2010-2015年临床分离191株淋球菌,采用纸片酸度法检测产β-内酰胺酶菌株（PPNG）。采用WHO推荐琼脂稀释法测定菌株对5种抗生素（头孢曲松、壮观霉素、环丙沙星、青霉素、四环素）的药物敏感性。用碱裂解法分析菌株的质粒谱。结果:191株对壮观霉素全部敏感;108株对头孢曲松敏感,占56.54%,中度敏感83株,占43.46%,无耐药;环丙沙星、四环素、青霉素耐药菌株分别为187株（97.90%）、163株（85.34%）、162株（84.82%）,PPNG 81株（42.41%）,质粒介导的四环素高度耐药株（TRNG）98株（51.31%）。146株（76.44%）检出质粒,7种质粒谱型。结论:壮观霉素可作为扬州地区淋病治疗首选用药,其次为头孢曲松,使用头孢曲松应随时观察其疗效。扬州地区淋球菌耐药性以质粒介导耐药为主,TRNG阳性率发生显著变化,建立当地淋球菌耐药流行簇的分子生物学档案,可为菌株的溯源提供流行病学依据。     

2006-2008年南昌地区淋球菌耐药检测结果分析

目的 分析2006-2008年南昌地区淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶(PPNG)淋球菌耐药现状.方法 采用琼脂稀释法测定133株淋球菌对5种抗生素的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);用改良碘定量法监测PPNG菌株.结果 淋球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、大观霉素和头孢三嗪的耐药率分别为72.2%、74.4%、49.6%、2.3%和3.8%,检出16株(12.0%)PPNG菌株,同时对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药的菌株占35.3%.结论 头孢三嗪和大观霉素可作为治疗淋病的首选药物.     

204株淋球菌对5种抗生素敏感性的监测

目的:监测阳江地区2012年度分离的淋球菌对5种常用抗生素的敏感性,分析耐药菌株的流行特点。方法:测定菌株对5种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),按世界卫生组织(WHO)西太区淋球菌耐药性监测统一标准判断敏感性。结果:204株淋球菌中检出产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)64株,占31.4%,质粒介导高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)72株,占35.3%;未发现对青霉素敏感率株,51株对四环素敏感(25.0%),环丙沙星中敏率为10.3%,本次未发现对大观霉素和头孢曲松耐药菌株。5种抗生素中青霉素、四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准。结论:作为阳江地区淋球菌治疗的首选药物为大观霉素和头孢曲松。     

佛山地区淋球菌流行株对抗生素敏感性测定

目的了解佛山地区2007年分离的淋球菌流行株对青霉素、四环素、大观霉素、头孢曲松和环丙沙星的耐药性及产β-内酰胺酶淋球菌(PPNG)和四环素高度耐药淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法采用琼脂稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),纸片酸度法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果98株淋球菌检出PPNG34株(34.7%),TRNG63株(64.3%)。青霉素、环丙沙星和四环素的耐药率分别为96.9%、96.9%和94.9%,未发现大观霉素及头孢曲松耐药株。青霉素﹑四环素和环丙沙星的MIC50及MIC90均已超过耐药标准,尤以青霉素为甚,其MIC50及MIC90均超过耐药标准的8倍和32倍。结论大观霉素及头孢曲松是治疗淋病的首选药物。     

2002年广州地区淋球菌对4种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的了解广州地区2002年淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪和环丙沙星4种抗生素对100株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果100株淋球菌检出PPNG 15株(15%)、TRNG 28株(28%),环丙沙星耐药率高达98%,高度耐药株(MIC≥16 mg/L)32株(32%),未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素的耐药菌株,但头孢三嗪的敏感性有所下降。结论目前广州地区流行的淋球菌菌珠耐药状况仍然严重,尤以环丙沙星为甚,但对壮观霉素和头孢三嗪仍较敏感。此外,有必要持续监测球菌的耐药性。     

2005年广州地区淋球菌对6种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的了解2005年广州地区淋球菌对6种抗生素的耐药性及PPNG和TRNG的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)以及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果110株淋球菌检出PPNG38株(34.5%)、TRNG56株(50.9%);环丙沙星的耐药率达96.4%,青霉素耐药率的达93.6%;头孢妥仑MIC50为0.125mg/L,MIC90为0.5mg/L。头孢曲松、壮观霉素没有发现耐药菌株,且抗菌活性最强。结论头孢曲松和壮观霉素在临床上是治疗淋病的首选药物,持续监测淋球菌的耐药性十分重要。     

233株淋球菌耐药性的监测与分析

目的 了解淋球菌对抗菌药物的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行情况.方法 用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及纸片酸度法测定β内酰胺酶.结果 233株淋球菌中检出PPNG阳性32株(13.73%),TRNG阳性147株(63.09%).菌株对头孢曲松和大观霉素均敏感,而对环丙沙星、四环素耐药率为98.28%、100%.结论 南宁地区淋球菌株的耐药性以环丙沙星、四环素最为严重,对大观霉素和头孢曲松有较高的敏感性,持续开展耐药监测十分必要.     

高度耐四环素淋球菌对常见抗生素敏感性的分析

目的:分析高度耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)分离株对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素敏感性的影响.方法:收集和分离2006~2009年来自南宁地区性病门诊患者的淋球菌297株,采用纸片酸度定量法测定β-内酰胺酶;琼脂稀释法测定大观霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松、四环素4种抗生素的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果:检出TRNG 185株(62.29%),其中,产青霉素酶38株(20.54%),明显高于非TRNG淋球菌,对环丙沙星出现高度耐药149株(80.54%),也明显高于非TRNG.所有的淋球菌分离菌株对头孢曲松和大观霉素均敏感,但TRNG菌株对头孢曲松低敏株为88株,明显高于非TRNG菌株;大观霉素MIC≥16 mg/L 范围,165株TRNG被抑制,被抑制株的比例也明显高于非TRNG.结论:淋球菌对四环素高度耐药性会降低其对青霉素、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和大观霉素的敏感程度.     

2002年广州地区淋球菌对4种抗生素耐药性结果分析

目的 了解广州地区2002年淋球菌对抗生素的耐药性及产青霉素酶淋球菌(PPNG)和高水平耐四环素淋球菌(TRNG)的流行状况。方法用琼脂稀释法测定四环素、壮观霉素、头孢三嗪和环丙沙星4种抗生素对100株淋球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及用纸片碘量法检测β-内酰胺酶。结果 100株淋球菌检出PPNG15株(15％)、TRNG28株(28％)，环丙沙星耐药率高达98％，高度耐药株(MIC≥16mg／L)32株(32％)，未发现对头孢三嗪、壮观霉素的耐药菌株，但头孢三嗪的敏感性有所下降。结论目前广州地区流行的淋球菌菌珠耐药状况仍然严重，尤以环丙沙星为甚,但对壮观霉素和头孢三嗪仍较敏感。此外，有必要持续监测球菌的耐药性。     

250株质粒介导的耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势分析

目的了解7年来广州地区质粒介导耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势。方法用琼脂稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MICs),筛选出质粒介导四环素耐药淋球菌(TRNG),以及用纸片碘量法测定质粒介导的产青霉素酶的淋球菌(PPNG)。结果846株淋球菌检出PPNG131株(15.5%)、TRNG184株(21.8%),7年来,PPNG、TRNG流行率经μ检验,P<0.01,有显著性差异。结论PPNG和TRNG流行率呈逐年上升趋势,持续监测质粒介导耐药淋球菌株的流行趋势是十分必要的。     

Epidemic plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from high-risk population in Bangladesh

Gonorrhoea still remains as one of the most common venereal diseases, causing a wide range of morbidity among the sexually active people. Characterization of the circulating strains of gonococcus containing epidemic plasmids is important to formulate control strategy. Keeping in mind the above consideration, a total of 495 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with known minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and antimicrobial susceptibility to penicillin and tetracycline were investigated for plasmid content of either PPNG (penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae) or TRNG (tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae) or both. Isolates of N. gonorrhoeae showing resistance to penicillin (penicillin MIC ≥ 2 μg/ml, n=255) and high-level tetracycline resistance (tetracycline MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml, n=396) were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The oligonucleotide primers developed to differentiate between three related, epidemic PPNG plasmids (Asia type, Africa type or Toronto/New Zealand type) were used to identify PPNG plasmids and the primers developed to distinguish between American and Dutch variants of Tet-M gene were used to identify TRNG plasmids. A total 169 (34.1%) of the N. gonorrhoeae isolates were found to carry PPNG plasmids and all of them were Africa type showing the amplified products of 3.1 kb. A total 382(77.2%) of the isolates were found positive for TRNG plasmids and almost all were Dutch type (377, 98.7%) with a few American type (5, 1.3%). Although the rate of plasmid infection of either PPNG or TRNG types were very high, because of the presence of only one variant, they are supposed to be endogenously acquired. Therefore, a control strategy, considering the sexual behaviour of the local high risk populations as well as the susceptibility pattern of the circulating N. gonorrhoeae-derived treatment regimen might suffice to control the disease in Bangladesh.     

男性淋病患者奈瑟球菌57株药敏分析

目的：了解男性淋病患者奈瑟球菌对抗生素的药敏情况。方法：纸片扩散法检测57株淋病奈瑟球菌对7种抗生素的药敏。用头孢硝噻吩纸片法检测产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）,以对四环素药敏纸片抑菌圈直径≤19 mm推测为高水平耐四环素淋病奈瑟球菌（TRNG）。结果：淋病奈瑟球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星敏感性分别为12.3%、17.5%、28.1%;对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药性分别为5.3%、3.5%、5.3%;无大观霉素耐药株。57株中检出14株PPNG菌株（24.6%）,16株（28.1%）疑为TRNG。结论：淋病奈瑟球菌对青霉素、四环素、环丙沙星耐药性严重,这些药物已不再适合用于淋病治疗;第三代头孢菌素和大观霉素仍是一线用药,但应重视中介株,否则导致严重耐药性。     

海南地区2011年四环素高度耐药淋球菌terM基因分型

目的了解海南地区四环素高度耐药淋球菌（TRNG）的分子流行病学情况。方法采用琼脂稀释法检测TRNG菌株,PCR方法对TRNG菌株鉴定并进行term基因分型;纸片酸度法测定产β-内酰胺酶菌株（PPNG）,PCR方法鉴定B-内酰胺酶质粒并行TEM-1基因分型。结果2011年检测101株淋球菌,检出TRNG54株（53．47％）,其中22株（40．74％）对四环素和青霉素耐药;tetM基因分型结果显示52株为荷兰型,有2株为美国型。22株对四环素和青霉素耐药株的TEM-1基因分型21株为亚洲型,1株非洲型且合并美国型;未见多伦多型、里约型。结论海南地区TRNG流行株以荷兰型tetM基因为主（96．30％）,美国型偶见。     

Prevalence of resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillin and three other antibiotics in a rural area in Kenya.

Of 90 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a rural area in Kenya, 44 (48.9%) produced beta-lactamase (penicillinase). Testing for susceptibility of 35 penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains to four antibiotics yielded the following results: 16 (45.7%) showed a decreased susceptibility to tetracycline; six (17.1%) showed resistance, probably plasmid mediated; 10 (28.6%) had intermediate susceptibility to gentamicin; one (2.9%) was resistant; and two (5.7%) isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. 16 (57.1%) of 28 non PPNG strains showed a decreased susceptibility to penicillin; 10 (35.7%) were resistant. Nine (32.1%) of 28 non-PPNG isolates showed intermediate susceptibility to tetracycline; one (3.6%) was resistant. Eight of non PPNG isolates (28.6%) showed decreased susceptibility to gentamicin. These results imply that penicillin and tetracycline should be abandoned as primary therapy. For the time being, thiamphenicol and spectinomycin seem to be good alternatives. The observation of cefotaxime resistance in N. gonorrhoeae in a rural area implies a warning concerning future possibilities for use of third generation cephalosporins.     

产青霉素酶淋病奈瑟菌的DNA检测

目的 了解产青霉素淋病奈瑟菌（PPNG）耐青霉素的分子机制。方法 收集常州地区50株淋病奈瑟菌，应用TEM基因通用引物套式聚合酶链反应（nPCR)和以TEM－1的3末端及与之相邻基因的5末端为靶基因的PPNG型特异引物nPCR两种方法进行配对检测。结果 TEM－1型的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、沙雷杆菌、不动杆菌经TEM通用引物nPCR扩增均能呈现535bp的目的条带，而经PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR扩增无任何条带出现。50株淋病奈瑟菌检测结果：TEM通用引物nPCR与PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR扩增结果一致，有32例呈阳性，阳性率均为64％。对31号菌株PPNG TEM－1基因型特异引物nPCR产物进行全自动DNA测序，测得的序列与NCBI已登录的3种质粒序列（gi 150362、gi 1777422、gi1777428)高度同源。结论 常州地区64％的淋病奈瑟菌为PPNG。由于PPNG TEM－1基因型特异的nPCR只能扩增含TEM基因的PPNG，因此本检测有望用于淋病患者病灶部标本的PPNG DNA流行病学研究和用药参考。     

Auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from localized and disseminated infections in Montreal.

A survey recently made in the United States on the regional distribution of auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae suggested that isolates from different geographic areas often differ in auxotype. A subsequent auxotyping study in Montreal of 901 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, 15 from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection, proved interesting in many regards. Gonococcal genetic medium, modified by the addition of other amino acids, was used. Most (93%) of the strains isolated from patients with localized infection belonged to one of the following three phenotypes: arginine-, hypoxanthine- and uracil-dependent (44%); prototrophic (33%); and proline-dependent (16%). Of the 15 strains responsible for disseminated infection 14 required arginine, hypoxanthine and uracil for growth.