单侧唇裂术后的鼻软骨解剖学研究

为探讨组织错位及组织发育不足与单侧唇裂鼻畸形的关系，对３８例伴有鼻畸形的单侧唇裂术后患者在鼻畸形修复术中的健患侧鼻翼软骨大小及相对位置进行观察和测量，发现均存在患侧鼻翼软骨错位，若伴有患侧鼻软骨发育不足则鼻畸形更加严重。说明患侧鼻软骨组织错位及发育不足是造成唇裂鼻畸形的局部因素。     

单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术的临床分析

目的：通过对单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复方法的研究和改进,探讨其理想的手术方式。方法：以61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,其中男性36例,女性25例,年龄分布范围3～34岁,平均年龄14.6岁。根据不同的鼻畸形程度进行鼻唇肌肉的解剖复位,鼻翼及鼻中隔软骨悬吊复位固定,以及肋软骨塑形后移植,纠正鼻翼和鼻小柱的畸形。结果：61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者术后外形均得到明显改善,移植肋软骨未发生明显吸收,患者局部伤愈合良好。结论：单侧完全性唇裂术后患者鼻畸形的手术治疗应注重强调个性化处理。针对鼻畸形的原因,从软组织及鼻翼和鼻中隔软骨等多方面进行矫正治疗,才能获得更为理想的整复效果。     

唇裂粘连术后局部组织解剖学研究

唇裂粘连术主要用于完全性唇裂患者上唇部裂开严重、前颌骨畸形的初期治疗。粘连术后应进行二期整复。本文对粘连术后局部唇组织进行显微解剖研究，为二期功能性再整复提供理论依据。1临床资料1．1材料选择已行粘连术后的单侧完全性唇裂30例，男性18例，女性12例。左侧唇裂17例，右侧唇裂13例。唇裂粘连术时的平均年龄为6个月。二期手术时按旋转推进法整复，将术中切除的粘连处唇组织标本留作研究。对照组取死婴唇组织左右各15块。1．2方法对切除的唇组织进行定点，作好垂直标记线。然后固定、脱水、浸蜡、包埋。对标本在冠状位上作切片，分…     

耳甲软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的临床研究

目的:探讨耳甲软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的临床效果.方法:切取小块耳甲软骨修整折叠后植入鼻小柱内,重建外鼻下端的鼻小柱支架结构,并在鼻小柱基部及患侧鼻翼外侧基部皮下及肌肉层之间进行悬吊,同时对鼻皱褶进行"Z"改形,纠正鼻小柱和鼻翼的畸形.将手术效果分为非常满意、满意、基本满意、不满意、非常不满意5 级,由患者本人、术者和另外3 位頜面外科医师共同评价,结果:各项评价指标的总体满意度均在90%以上.结论: 耳甲软骨移植修复单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形可以取得良好效果.     

硬三角软骨支架植入矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形

目的　探讨一种纠正唇裂术后鼻畸形的新术式。方法　在回顾单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术中各种软骨悬吊、移植等方法的基础上,创新性地提出了外鼻畸形的硬三角软骨支架的植入整复方法。结果　经15例临床病例的验证,该法可以较好地一次整复唇裂术后患侧鼻翼塌陷、鼻堤缺乏、鼻小柱偏斜等。结论　硬三角软骨支架植入能矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻翼塌陷畸形,术后短期效果满意。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复

单侧唇裂患者修复之后,常因术后遗鼻部畸形而再次要求手术治疗。鉴于目前对于鼻畸形的矫正方法很多,但尚无一种手术方法能得到满意的治疗效果。我们自1991年以来,依据产生鼻畸形解剖因素和唇裂鼻畸形主要特征,应用自体耳甲软骨游离移植行唇裂术后鼻畸形矫治53例,其中32例经0.5年～1年随诊效果良好。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形分类的研究

目的 建立单侧唇裂术后继发鼻咽形的分类方法。方法 观察５６例单侧唇裂术后患者外鼻石膏模型各标志点间距离,发现总结鼻畸形的特征;在术中观察鼻软骨间的相对位置关系。结果 将鼻畸形分成３度：Ⅰ度鼻畸形仅表现患侧鼻下１／３形态异常;Ⅱ主莅 健侧鼻下１／３形态受累;Ⅲ度伴鼻背偏斜。结论 此分类方法简单易行,可为临床修复鼻畸形选择手术方法提供依据。     

单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复

目的：观察单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形二期整复手术的效果。方法：选择自1997年3月－2001年2月在本科求医的单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形患者中的78例，全部采用鼻小柱基部的飞鸟形切口进路行鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术，进行鼻畸形的二期整复，结果：所有病例术后鼻外形有明显改善，鼻小柱居中，双侧鼻孔大小基本相等，鼻翼鼻底丰满，鼻尖高挺。结论：鼻小柱基部飞鸟形切口进路的患侧鼻翼软骨内侧脚上移悬吊术是单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形的二期整复有效的手术方法之一。     

自体鼻中隔软骨修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的临床研究

目的 探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形修复术中,用自体鼻中隔软骨重建鼻软骨性支架结构的可行性.方法 2010年1月至2011年10月北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科行鼻整形术的单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形患者41例.术中行横跨鼻小柱切口和双侧软骨下切口,内侧脚间切开,显露切取偏曲的鼻中隔软骨,以之为材料修复重建鼻支架结构,整复鼻外形和鼻中隔偏曲.术前术后摄取正侧位面像和头颅CT检查,评价鼻形态变化和鼻中隔偏曲情况.结果 41例单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形患者通过手术,鼻形态明显改善,术后主观评价手术前后分值平均为2.80;CT扫描显示鼻中隔偏曲程度30例(73％)矫治效果有效,11例(27％)矫治无效,即鼻中隔偏曲程度无改善.结论 以自体鼻中隔软骨为材料重建鼻软骨性支架结构可有效改善单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,并同期矫治鼻中隔软骨性偏曲.     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的Ⅱ期整复

材料与方法1.自 1998年 8月至今作者在门诊手术室对 32例单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形患者进行Ⅱ期整复 ,其中男 14例 ,女 18例。年龄 13～ 2 9岁 ,平均 16岁。 15例术前曾行齿槽裂植骨修复术 ,2例曾行双重牙列修复术。图 1　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切口　　图 2　经患侧鼻翼基底的类“Ｙ”型切口　　 2 .手术方法2 .1　双侧眶下神经阻滞麻醉及鼻部浸润麻醉。2 .2　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切开患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚 ,于鼻小柱与上唇皮肤交界处作一横切口 ,继沿鼻小柱两侧鼻孔内缘作隐蔽切口 ,健侧至鼻翼软骨内外侧脚交界处 ,患侧再向外延伸约 2～ 3…     

单侧唇腭裂外鼻软骨的外科解剖

为探讨单侧唇腭裂外鼻软骨的解剖异常与鼻畸形的关系，对６例单侧唇腭裂死婴的外鼻部进行解剖，发现患侧鼻翼软骨及鼻中隔软骨发生了组织错位，与鼻畸形的产生有明确的对应关系；统计学处理结果显示，健、患侧鼻翼软骨的大小差异无显著性。说明组织错位是单侧唇腭裂鼻畸形的病理解剖的基础之一。     

单侧重度唇裂鼻畸形整复的临床研究

目的:探讨单侧重度唇裂鼻畸形的整复方法。方法:对单侧重度唇裂患者,采用鼻内切口、整改畸形组织、调整定位、整复鼻外形,以达到一期修复鼻部畸形、关闭裂隙的目的。结果:唇裂伴鼻畸形整复手术85例,经13年随访,取得满意效果。结论:鼻内切口整改畸形组织是一种值得推荐的一期修复鼻部畸形关闭裂隙的手术方法。     

Treatment of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity

The lack of tip projection on the affected side of a unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity can be difficult to correct due to lack of adequate structural support. A new technique for the correction of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity is described. The key components of the technique involve the use of a dorsally angulated unilateral spreader graft on the cleft side and the use of an L-shaped septal graft to provide support to the cleft nasal tip.     

Reconstruction of bilateral cleft lip and nose deformity

Bilateral cleft lip and nose deformity can be divided into several types according to the extent of the cleft, protruding premaxilla, size of prolabium and nose deformity. Many repair techniques introduced in the literatures were not perfect because of the change of facial profile under the influence of facial growth.The author uses 1-stage cheiloplasty with nose correction for bilateral cleft lip and nose deformity. Early lip adhesion is used before definitive corrections in wide-cleft patients. The lateral mucosal flaps are used for the lining of alveolar cleft. The lateral orbicularis oris peripheralis flaps with the mucosa approximate in front of premaxilla with creation of a buccal alveolar sulcus and continuity of an orbicularis oris muscle. The lateral orbicularis marginalis muscle flaps with white skin roll and vermillion are used for reconstruction of the Cupid's bow. To enhance the median tubercle, prolabial vermilliomucosal flap is inserted into the gap between an approximated orbicularis peripheralis flap and an approximated orbicularis marginalis flap. Z-plasty of the vestibular ridge and the fixation of lower lateral cartilages to dissect through alar rim excision achieve columella lengthening and tip projection. Lip scar revision is rare, but secondary nose correction using triple V-Y flap is frequent.     

Secondary correction of bilateral cleft lip nose deformity

For correction of the bilateral cleft lip nasal deformity, a modified bilateral reverse U incision is used in combination with a short, forked flap; by using this combination, satisfactory lengthening of the columella, preserving the natural pout of the lip, can be obtained. We have applied this method to 12 cases undergoing secondary repair of bilateral cleft lip in the past 3 years, and the results of this treatment, along with representative photographs of some of our patients, are presented herein.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术矫正

目的 分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形产生机制,采用相应手术方法对不同年龄患者进行矫正治疗,探讨单侧唇裂鼻畸形手术效果的影响因素.方法 对患侧鼻翼软骨充分松解后与健侧鼻软骨缝合悬吊固定,在同侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶处采用"Z"成形术,在鼻小柱基部及患侧鼻翼外侧基部的皮下及肌层悬吊固定.纠正鼻翼塌陷、鼻尖过低、鼻小柱偏斜等畸形.结果 56例患者中,鼻翼塌陷矫正满意者占80%,基本满意占18%;鼻尖高度改善满意占78%,基本满意占18%;鼻孔形态对称性及宽度满意占46%,基本满意占44%.总体满意度为94.6%.结论 唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正时对患侧鼻翼软骨的充分松解游离是关键环节,患侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶不仅影响鼻部形态甚至通气功能,还可能使鼻畸形的表现更显突出,因而对鼻前庭黏膜皱褶的矫正也是十分重要的,尤其在矫正患侧鼻翼塌陷畸形方面有明显辅助作用.     

Upper lip asymmetry perception using three-dimensional anthropometry in patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity

Conventional anthropometry using photographs has been widely used, but it does not provide accurate length. For upper lip asymmetry analysis, three-dimensional photographic system (3D VECTRA; Canfield, Fairfield, NJ) was used to calculate the ratio of cleft-side and noncleft-side curvature lengths. Thirty patients with unilateral cleft lip were analyzed. Three-dimensional photographic system was used to calculate the length ratio of upper lip of cleft and noncleft sides. In addition, two-dimensional photographs were analyzed by 10 plastic surgeons, and upper lip asymmetry was scored using a visual analog scale (VAS). Pearson analysis was used to identify relations between the ratios and the VAS scores. Intrarater reliability for the VAS scores ranged from 0.653 to 0.925, and interrater reliability was 0.611. Pearson correlation coefficients for each ratio and the VAS score were 0.412 (P = 0.024) for cleft-side to noncleft-side curvature length ratio of Cupid’s bow, 0.250 (P = 0.182) for cleft-side to noncleft-side curvature length ratio from the commissure to the lowest point of the nasal ala, 0.214 (P = 0.018) for linear length ratio of Cupid’s bow, and 0.356 (P = 0.153) for linear length ratio from the commissure to the lowest point of the nasal ala. Analysis of upper lip asymmetry in unilateral cleft lip patients using the three-dimensional photographic system is more accurate than two-dimensional anthropometry. Horizontal curvature length ratio was the most strongly correlated with VAS score.