120例感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的总结120例感染性心内膜炎(IE)的围术期处理经验,探讨手术时机和方法。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学附属协和医院2006年1月至2011年4月120例感染性心内膜炎患者接受手术治疗的临床资料,男75例,女45例;年龄4～73(44±3)岁。以发热为主就诊36例,术前心功能不全54例,脑栓塞10例,血培养阳性20例,超声心动图证实心内有赘生物形成111例。所有患者均在体外循环下进行赘生物清除、心瓣膜置换术及原发心脏病矫正手术。术后继续使用抗生素治疗4～6周。结果全组患者术后住院时间14～60(20±6)d,无手术死亡。全组术后死亡5例;生存出院115例,出院患者随访3个月～4年,均恢复良好。术后发生并发症20例,再次手术患者2例。结论感染性心内膜炎应做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,并掌握好手术时机和原则,恰当的围手术期处理,可取得良好的效果。     

感染性心内膜炎外科治疗60例

１９８０年３月以来,我们手术治疗感染性心内膜炎６０例,无手术死亡,现总结治疗体会如下：临床资料６０例中男４１例,女１９例。年龄７～５０岁,平均３０岁。其中先天性心脏病１９例,包括室间隔缺损１３例,主动脉窦瘤３例（２例窦瘤破裂,１例伴主动脉瓣狭窄关闭不...     

感染性心内膜炎的诊断及外科治疗

目的　探讨感染性心内膜炎的临床特点、手术时机选择及围术期处理。　方法　回顾分析 2 8例感染性心内膜炎患者手术治疗的临床资料。病因为原发性心内膜炎 2 4例 ,人工心脏瓣膜感染性心内膜炎 4例。施行主动脉瓣置换术 2 0例 ,同期施行右冠状窦破裂自体心包修补和经主肺动脉缝闭未闭动脉导管各 2例 ;二尖瓣置换术 7例 ,其中4例行再次二尖瓣置换术 ;肺动脉瓣置换术 1例。　结果　术后早期死亡 2例 ,随访 2 6例 ,随访时间 3个月至 12年 ,1例术前合并肺部感染 ,术后 6个月因心内膜炎复发死亡 ,1例再次二尖瓣置换术后 2年出现瓣周漏。其余患者疗效良好。　结论　感染性心内膜炎早期诊断、正确选择手术时机、术中彻底清除病灶、合理矫正病变及良好的围术期处理是提高疗效的关键。     

感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的总结感染性心内膜炎(IE)外科治疗的临床经验。方法回顾性分析1998年6月至2005年12月收治的23例IE患者外科手术治疗的临床资料,其中先天性心脏病13例,风湿性心瓣膜病7例,原发性细菌性心内膜炎3例。术前16例行血液细菌培养,阳性7例。术前心功能分级(NYHA)级2例、级12例、级9例。行主动脉瓣置换术4例、二尖瓣置换术4例、主动脉瓣和二尖瓣双瓣膜置换术3例、主动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣置换术2例;单纯心内分流修补术8例,主动脉瓣置换加心内分流修补术2例。术后应用足量的敏感抗生素4～6周。结果术后第5d和9d分别死亡2例,其中1例因全身肢端和多器官栓塞、脑出血死亡,1例因心脏骤停死亡。术后20例患者心功能恢复至～级,治愈出院;1例心功能级患者好转出院。术后随访19例,随访时间6个月至7.5年,18例心功能～级,1例心功能级;发生主动脉瓣瓣周漏2例,其中1例于术后3年自愈,1例随访2.6年,无任何自觉症状,心功能级。结论IE经外科手术治疗能取得较好的治疗效果。     

感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的总结自身瓣膜感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗经验。方法 2000年1月至2008年6月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治感染性心内膜炎患者49例,男27例,女22例;年龄14~74岁,平均年龄44.2岁。基础疾病:先天性心脏病12例,包括室间隔缺损、右心室流出道狭窄、主动脉窦瘤和动脉导管未闭等;后天性心瓣膜病34例,包括风湿性二尖瓣病变、主动脉瓣病变和老年性心瓣膜退行性变等。不合并基础心脏疾病3例。所有患者均在低温体外循环下施行先天性心脏病矫治术和心瓣膜置换术;术中尽可能清除赘生物,对受侵犯的组织采用碘伏溶液多次擦洗,再用生理盐水彻底冲洗。术后给予抗生素治疗4~6周。结果围术期死亡2例(4.08%),1例因心力衰竭死亡,另1例因严重肺部感染死亡。术后2例患者持续发热,继续给予抗生素治疗2周后,体温渐趋平稳。随访35例(71.43%),随访时间4个月至6年,失访12例。1例室间隔缺损、三尖瓣赘生物患者手术后1个月再次发热,再次入院接受抗生素治疗后治愈。3例发生抗凝治疗并发症,出现牙龈或结膜出血、皮肤瘀斑、血尿、消化道出血,暂停抗凝治疗后好转。随访期间未见感染性心内膜炎复发。结论早期诊断、正确把握手术时机,药物与手术相结合是成功治疗感染性心内膜炎的关键。     

感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

1999年1月至2003年12月我院共收治15例感染性心内膜炎（IE）患者，经外科手术治疗，效果较好。     

60例感染性心内膜炎的临床诊断与外科治疗

目的总结感染性心内膜炎的临床诊断和外科治疗经验。方法回顾分析2000年1月～2006年8月在我院接受手术治疗的60例感染性心内膜炎患者的临床资料,其中男46例,女14例;年龄9～58岁,平均年龄34.3岁。术前血培养60例,阳性25例(41.7%),其中链球菌12例,葡萄球菌6例,其他细菌7例。超声心动图提示有心内膜赘生物或瓣膜穿孔42例,其中累及二尖瓣9例,主动脉瓣26例,二尖瓣主动脉瓣同时受累6例,三尖瓣1例。合并原发心脏疾病28例,其中先天性心脏病16例,风湿性心脏病9例,二尖瓣脱垂3例。对60例患者全程采用大剂量敏感抗生素治疗。择期手术55例,急诊手术5例。手术中清除所有感染灶,同期矫治心内畸形16例,行心瓣膜置换术41例,三尖瓣修复成形术1例。结果术后早期死亡3例。随访51例(89.5%),随访时间5～71个月,无心内膜炎复发,心功能恢复至级38例,级13例。结论早期诊断,掌握适当的手术时机,联合内科治疗和外科手术,可取得较好的治疗效果。     

先天性心脏病感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

先天性心脏病感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗姚培炎，朱洪生，周嘉自１９８７年６月至１９９４年１０月我们手术治疗先天性心脏病（先心病）感染性心内膜炎病人２２例，疗效良好，无手术死亡率，报道于下：临床资料本组２２例中男１３例，女９例。年龄７～５８岁，平均２８岁。...     

儿童感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的：总结儿童感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗经验，以期掌握好手术时机及指征，提高手术成功率。方法：28例儿童心内膜炎病人，7例因急性心力衰竭、栓塞或严重败血症急诊手术；21例经抗生素治疗体温正常后择期手术。彻底清除赘生物后，同时行主动脉瓣瓣膜置换5例，主动脉根部拓宽、主动脉瓣瓣膜置换2例，室间隔缺损（室缺）修补5例，室缺修补、右室流出道疏通2例，室缺和佛氏窦瘤修补2例，室缺修补、主动脉瓣瓣膜置换2例，动脉导管缝扎3例，动脉导管缝扎、主动脉瓣瓣膜置换1例，二尖瓣瓣膜置换3例，二尖瓣瓣膜置换、左冠前降支取栓并搭桥1例，法洛四联症矫正、Rastelli手术和1例。同期行三尖瓣成形6例、肺动脉瓣成形7例。结果：手术死亡1例（3．6％），死亡原因为术后霉菌性感染不能控制、多器官功能衰竭。术后平均随访2．6年，心内膜炎复发2例，无远期死亡。结论：儿童感染性心内膜炎手术治疗的远期效果满意，其手术时机及指征的掌握对治疗效果至关重要。     

感染性心内膜炎的诊断与治疗

目的总结感染性心内膜炎(IE)的诊断和外科治疗经验,以提高治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2007年7月我科收治的180例IE患者的临床资料,男122例,女58例;年龄5～68岁,平均年龄37.4岁。心脏基础疾病包括先天性心脏病52例(室间隔缺损25例、法洛四联症12例、动脉导管未闭9例、部分性心内膜垫缺损5例、房间隔缺损1例),风湿性心瓣膜病40例、二尖瓣脱垂12例。174例患者行手术治疗,同期行心瓣膜置换术84例,矫正合并的其他心血管畸形106例。结果围术期死亡11例,死于低心排血量综合征5例,败血症3例,急性肾功能不全1例,脑栓塞1例,其他原因1例。术后发生瓣周漏1例,未再次行手术治疗。随访150例(83.33%),随访时间5～124个月,随访期间148例患者复查彩色超声心动图,均未发现残余漏和心瓣膜功能障碍。随访期间有3例IE复发,其中二尖瓣置换术后、法洛四联症根治术后、室间隔缺损修补术后各1例,均经内科治疗治愈。140例(93.33%)患者的心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。结论对不明原因的长期发热患者应想到IE的可能,血培养和超声心动图检查有助于IE的诊断。     

感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的探讨感染性心内膜炎（IE）的外科手术治疗效果及围术期处理原则。方法回顾性分析2001年3月～2010年10月接受感染性心内膜炎手术治疗患者15例的临床资料。术前经超声心电图检查证实心内赘生物形成者15例。所有患者均经外科手术清除感染病灶及赘生物,并纠治瓣膜病变和心脏畸形,术前术后应用大剂量敏感抗生素。结果术后早期死亡1例（6.7%）,术后随访时间3～48月,随访14例（93.3%）,均无心内膜炎复发,心功能恢复I级12例,Ⅱ级2例。结论外科手术治疗感染性心内膜炎是一种有效的治疗方法。正确掌握手术时机,彻底清除感染病灶,恢复瓣膜功能以及围手术期应用有效抗生素是提高感染性心内膜炎治愈率的生要措施。     

61例感染性心内膜炎的诊断与治疗总结

目的 探讨感染性心内膜炎的诊断与外科治疗特点,分析外科治疗对术后短、中期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月～2008年4月期间61例感染性心内膜炎患者接受手术治疗的临床资料,总结外科治疗经验.结果 术后早期死亡4例(6.6%),术后随访6月～13年.出院患者死亡5例,其他生存患者中心功能Ⅱ级43例,Ⅲ级9例.结论 早期明确诊断、选择合适的手术时机及内、外科综合治疗是感染性心内膜炎成功治疗的关键.     

Successful surgical treatment for infective endocarditis during pregnancy

We herein describe the case of a 31-year-old woman. In the 27th week of pregnancy, the patient was hospitalized because of fever and a lumbar backache. In the 29th week of pregnancy, she developed embolic symptom in her left lower limb. A cardiac murmur was detected, and a significant regurgitation of the mitral valve, along with a mobile vegetation at the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, was detected by cardiac ultrasound examination, thus resulting in a diagnosis of infective endocarditis. At the time of diagnosis, the fetus was estimated to weigh 1400 g, and it was delivered by cesarian section, with a mitral valve repair being performed 4 days later. The mother did well and was discharged from the hospital after remission on the 30th hospital day. The infant was admitted to the NICU and was discharged from the hospital with good development and no complications at the age of 59 days, weighing 3066 g. Cardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation in pregnant women is rare, and it is believed to have a high mortality rate for both the mothers and fetuses. On the other hand, the survival rate of low birth weight infants has improved as a consequence of progress in neonatal care. We herein report a case of mitral valve repair in the second trimester with a good outcome for both the mother and the infant.     

感染性心内膜炎诊断和手术适应症的研究进展

感染性心内膜炎是一种严重威及生命的心血管疾病。早期明确诊断、早期手术治疗是治疗感染性心内膜炎的关键。适当的早期手术可以避免死亡和严重并发症,但手术的最佳时机仍不清楚。这需要临床工作者通过多学科合作来对早期手术的益处与风险进行权衡,以确保为患者提供早期手术的机会。目前,感染性心内膜炎早期手术治疗的主要适应症是:心力衰竭、不受控制的感染和预防栓塞。在这里,我们就感染性心内膜炎的诊断、抗菌治疗和手术治疗的适应症展开讨论。     

Pasteurella multocida endocarditis: report of a case

The present case involves a 48-year-old male patient who presented with Pasteurella multocida endocarditis associated with preexisting mitral valve stenosis. A mitral valve replacement was successfully performed after 3 weeks of intravenous infusion with antibiotics. Pasteurella multocida is a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Therefore, people who have frequent contact with these animals should be examined periodically for signs of infection. Received: July 9, 2001 / Accepted: November 20, 2001     

Mitral valve repair for infective endocarditis

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the feasibility of mitral valve (MV) repair in patients with active or healed infective endocarditis (IE) with mitral regurgitation and evaluated effects on left ventricular (LV) function and structure. METHODS: Subjects comprised 19 patients who underwent MV operations for IE between December 2004 and September 2007. MV repair was performed for acute IE in 10 of 15 patients (67%) and for healed IE in 4 of 4 patients (100%). RESULTS: No early or late postoperative deaths were encountered. One patient underwent redo MV repair owing to severe mitral regurgitation 1 month postoperatively. Postoperative echocardiography after MV repair demonstrated less than trivial (acute IE in seven, healed IE in three) or mild (acute IE in three, healed IE in one) mitral regurgitation. In patients with MV replacement, the postoperative left atrial dimension (LAD) was decreased (51.5 +/- 39.2 vs. 39.2 +/- 1.9 mm, P = 0.007); however LV end-diastolic dimension (LVDD) and LV end-systolic dimension were unchanged. In patients with MV repair, LVDD (57.5 +/- 6.5 vs. 46.0 +/- 5.6 mm, P < 0.001), LV end-systolic dimension (36.1 +/- 5.2 vs. 32.4 +/- 6.2 mm, P = 0.04), LAD (43.1 +/- 8.1 vs. 33.6 +/- 7.7 mm, P = 0.003) were reduced. Postoperative ejection fraction (55.3 +/- 13.5% vs. 41.8% +/- 10.0%, P = 0.03) and fraction shortening (30.1% +/- 9.2% vs. 20.7% +/- 5.5%, P = 0.03) were better in patients with MV repair than those with MV replacement. CONCLUSIONS: MV repair is feasible in patients with both active and healed IE. MV repair preserves better LV function and structure postoperatively.     

Pulmonary valve neocuspidization and tricuspid valve replacement in intravenous drug abusers with infective endocarditis: Report of two cases

Right-sided infective endocarditis accounts for 5–10% of endocarditis cases. It occurs predominantly among intravenous drug abusers. The pulmonary valve is involved in fewer than 2% of patients with endocarditis. Literature data are limited and optimal medical strategy, including surgical technique, remains non-standardized in this clinical situation. We present 2 patients treated surgically for tricuspid and pulmonary valve endocarditis and discuss a method of pulmonary valve neocuspidization based on the Ozaki technique.     

Crescentic glomerulonephritis in a child with infective endocarditis

Renal manifestations associated with infective endocarditis (IE) may present with different clinical patterns, and the most common renal histopathological finding is diffuse proliferative and exudative type of glomerulonephritis, leading to hematuria and/or proteinuria. Renal failure due to crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in children with IE is a very rare condition. We report here a 6-year-old boy, who had a history of cardiac surgery for pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect, presenting with the clinical findings of IE and hematuria associated with renal failure due to CGN. He was treated with a combination of intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone pulses and appropriate antibiotics, but also received one dose of IV cyclophosphamide. Complete serological, biochemical, and clinical improvement was achieved after 2 months of follow-up. Antibiotic therapy is the essential part of the treatment of IE-associated glomerulonephritis; however, this case also highlights the importance of aggressive immunosuppressive therapy to suppress the immunological process related with infection in this life-threatening condition leading to renal failure.     

感染性心内膜炎患者二尖瓣置换和成型术的效果

目的比较感染性心内膜炎患者行二尖瓣置换和成型手术的临床特点和转归。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月在北京协和医院行手术治疗的、累及二尖瓣的感染性心内膜炎患者55例,男24例,女31例,年龄19～77岁,ASAⅡ-Ⅳ级,根据患者所行手术分为两组:二尖瓣置换术组(Z组,n=15)和二尖瓣成型术组(C组,n=40)。比较两组致病菌、临床表现、超声心动图表现、是否入住ICU、住院时间、术后并发症等。结果链球菌是感染性心内膜炎最常见的病原菌,发热、新出现的心脏杂音和贫血是最常见的临床表现。Z组贫血、心力衰竭、术后入ICU比例明显高于C组(P 0.05)。两组超声心动图表现、住院时间和术后并发症差异无统计学意义。结论对于有手术指征的感染性心内膜炎患者,合理选择手术方式可以改善患者预后。     

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infective endocarditis confirmed by broad-range PCR diagnosis: A case report

IntroductionAggregatibacter aphrophilus is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. This pathogen is difficult to identify with common culture methods, which can lead to incorrect diagnosis and treatment.Presentation of caseA 72-year-old woman was admitted to a community hospital with a persistent high fever and deteriorating renal function. Based on negative blood culture and positive serum proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (PR3-ANCA), acute renal failure associated with ANCA-rerated vasculitis was initially suspected. However, the patient developed heart failure soon afterward; echocardiography showed mitral insufficiency with mobile vegetation attached to the mitral valve, indicating infective endocarditis. After transfer to our hospital, the patient underwent mitral valve repair. Broad-range polymerase chain reaction (br-PCR) and sequencing identified Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in the excised vegetation. The patient had a good postoperative course, with recovery of renal function.ConclusionA rare disease, Aggregatibacter aphrophilus infective endocarditis was successfully treated with surgical repair and appropriate antibiotic therapy. To avoid misdiagnosis, br-PCR testing should be performed in patients with blood culture-negative endocarditis.