注射用氨苄西林钠细菌内毒素检查法可行性研究

对注射用氨苄西林钠进行凝胶法干扰试验,建立注射用氨苄西林钠细菌内毒素检查法的试验方法.采用<中国药典>2005年版二部附录细菌内毒素检查法.注射用氨苄西林钠稀释4倍(25mg·mL-1)时对细菌内毒素检查法无干扰作用.使用细菌内毒素检查法检查注射用氨苄西林钠中的细菌内毒素是可行的,可用细菌内毒素检查法代替家兔热原检查法.     

动态浊度法定量检测注射用氨苄西林钠中细菌内毒素含量

目的建立注射用氨苄西林钠中细菌内毒素含量的定量测定方法。方法采用稀释法排除氨苄西林钠对细菌内毒素含量测定的干扰。结果将注射用氨苄西林钠液稀释100倍,可排除其对细菌内毒素含量测定的干扰。结论使用动态浊度法检测注射用氨苄西林钠中的细菌内毒素含量是可行的,此方法可替代家兔热原检查法。     

注射用头孢唑林钠细菌内毒素的检测

目的:建立注射用头孢唑林钠细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法:根据《中国药典》2005年版二部细菌内毒素检查法要求进行试验。结果:注射用头孢唑林钠的内毒素限值应定为0.067EU·mg~(-1),该药稀释至7.46mg·ml~(-1)浓度时对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论:鲎法检测注射用头孢唑林钠细菌内毒素可行。     

注射用对氨基水杨酸钠的细菌内毒素检查

目的:建立注射用对氨基水杨酸钠的细菌内毒素检查法。方法:参照《中国药典》2005年版二部细菌内毒素检查的定量测定法与凝胶限量法,对两种方法进行干扰实验。结果:通过对样品进行适当的稀释,凝胶法:样品浓度为2.5mg·ml~(-1)使用灵敏度为0.06EU·ml~(-1)的鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用;定量测定法:与凝胶法相同的样品浓度回收率较好,无干扰作用。结论:注射用对氨基水杨酸钠可以建立细菌内毒素检查法。     

克林霉素磷酸酯注射液的细菌内毒素检测

目的:考察克林霉素磷酸酯注射液细菌内毒素检查法的可行性。方法:根据《中国药典》2000年版二部收载的细菌内毒素检查法的要求进行试验。结果:将样品进行适当稀释可排除干扰,与家兔法结果一致。结论:将克林霉素磷酸酯注射液稀释125倍,可用灵敏度为0.25Eu·ml~(-1)的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查。     

杏丁注射液细菌内毒素检测

目的:建立杏丁注射液细菌内毒素的检查方法。方法:按中国药典2000版二部附录ⅪE、ⅪⅩ F进行实验和结果判断。结果:用标示灵敏度为0.5EU·ml~(-1)的鲎试剂,杏丁注射液在≤最大有效稀释倍数(6—MVD)时,对细菌内毒素检查无干扰作用。13批杏丁注射液中细菌内毒素量均小于3EU·ml~(-1)。结论:可以用细菌内毒素检查法(凝胶法)代替家兔热原检查法控制其热原。     

注射用更昔洛韦的细菌内毒素检测

目的:建立快速的注射用更昔洛韦细菌内毒素检测法,替代热原检查法。方法:用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的注射用更普洛韦分别进行干扰试验,考察注射用更昔洛韦的细菌内毒素检测法。结果:将注射用更昔洛韦稀释 1.25g·L~(-1)以下可消除干扰作用,结果准确可靠。结论:注射用更普洛韦可以用鲎试剂细菌内毒素检测法取代热原检查法。     

盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的探讨

目的:建立快速检测盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液细菌内毒素检查法以代替热原检查法。方法:用抑制增强试验和对比试验。结果:稀释1→2样品溶液无干扰作用,与家兔法结果一致。结论:将盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液稀释2倍可用灵敏度为0.25 EU·ml~(-1)的鲎试剂作细菌内毒素检查。     

注射用盐酸头孢吡肟细菌内毒素检查法

目的:建立注射用盐酸头孢吡肟的细茵内毒素检查方法。方法:按《中国药典》2005年版细茵内毒素检查法进行试验。结果:用稀释剂Ⅱ将盐酸头孢吡肟溶液调节后,消除了盐酸头孢吡肟对细菌内毒素检查法的干扰,所检样品的细菌内毒素均小于0．06 EU·ml~(-1)。结论:建立注射用盐酸头孢吡肟细菌内毒素检查法具有可行性。     

氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法

目的:建立氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法:根据中国药典2000年版二部收载的细菌内毒素检查法的要求进行实验。结果:将氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液经8倍稀释可消除干扰因素,用标示灵敏度为0.25 EU·ml~(-1)的鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素是有效的。结论:可用鲎试验法取代家兔法对氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液进行热原检查。     

Readmissions for treatment for alcoholism

First admissions and readmissions for alcoholism have risen steeply in recent decades. This study looked at readmission histories for four cohorts of alcoholics first admitted to inpatient psychiatric treatment in 1967-68, 1973, 1977 or 1979. Over the twelve years the first cohort was observed, alcoholics on average spent 254 days in treatment and had 2.14 alcohol-related readmissions. However the distributions were very skewed: 50% stayed less than 92 days and 45.6% had no readmissions at all. All four cohorts yielded similar results over comparable time periods and all showed markedly skewed distributions reflecting the diversity of readmission histories among alcoholics. Policy decisions about alcoholism inpatient treatment must take account of this diversity.     

Potential directions for drug development for osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a frustrating disease for both patient and physician because neither cause nor cure is known and there are currently no disease-modifying drugs. Objective: To review current therapeutic approaches as well as new findings regarding OA pathoetiology that could form the basis of future direction for the development of drugs to prevent or slow down disease progression. Methods: After reviewing disease progression in human OA, as demonstrated by histological analyses, the reasons for cartilage erosion are explored and possible therapeutic approaches are highlighted. Results/conclusions: OA may be an epigenetic disease. This new concept can explain many aspects of the disease and provide reasons why therapeutic approaches until now have met with little success.     

Prospects for MEK inhibitors for treating cancer

Introduction: The MAPK pathway is a signaling network that plays a key role in many normal cellular processes and in a large number of human malignancies. One of its effectors, MEK, is essential for the carcinogenesis of different tumors. In recent years, several drugs able to inhibit MEK have been assessed in clinical trials. Trametinib has recently become the first MEK inhibitor licensed for cancer treatment (advanced melanoma).

Areas covered: We comprehensively review the safety and clinical efficacy of the family of MEK inhibitors, either alone or in combination with other drugs. We discuss data ranging from the Phase III trial of trametinib in melanoma to the most recent drugs with early signs of antitumor activity. In addition, we explain the reasons for the unsuccessful results of the early trials with MEK inhibitors and provide a view of their role in cancer treatment in forthcoming years.

Expert opinion: MEK inhibitors are a potentially safe and active treatment option for the treatment of many human malignancies. The information provided by a large series of studies currently ongoing will be very valuable in order to optimize their use. Adequate selection of patients is crucial for achieving successful results with these compounds.     

Projections for insulin treatment for diabetics

The evolution of insulin treatment of diabetes has dramatically changed the natural course of this disease. Modern recombinant DNA technology has brought about many new insulin analogues with improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in better glycemic control. In addition, improved insulin delivery systems, such as insulin pumps and pens, have been introduced to provide convenience and to enhance patient compliance. Efforts are currently being devoted to developing noninvasive insulin formulations, such as oral and pulmonary insulin. A number of products are at different stages of clinical trials. Meanwhile, the quest for a permanent cure for diabetes continues. The frontier of diabetes research has gone through a period of substantial expansion, with the emergence of new areas that include gene therapy, islet cell transplantation and diabetic vaccine. Technological breakthroughs, such as recombinant DNA, nanotechnology, microarray-aided genomics and proteomics, will provide more profound insights into the pathogenesis, and the immunological and biological basis of diabetes. Our growing knowledge in these areas will ultimately contribute to the discovery of preventive methods against or a cure for this disease.     

我院门诊调剂室实施规范化管理的措施

目的:加强门诊调剂室规范化管理,保证药品质量,确保患者用药安全。方法:建立包括管理细则、工作程序、岗位分工及各类药品管理制度在内的系统的管理制度和操作规程。结果与结论:通过实施制度化、规范化管理,有利于规范人员行为,减少药患纠纷,提高患者信任度和满意度,保证患者的用药安全。