颈椎前路手术间接相关并发症的影响因素

目的探讨颈椎前路手术围手术期内手术间接相关并发症的影响因素。方法回顾1992年1月~2004年1月,颈椎前路手术412例,对年龄、性别、病史、病种、瘫痪情况等因素进行单因素筛选和多因素回归分析,获取颈椎前路手术围手术期手术间接相关并发症的可能影响因素。结果围手术期内发生手术间接相关并发症23例次(19例),统计分析显示间接相关并发症可能与患者的瘫痪情况有关。结论颈椎前路手术患者围手术期间接相关并发症主要同患者自身病情有关,根据病情特点加强围手术期管理可能会降低其发生率并改善患者预后。     

应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：对合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的严重的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎患者应用颈椎螺旋融合器前后路一次性手术治疗,并进行分析,方法：对7例哈 并发育性颈椎管狭窄的多节段颈椎间盘突出及不稳的脊髓型颈椎病患者先行后路颈椎单开门椎板成形术或颈椎 切除减压术,然后前路行颈椎间盘,骨赘切除减压颈椎螺旋融合器植入术,术后采用日本整形外科学会标准17分法进行测评,结果：平均随访时间12个月,7例患者术后均有不同程度皮肤感觉改善和四肢肌力提高,其中2例大小便障碍者括约肌功能恢复,脊髓功能的平均改善率为76．2％,结论：本手术方法减压彻底,具有安全性,颈椎螺旋融合器的应用解决了颈椎间稳定性问题。     

En Bloc Resection of Primary Malignant Bone Tumor in the Cervical Spine Based on 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology

Objective

To investigate the feasibility and safety of en bloc resection of cervical primary malignant bone tumors by a combined anterior and posterior approach based on a three‐dimensional (3‐D) printing model.

Methods

Five patients with primary malignant bone tumors of the cervical spine underwent en bloc resection via a one‐stage combined anteroposterior approach in our hospital from March 2013 to June 2014. They comprised three men and two women of mean age 47.2 years (range, 26–67 years). Three of the tumors were chondrosarcomas and two chordomas. Preoperative 3‐D printing models were created by 3‐D printing technology. Sagittal en bloc resections were planned based on these models and successfully performed. A 360° reconstruction was performed by spinal instrumentation in all cases. Surgical margins, perioperative complications, local control rate and survival rate were assessed.

Results

All patients underwent en bloc excision via a combined posterior and anterior approach in one stage. Mean operative time and estimated blood loss were 465 minutes and 1290 mL, respectively. Mean follow‐up was 21 months. Wide surgical margins were achieved in two patients and marginal resection in three; these three patients underwent postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy. One vertebral artery was ligated and sacrificed in each of three patients. Nerve root involved by tumor was sacrificed in three patients with preoperative upper extremity weakness. One patient (Case 3) had significant transient radiculopathy with paresis postoperatively. Another (Case 4) with C ₄ and C ₅ chordoma had respiratory difficulties and pneumonia after surgery postoperatively. He recovered completely after 2 weeks’ management with a tracheotomy tube and antibiotics in the intensive care unit. No cerebrovascular complications and wound infection were observed. No local recurrence or instrumentation failure were detected during follow‐up.

Conclusion

Though technically challenging, it is feasible and safe to perform en bloc resection of cervical primary bone tumors. This is the most effective means of managing cervical spine tumors. Preoperative 3‐D printing modelling enables better anatomical understanding of the relationship between the tumor and cervical spine and can assist in planning the surgical procedure.

     

前路钢板复合BMP2同种异体骨移植治疗无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱

目的 探讨颈前路减压、椎体间植骨支撑融合、钢板内固定术治疗无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱的手术方法 及疗效.方法 手术治疗50例无脊髓损伤型外伤性颈椎滑脱,采取复合BMP2同种异体骨移植支撑融合、钢板内固定术.结果 术后全部病例经随访观察,症状获得改善,加例完全恢复.植骨在3个月内牢固融合,术后6个月47例重返工作,3例残留手指麻木.颈椎椎间高度、生理曲度维持良好、无钢板、螺钉折断、滑脱等并发症.结论 颈前路减压、椎体间植骨融合、钢板内固定术治疗外伤性颈椎滑脱,临床疗效满意.植骨融合手术操作简单,钢板内固定术后颈椎即刻稳定,有助于早期功能锻炼,减少外固定时间,防止植骨块塌陷,保持椎问高度及颈椎的生理前曲,有利于提高手术远期效果.     

Combined Application of Modified Three-Dimensional Printed Anatomic Templates and Customized Cutting Blocks in Pelvic Reconstruction After Pelvic Tumor Resection

Background

Common three-dimensional (3D)-printed anatomic templates have generally been used to reconstruct the pelvis after zone II and III borderline pelvic tumor resection. However, gradual increases in postoperative implant complications and the tumor recurrence rate have been observed. This study aimed to introduce the innovative application of a modified 3D-printed anatomic template with a customized cutting block for pelvic reconstruction and to comparatively analyze the common and modified 3D-printed anatomic templates.

Customized Multilevel 3D Printing Implant for Reconstructing Spine Tumor: A Retrospective Case Series Study in a Single Center

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of 3D printed artificial vertebral body for patients who underwent multilevel total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) and analyze whether it could reduce the incidence of implant subsidence.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. From January 2017 to May 2018, eight consecutive cases with spine tumor undergoing multilevel TES were analyzed. All patients underwent X‐ray and CT examinations to evaluate the stability of internal fixation during the postoperative follow‐up. Demographic, surgical details, clinical data, and perioperative complications was collected. Visual analog scale, Frankel score, and spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) classification were also recorded.ResultsThere were six cases of primary spinal tumor and two cases of metastatic spinal tumor. All patients achieved remarkable pain relief and improvement in neurological function. Five patients underwent operation through the posterior approach, one patient underwent operation through the anterior approach and the remaining two patients through a combined anterior and posterior approach. At the last follow‐up period, X‐rays showed that the 3D printed artificial vertebral body of all cases matched well, and the fixation was reliable. Hardware failure such as loosening, sinking, breaking, and displacement wasn''t observed during the follow‐up period.Conclusion3D printed customized artificial vertebral body can provide satisfying good clinical and radiological outcomes for patients who have undergone multilevel TES.     

Primary Cooperative Application of a LARS® Tube and 3D-Printed Prosthesis for Reconstruction of the Distal Radius after en bloc Resection of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Comparative Retrospective Study

Objective

Using a fibula autograft (FA) to reconstruct defects after en bloc resection of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in the distal radius is classic but has high complication rates. We describe a novel reconstruction method employing the cooperative application of LARS® and a 3D-printed prosthesis (L-P) and investigate whether it improves postoperative outcomes.

Methods

From April 2015 to August 2022, 14 patients who underwent the cooperative L-P reconstruction method after en bloc resection of distal radial GCTBs and 31 patients who received FA reconstruction were enrolled as two retrospective cohorts in this comparative study. The properties of the implants and critical surgical techniques were elaborated in the L-P group. Preoperative function, intraoperative data, and postoperative clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of all patients were recorded and compared between the two groups. The grip strength and range of wrist motion, including extension, flexion, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation, were measured. The Mayo modified wrist and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores were chosen to assess wrist function and surgical functional outcomes, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to analyze the significant differences in complication rates and implant survival between the two groups.

Results

In both groups, all 45 patients underwent the operation without complication with similar average osteotomy lengths and bleeding volumes, while a shorter operative duration was achieved in the L-P group (201.43 ± 22.87 min vs. 230.16 ± 51.44 min, P = 0.015). At a mean follow-up of 40.42 ± 18.43 months (range, 14–72 months), both reconstruction methods effectively ameliorated postoperative function. Patients who received L-P showed higher postoperative modified Mayo wrist scores (81.43 ± 5.49 vs. 71.13 ± 16.10, P = 0.003), Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores (27.64 ± 1.34 vs. 25.06 ± 2.95, P = 0.004), and grip strength on the normal side (68.71% ± 8.00% vs. 57.81% ± 12.31%, P = 0.005) than the FA group. Better wrist extension (63.21° ± 8.99° vs. 45.32° ± 14.53°, P < 0.001) and flexion (45.36° ± 7.90° vs. 30.48° ± 12.07°, P < 0.001) were also observed in the L-P group. The complication rate was significantly higher in the FA group (29/31, 93.55%) than in the L-P group (1/14 7.14%, P < 0.001). The L-P group showed higher implant survival than the FA group, but the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The cooperative application of LARS® and 3D-printed prostheses is an effective modality for reconstructing musculoskeletal defects after en bloc resection of distal radial GCTBs, which can improve functional outcomes, diminish complication rates, and promote wrist joint stability and motion.