同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植上调急性心肌梗死大鼠Cx43的表达

目的研究同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植心肌梗死(MI)大鼠后缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)在不同时期的动态变化。方法建立大鼠MI模型。将同种异体MSCs用5-氮胞苷诱导成心肌样细胞并行荧光标记,经二次开胸注射入MI大鼠梗死区和梗死边缘区。各亚组分别于移植后4、8和12周在荧光显微镜下跟踪MSCs移植情况。同时用免疫组化分析Cx43表达与缝隙连接(GJ)分布。结果MSCs体外诱导可分化为自发搏动的心肌样细胞,表达心肌特异性肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和形成肌丝结构。MSCs移植后可长期存活并在4、8和12周,并有效上调缺血区Cx43的表达,改善GJ分布紊乱状态。在梗死区Cx43无特殊改变。结论MSCs具有分化为心肌样细胞的可塑性,移植后上调MI后缺血区Cx43表达,改善GJ分布紊乱。     

脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死大鼠心功能变化的Meta分析

文题释义： 脐带间充质干细胞：是新生儿脐带组织中的一种具有自我复制能力的多功能干细胞,因其低免疫原性和较强的增殖分化能力,目前被广泛应用于心肌梗死方面的研究。在一定条件下它可以分化成多种组织细胞,同时也可以分泌一些细胞因子,为新生细胞的生长提供良好的微环境,进而促进心肌新生,改善血供和心功能,降低死亡率。 心功能：利用超声心动图检测心功能是目前评价心肌梗死疗效的有效手段,具有无创、安全、简便、可重复检查等优势。大量实验研究表明,脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死可以提高心室射血分数,减少心室重构,改善心功能,降低心力衰竭的病死率。 背景：研究显示,相对于其他来源的干细胞,脐带间充质干细胞这类多功能干细胞的免疫原性较低,将其应用到心肌梗死大鼠基础研究中具有显著疗效。 目的：系统评价脐带间充质干细胞对心肌梗死大鼠心功能的影响。 方法：计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、CBM、中国知网、万方、维普、中国期刊数据库,检索时限从建库起至2019年6月,收集关于脐带间充质干细胞治疗大鼠心肌梗死的系列研究。由2位研究者按照纳入标准独立完成文献筛选、资料提取及方法学质量评价,采用Stata14.0进行Meta分析。 结果与结论：最终9篇文献纳入研究,共计216只大鼠。Meta分析结果显示：①脐带间充质干细胞可显著升高心肌梗死大鼠的左室射血分数[95%CI (3.16,3.76),P < 0.001];②脐带间充质干细胞对心肌梗死大鼠左室短轴缩短率有显著增加作用[95%CI (0.18,0.54),P < 0.001];③脐带间充质干细胞对心肌梗死大鼠的左室舒张末期内径[95%CI (-1.90,-0.99),P=0.042]和收缩末期内径[95%CI (-6.56,-4.65),P < 0.001]有明显缩短作用;④脐带间充质干细胞可显著改善心肌梗死大鼠的左室舒张末期容积[95%CI (-2.01,-1.11),P < 0.001]和收缩末期容积[95%CI (-3.44,-2.17),P < 0.001];⑤结果表明,脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗对心肌梗死大鼠的心功能有明显改善作用,且安全性较高。受纳入文献质量的限制,以上结论需更高质量、更大样本的随机对照实验加以验证。 ORCID: 0000-0002-9025-9352(陈思宇) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

不同孕周人脐带间充质干细胞移植改善心肌梗死模型心脏功能的比较

BACKGROUND: Stem cells have multi-directional differentiation and self-replication abilities, under certain conditions, which can differentiate into myocardial cells to repair the damaged myocardium. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived at different gestational weeks on infarct size and angiogenesis in the infarct region of experimental rabbits with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Ten full-term umbilical cord samples and 10 umbilical cord samples of aborted fetuses at 10-12 gestation weeks were selected to in vitro isolate umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells that were subjected to BrdU labeling. HLA-G expression was detected in the cells. Thirty white rabbits were selected to make myocardial infarction models, and 2 weeks after modeling, the model rabbits were randomized into aborted cell transplantation group, full-term cell transplantation group and control group (n=10 per group). Then, BrdU-labeled cells were injected correspondingly into the infarct region of rabbits in the two cell transplantation groups. Rabbits in the control group were subjected to an equal volume of serum-free. Four weeks after transplantation, heart function of rabbits was monitored using electrocardiogram, and myocardial tissues were taken to measure infarct size and blood capillary density. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: HLA-G expression was different in different sources of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: high HLA-G expression was found in the aborted umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and meanwhile, low HLA-G expression was found in the full-term umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with the control group, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular ejection fraction of aborted and full-term cell transplantation groups were significantly improved, especially in the aborted cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). BrdU-positive cells were found in the infarct site in both transplantation groups. Compared with the control group, the infarct size and capillary density were improved most significantly in the aborted cell transplantation group followed by the full-term cell transplantation group (P < 0.05). Electrocardiogram findings showed significant improvement in both cell transplantation groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05), especially in the aborted cell transplantation group. These findings indicate that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived at low gestational weeks improve the heart function more significantly than the full-term umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, which have the potential to become a better source of cardiomyocytes for transplantation.     

胚胎干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死后心肌病理形态学及血流动力学变化

目的：探讨胚胎干细胞(ESC)移植治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心肌组织形态学及血液动力学变化。 方法： Wistar大鼠40只随机分为正常对照组、梗死未治疗组(梗死组)、梗死中心移植组(中心组)、梗死周边移植组(周边组)共4组。结扎冠状动脉左前降支制成心肌梗死模型，梗死后1周移植体外分化并经标记的ESCs，移植后4周分别检测组织形态及血流动力学指标的改变。 结果： 移植后4周，周边组移植细胞稳定存活，而中心组移植细胞未能存活。心功能及组织学检测表明中心组与梗死组无显著差异(P＞0.05)；与梗死组比较，周边组梗死面积显著小于梗死组(P＜0.01)，(21.0±1.3)% vs (40.7±2.2)%；左室重量小于梗死组(P＜0.01)，(702.0±24.0)mg vs (882.2±32.6)mg；反映左室收缩功能的指标+dp/dtmax和LVSP均大于梗死组(P＜0.01)，分别为 (7.9±0.7)×103mmHg/s vs (5.9±0.5)×103 mmHg/s和(117.5±10.7) mmHg vs (89.2±8.1) mmHg；而LVEDP均明显小于梗死组(P＜0.01)，(8.5±0.3)mmHg vs (13.6±1.2)mmHg。 结论： 急性心肌梗死后于梗死周边区移植ESCs可以阻止心室重构、减少瘢痕面积、改善心功能。     

瑞舒伐他汀联合脐血间充质干细胞移植改善急性心肌梗死后心功能

BACKGROUND:In recent years, it has been a hot topic that stem cell transplantation is used to improve cardiac insufficiency after acute myocardial infarction by inducing regeneration of cardiomyocytes in the infarction regions. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of rosuvastatin combined with umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on rat cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled to prepare myocardial infarction models by ligaturing the left anterior descending coronary artery. Then they were equivalently divided into model group, transplantation group and combination group. At 7 days after modeling, rats in the combination group were given injection of 300 μL umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (15.0×10⁸) via the tail vein and by gavage once a day for 28 days with 1 mg/kg rosuvastatin; rats in the transplantation group and model group were injected with 300 μL umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension through the tail veins or the same amount of LG-DMEM medium, respectively, followed by intragastrical administration of the same amount normal saline. At 5 weeks after modeling, indexes of cardiac function, level of plasma Lp-PLA2 and heat shock protein 70 in the infarction regions were detected by color Doppler ultrasound, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot assay, respectively. In addition, pathological changes of myocardial tissues were observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic pressure were significantly higher in the combination group than in the transplantation group as well as higher in the transplantation group than the model group (P < 0.05); compared with the transplantation group, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was significantly decreased in the combination group, but significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05); the number of cardiomyocytes in the infarction regions was significantly higher in the combination group than the other groups. Additionally, expression of heat shock protein 70 in the infarction regions was significantly increased in the combination group (P < 0.05). To conclude, rosuvastatin combined with umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can significantly improve rat cardiac function after myocardial infarction.     

胎儿脐血间充质干细胞治疗大鼠急性心肌梗死

背景：胎儿脐血间充质干细胞对病变心肌有修复和再生能力,胎儿脐血间充质干细胞移植是治疗心肌梗死的一种新途径。 目的：探讨胎儿脐血间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠心肌梗死的效果。 方法：选取32只大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制作心肌梗死动物模型,随机等分为移植组和梗死组,从胎儿脐血中分离培养脐血间充质干细胞,制备脐血间充质干细胞悬液,对移植组大鼠进行脐血间充质干细胞移植。 结果与结论：胎儿脐血间充质干细胞在体外可以被成功分离培养;与梗死组相比,移植组大鼠心肌梗死边缘区的微血管密度、左室收缩末压、左室内压最大上升和下降速率显著增加(P < 0.05),左室舒张末压显著下降(P < 0.05),心电图情况稍有好转。表明胎儿脐血间充质干细胞治疗心肌梗死大鼠可以促进心肌血管再生,改善心脏功能。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

骨髓间质干细胞移植治疗假肥大型肌营养不良症模型鼠后运动功能的改善

目的:观察骨髓间质干细胞(MSC)移植治疗假肥大型肌营养不良症(DMD)动物模型dko鼠后运动功能的改善情况。方法:用体外培养传代扩增纯化的第5代(P5)MSC经鼠尾静脉移植治疗dko鼠,在细胞移植治疗后15周分别对实验组与对照组dko鼠进行牵引、转棒、转轮、倒挂、翻身、走步的一系列运动功能测试观察(录像记录),并取dko鼠后肢腓肠肌组织做荧光免疫组化检测抗肌萎缩蛋白(dystrophin/utrophin)的表达,计算阳性肌纤维的平均吸光度值并进行统计学分析。 结果:传3代以上呈集落生长的MSC均一性好,静脉移植免疫反应低,移植后15周实验组dko鼠肌膜组织有dystrophin/utrophin免疫荧光表达,而对照组则无免疫荧光表达,两组有显著差异(P＜0.05);MSC移植后15周实验组dko鼠的系列运动功能测试均显著优于对照鼠(P＜0.05)。 结论:MSC移植对dko鼠肌萎缩组织有一定的修复与再生作用,并能改善DMD模型鼠的主动与被动运动功能。     

Structural bone allograft combined with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering

The presence of live periosteal progenitor cells on the surface of bone autografts confers better healing than devitalized allograft. We have previously demonstrated in a murine 4 mm segmental femoral bone-grafting model that live periosteum produces robust endochondral and intramembraneous bone formation that is essential for effective healing and neovascularization of structural bone grafts. To the end of engineering a live pseudo-periosteum that could induce a similar response onto devitalized bone allograft, we seeded a mesenchymal stem cell line stably transfected with human bone morphogenic protein-2/beta-galactosidase (C9) onto devitalized bone allografts or onto a membranous small intestinal submucosa scaffold that was wrapped around the allograft. Histology showed that C9-coated allografts displayed early cartilaginous tissue formation at day 7. By 6 and 9 weeks, a new cortical shell was found bridging the segmental defect that united the host bones. Biomechanical testing showed that C9-coated allografts displayed torsional strength and stiffness equivalent to intact femurs at 6 weeks and superior to live isografts at 9 weeks. Volumetric and histomorphometric micro-computed tomography analyses demonstrated a 2-fold increase in new bone formation around C9-coated allografts, which resulted in a substantial increase in polar moment of inertia (pMOI) due to the formation of new cortical shell around the allografts. Positive correlations between biomechanics and new bone volume and pMOI were found, suggesting that the biomechanical function of the grafted femur relates to both morphological parameters. C9-coated allograft also exhibited slower resorption of the graft cortex at 9 weeks than live isograft. Both new bone formation and the persistent allograft likely contributed to the improved biomechanics of C9-coated allograft. Taken together, we propose a novel strategy to combine structural bone allograft with genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells as a novel platform for bone tissue engineering.     

诱导多能干细胞移植后对急性心肌梗死小鼠心律的影响

背景：诱导多能干细胞被认为是治疗缺血性心肌病最具前景的一种方法,但其移植的安全性、有效性仍需进一步研究。 目的：探讨诱导多能干细胞移植后对急性心肌梗死小鼠心脏节律产生的影响。 方法：建立ICR小鼠心肌梗死模型并将其随机分为急性心肌梗死组,急性心肌梗死+生理盐水组,急性心肌梗死+诱导多能干细胞组,急性心肌梗死+成纤维细胞组,同时设立正常对照组。各组分别于移植诱导多能干细胞5 min、1周、2周、3周后,应用BL-420生物机能系统检测各组小鼠体表心电图肢体Ⅱ导联心律的变化。免疫组化染色法检测各组小鼠心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达,并应用Image Proplus软件进行半定量分析。 结果与结论：与急性心肌梗死组和急性心肌梗死+成纤维细胞组比较,移植2,3周时急性心肌梗死+诱导多能干细胞组小鼠体表心电图Ⅱ导联室性早搏发生率明显减少,梗死心肌缝隙连接蛋白43表达明显增加(P < 0.05),前两组相比差异无显著性意义。结果说明诱导多能干细胞移植2周后可明显减少梗死后小鼠室性早搏发生率,进而改善心肌组织的电活动并增强其电位稳定性,可使小鼠梗死心肌缝隙连接蛋白43的表达增加,而成纤维细胞移植的小鼠中则未出现此现象。     

外周血间充质干细胞移植心肌梗死兔新生血管及心功能的变化

背景：药物治疗和支架置入治疗尚不能修复心肌梗死后已坏死的心肌。 目的：观察外周血间充质干细胞移植治疗对心肌梗死兔新生血管及心功能的影响。 方法：随机抽签法将36只大白兔分为假手术组,间充质干细胞移植组和对照组,结扎兔冠状动脉左室支建立心肌梗死模型。 结果与结论：移植后4周,流式细胞仪分析显示绝大部分间充质干细胞表达CD44,极少量细胞表达CD34和CD45。间充质干细胞移植组梗死心肌组织有移植的间充质干细胞存活,超声心动仪示间充质干细胞移植组左心室射血分数及短轴缩短率明显高于对照组(P < 0.01);左心室收缩末内径和舒张末内径明显小于对照组(P < 0.01)。间充质干细胞移植组心肌纤维化程度、心肌梗死面积均明显小于对照组(P < 0.01)。免疫组织化学染色显示间充质干细胞移植组新生毛细血管密度明显高于对照组(P < 0.01)。提示外周血间充质干细胞移植增加了梗死心肌新生血管密度,改善心脏的功能。     

Qiliqiangxin improves cardiac function and attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats with experimental myocardial infarction

Objective: It has been reported that Qiliqiangxin (QL), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, could inhibit cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, and improve cardiac function. However, whether and how it reverses cardiac remodeling in rats post myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. This study aims to explore related mechanisms linked with cardiac function improvement and attenuation of cardiac remodeling by QL in rats with experimental MI. Methods: MI was induced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats with LVEF < 50% at four weeks after procedure were treated for another 6 weeks with placebo, QL and captopril. Echocardiography and plasma NT-proBNP were measured at the end of study, and histological studies were performed. Protein expressions of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), total-Akt, phospho-Akt (Ser473), hydroxy-HIF-1α (Pro564), VEGF, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 were examined by Western blot. mRNA expression of NRG-1 and p53 was detected by real-time PCR. Results: Compared with the placebo group, QL improved cardiac function, reduced left ventricular dimension, inhibited interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, increased neovascularization, and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile QL significantly upregulated the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase 3 expression. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of NRG-1 and downregulation of p53 after QL treatment. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of QL on improving cardiac function and attenuating cardiac remodeling post MI are associated with angiogenesis enhancement and apoptosis inhibition, which may be mediated via activation of NRG-1/Akt signaling and suppression of p53 pathway.     

透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞改善心肌梗死大鼠的心功能(Ⅱ)

文题释义：透明质酸：是一种线性的糖胺聚糖,在多种天然组织细胞外基质中含量丰富,参与细胞黏附、迁移、增殖及分化,在机体组织水分保持、关节润滑和损伤修复过程中发挥重要作用。透明质酸通过化学交联方法能形成具备一定特性和机械性能的水凝胶。可注射水凝胶修复梗死心肌的机制：①作为细胞移植的载体,通过其本身的黏滞性阻止因心脏跳动和静脉回流导致的细胞逃逸,提高移植细胞的滞留,并能为移植的细胞提供合适的三维立体生长环境,防止细胞的失巢凋亡,提高细胞的存活率;②作为蛋白或者生长因子的控制释放载体,防止这些生物活性分子被体内的酶降解,阻止其一过性释放,延长生物活性分子在体内的作用时间,并实现局部用药;③水凝胶通过材料堆积增加梗死区室壁厚度,提供力学支撑;④性能优良的水凝胶能为内源性修复创造条件,为干细胞植入提供附着支架;⑤水凝胶降解的活性生物片段招募内源性干细胞,促进心肌再生。背景：作者前期的研究结果显示透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞可以改善大鼠心肌梗死后心功能。目的：探索透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织学的影响。方法：分离培养雄性SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,然后用透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞在培养皿中进行体外三维培养。结扎雌性SD大鼠左冠状动脉前降支制作心肌梗死模型,1周后行超声检测,将符合条件的大鼠随机分为4组：①PBS组(n=8);②水凝胶组(n=8);③细胞组(n=29);④细胞+水凝胶组(n=29)。造模1周后将模型鼠行二次开胸,按照分组将PBS、透明质酸水凝胶、骨髓间充质干细胞、透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞注射到梗死边缘区及梗死区。移植后4周,苏木精-伊红染色、Masson染色及免疫组化染色评价心脏的血管再生、心肌保护以及心室重塑。结果与结论：①移植后4周,与PBS组相比,水凝胶组的梗死区室壁较厚,细胞组的心肌细胞肥大减轻及血管密度增高,水凝胶+细胞组的心室重塑减轻、存活心肌增多以及血管密度增高;②结果表明,在组织学水平,透明质酸水凝胶包裹骨髓间充质干细胞取得修复梗死心肌的最大效应。ORCID:0000-0002-3332-2642(商青青) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

吡格列酮联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗改善大鼠心肌梗死后的心功能

背景：前期研究发现骨髓间充质干细胞移植能够改善心肌梗死大鼠的心功能,但整体效果并不太理想。 目的：拟采用PPAR-γ激动剂吡格列酮联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗以进一步改善心肌梗死大鼠的心功能并探讨相关机制。 方法：开胸结扎20只SD大鼠左前降支冠状动脉并随机分为2组：骨髓间充质干细胞组和骨髓间充质干细胞+吡格列酮组。2周后在局部梗死心肌内注射PKH26标记的由PBS悬浮的骨髓间充质干细胞,联合治疗组在注射骨髓间充质干细胞后予以吡格列酮3 mg/(kg•d)连续灌胃2周。细胞移植后2周进行超声心动图检测,免疫荧光染色、Western blot、qRT-PCR检测左心室心肌组织不同区域PPAR-γ、TGF-β1/SMAD通路相关因子和Cx43的表达情况。 结果与结论：两组大鼠基础心功能参数无明显差异性。细胞移植2周后,骨髓间充质干细胞+吡格列酮组左室舒张末径、左室收缩末径明显减小,左室射血分数明显增高;左心室心肌组织不同区域PPAR-γ和Cx43的表达量显著增加;TGF-β1、SMAD2、SMAD3在梗死区和梗死边缘区表达明显下降。以上结果提示PPAR-γ激动剂吡格列酮干预能够增强骨髓间充质干细胞移植对心功能的改善作用,其机制可能与PPAR-γ抑制TGF-β1/SMAD通路进而提高Cx43的表达有关。  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

Transplantation of SNAP-treated adipose tissue-derived stem cells improves cardiac function and induces neovascularization after myocardium infarct in rats

Stem cell therapy has been considered a promise for damaged myocardial tissue. We have previously shown that S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) increases the expression of several muscular markers and VEGF in mesenchymal stem cells, indicating that transplantation of SNAP-treated cells could provide better functional outcomes. Here, we transplanted SNAP-treated adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in rat infarcted myocardium. After 30 days, we observed a significant improvement of the ejection fraction in rats that received SNAP-treated ADSCs, compared with those that received untreated cells (p = 0.008). Immunohistochemical reactions showed an increased expression of troponin T–C and von Willebrand factor, and organized vascular units in the infarcted area of tissue transplanted with treated ADSCs. SNAP exposure induced intracellular S-nitrosation, a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, but did not increase cGMP levels. Collectively, these results indicate that SNAP alters the redox environment of ADSCs, possibly associated with a pre-differentiation state, which may improve cardiac function after transplantation.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植心肌梗死大鼠的心功能

背景：前期研究发现移植的骨髓间充质干细胞能在受损心肌组织内存活和分化。 目的：进一步观察局部注射移植同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能的影响。 方法：体外培养的同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞达到一定数量(10⁶)后用BrdU标记。24只SD大鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组未行冠状动脉前降支结扎,取骨髓间充质干细胞约1 mL直接注射到冠状动脉前降支心肌的周围;假移植组：在冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量DMEM培养液直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;骨髓间充质干细胞移植组：冠状动脉前降支结扎后7 d,取等量骨髓间充质干细胞直接注射到梗死心肌的周围;分别于移植前、移植后5周测定大鼠心功能。 结果与结论：①移植后5周假移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均低于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压高于移植前(P < 0.01);移植后5周骨髓间充质干细胞移植组最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率高于移植前(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压低于移植前(P < 0.01)。②移植后5周,骨髓间充质干细胞移植组大鼠的最大左室收缩末压、左室内压最大(最小)变化速率均高于假移植组(P < 0.01),而左室舒张末压明显低于假移植组(P < 0.01)。结果可见骨髓间充质干细胞移植可明显改善心肌梗死模型大鼠心功能。     

组织工程化心肌片层移植心肌梗死大鼠的心功能及电生理变化

背景：组织工程化心肌组织在组成结构上类似于心脏组织的三维电偶联网络和肌肉横纹,而且具有心肌组织样收缩功能,为病损心肌提供了修复的可能性。 目的：观察心肌细胞/胶原复合体移植后心肌梗死大鼠心室肌的心功能及电生理变化。 方法：将成年SD大鼠分为假手术组、模型组、移植组,后2组制作心肌梗死动物模型,假手术组仅开胸,不结扎冠状动脉。移植组移植心肌细胞与胶原材料复合组织,其他2组不进行移植。 结果与结论：①左室心功能：与假手术组相比,模型组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径均显著增大(P < 0.01),左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率显著降低(P < 0.01);移植组左室舒张末期内径、左室收缩末期内径、左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率均未见明显增大或降低(P > 0.01)。②左室有效不应期变化：与假手术组相比,模型组梗死周边区有效不应期显著缩短(P < 0.01);移植组梗死周边区有效不应期较模型组延长,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01)。③Cx43免疫荧光结果：假手术组、模型组和移植组大鼠缝隙连接蛋白43阳性表达依次呈现阳性,弱阳性,弱阳性。但移植组缝隙连接蛋白43阳性表达高于模型组。结果可见移植的心肌细胞/胶原复合体在组织和结构上形成电偶联网络和收缩偶联,能改善心肌梗死大鼠心室肌的收缩功能及电生理特性。     

经bcl-2基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞移植对缺血性心功能不全兔心功能及血管新生的影响

目的:探讨经bcl-2基因修饰的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植对急性心肌梗死家兔心肌细胞凋亡、血管再生及心功能的影响。方法:体外分离、培养、纯化兔BMSCs,分别转染腺病毒及重组腺病毒-Bcl-2。结扎兔冠状动脉前降支制作心肌梗死(MI)模型,2周后于心梗边缘区分别注射等量的腺病毒-Bcl-2-BMSCs(MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs组)、腺病毒-BMSCs(MI+BMSCs组)及DMEM液(MI组)。细胞移植4周后经超声测定心功能;荧光显微镜观察BMSCs的存活及分布;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡;real-time PCR检测VEGF mRNA表达;免疫组化染色法检测CD31表达,计算新生毛细血管密度。以上数据分别与心功能进行相关性分析。结果:与MI组相比,MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs组和MI+BMSCs组的心功能改善、细胞凋亡率降低、VEGF mRNA表达增多、毛细血管密度增加,其中MI+Bcl-2-BMSCs组的变化更为显著(P0.05)。相关性分析显示左室射血分数与心肌细胞凋亡率呈负相关;与VEGF mRNA的表达量及毛细血管密度呈正相关(P0.01)。结论:经bcl-2基因修饰的BMSCs移植可显著减少缺血性心功能不全兔心肌细胞凋亡、促进血管再生、改善心功能。     

外源性硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠心肌梗死

背景：骨髓间充质干细胞移植可促进心肌修复,治疗心肌梗死,但移植后细胞存活率低等原因制约了其应用与发展。 目的：探讨硫化氢预处理对骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗心肌梗死效果的影响。 方法：从(100±20) g SD大鼠中分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞,第4代时按实验分组处理,移植前2 h给予DAPI标记。将50只体质量(200±20) g雄性SD大鼠分为心肌梗死组和假手术组,心肌梗死组结扎冠状动脉前降支建立心肌梗死模型,假手术组只穿线不结扎,每组10只。模型建立24 h后,分组在梗死心肌周围选择4个点,分别注射生理盐水、骨髓间充质干细胞、硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞及硫化氢。细胞移植4周后用超声心动图检测心功能指标,Masson染色测定梗死交界区胶原。 结果与结论：生理盐水组大鼠心肌纤维化严重,梗死区域无心肌组织再生;外源性硫化氢处理后的骨髓间充质干细胞移植组比单用硫化氢或者骨髓间充质干细胞组心肌纤维化程度轻,胶原组织中可见较多心肌细胞再生。硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞组左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率显著高于硫化氢组及骨髓间充质干细胞组(P < 0.05)。提示硫化氢预处理骨髓间充质干细胞可提高移植后的细胞存活率,改善梗死后心功能,其作用优于单用硫化氢或者骨髓间充质干细胞。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

人脐带源间充质干细胞移植改善四氯化碳诱导肝硬化大鼠的肝纤维化*☆

背景：干细胞移植作为一种全新的肝硬化治疗方法的可行性和有效性,在国内外文献中报道极少。 目的：观察人脐带源间充质干细胞移植对四氯化碳诱导肝硬化大鼠肝纤维化的影响。 方法：32只Wistar大鼠随机分为2组,对照组经尾静脉内注射生理盐水,肝硬化组采用四氯化碳植物油皮下注射8周制成肝硬化大鼠模型,再随机分为3组,盐水对照组、人脐带源间充质干细胞移植组分别经尾静脉内注射生理盐水和人脐带源间充质干细胞混悬液,8周肝硬化组无其他干预。 结果与结论：对照组血清碱性磷酸酶水平明显低于其他3组(P < 0.05);人脐带源间充质干细胞移植组血清白蛋白和胆固醇水平与对照鼠相近(P > 0.05),与8周肝硬化组和盐水对照组相比明显升高(P < 0.05)。血清碱性磷酸酶水平也出现了明显下降(P < 0.05)。肝硬化8周组大鼠肝组织中有大量胶原纤维增生并形成假小叶;盐水对照组与肝硬化8周组相似;仅在人脐带源间充质干细胞移植组大鼠肝中观察到散在的绿色抗人抗核抗体阳性细胞,肝组织中胶原纤维的量明显小于盐水对照组。提示经尾静脉移植人脐带源间充质干细胞,可明显改善四氯化碳诱导肝硬化大鼠的肝纤维化程度。 关键词：脐带源间充质干细胞;细胞移植;肝硬化;四氯化碳;大鼠 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.10.028     

骨髓间质干细胞诱导为神经元样细胞移植治疗脑梗塞模型大鼠后运动功能的改善

目的:观察骨髓间质干细胞诱导为神经元样细胞移植对大脑中动脉阻塞模型（MCAO）鼠后运动功能的改善情况。 方法:采用分离消化法对Fischer344大鼠的骨髓间质干细胞进行体外培养、纯化鉴定后，进行诱导分化，局部立体定位注射于MCAO大鼠纹状皮质18区，对照组注射无血清L-DMEM基础培养液。分别于诱导细胞移植后第2周及第8周，进行网屏握持试验、抓握牵引试验、平衡木行走试验及Morris水迷宫测试，并取脑组织做2,3,5-三苯四唑化氯（TTC）染色。 结果:移植后第2周及第8周对照组、实验组于水迷宫试验中找到目标的时间（s）及路径（cm）均有显著差异（P<0.05）；第8周时实验组与对照组相比网屏握持、抓握牵引及平衡木行走等试验的时间（s）亦存在显著差异（P<0.05）。 结论:诱导细胞的移植对MCAO模型大鼠的运动功能有明显恢复作用。