178例早发型子痫前期重度妊娠结局临床分析

目的:探讨期待治疗对不同孕周早发型重度子痫前期对母儿结局的影响。方法:对178例不同孕周的早发型子痫前期重度进行回顾性分析。根据发病孕周分成A组(孕周<28周)31例、B组(28周≤孕周<32周)61例、C组(32周≤孕周<34周)86例。结果:B组期待治疗的时间显著长于其他两组(P<0.05);B组、C组分娩方式以剖宫产为主;3组间患者并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05);3组间新生儿窒息发生率及围生儿死亡率有统计学差异(P<0.05),随着孕周延长而下降。结论:早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗入选孕周越小,母儿并发症率、新生儿患病率及死亡率越高。     

早发型重度子痫前期39例临床特点分析

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床特点和对妊娠结局的影响。方法对吉安市中心医院2008～2010年收治的39例早发型重度子痫前期病例进行分析,根据其发病孕周分为3组,即A组(孕周<28周),B组(28周≤孕周<32周),C组(32周≤孕周<34周)。结果 3组患者并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间新生儿窒息率和围生儿死亡率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组期待治疗时间明显长于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论早发型重度子痫前期新生儿窒息率和围生儿死亡率随发病孕周延长而降低,应严格选择病例进行期待治疗,并严密监测母胎情况,适时选择合适的方式终止妊娠。     

早发型重度子痫前期78例临床分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期患者的临床特点和对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对天津医科大学总医院产科2007年1月～2009年12月收治的78例早发型重度子痫前期病例进行分析,根据其发病孕周分为3组,即A组(孕周<28周),B组(28周≤孕周<32周),C组(32周≤孕周<34周)。结果:早发型重度子痫前期3组患者并发症发生率无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组期待治疗时间明显长于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期新生儿窒息和围产儿死亡率随发病孕周延长而降低,应严格选择病例进行期待治疗,并严密监测母胎情况,适时选择合适的终止妊娠方式。     

138例早发型重度子痫前期母婴结局临床分析

目的:分析不同发病孕周早发型重度子痫前期疾病对围产期母婴结局的影响.方法:对138例不同孕周的早发型重度子痫前期进行回顾性分析.根据发病孕周分成A组(孕周＜ 28周)41例、B组(28周≤孕周＜32周)52例、C组(32周＜孕周＜34周)45例.结果:3组间患者并发症发率无统计学差异(P＞0.05);3组间新生儿窒息率及新生儿死亡率有统计学差异(P＜0.05),随着孕周延长而下降;终止妊娠方式A组主要为引产,B、C组主要为剖宫产,A组与B、C组有统计学差异(P＜0.05);B组期待治疗的时间显著长于其他两组(P＜0.05).结论:早发型重度子痫前期新生儿窒息率和围生儿死亡率随发病孕周延长而降低,应严格选择病例进行期待治疗,并严密监测母胎情况,适时选择合适的方式终止妊娠.     

36例早发型重度子痫前期的临床分析

目的 探讨早发型重度子痫前期对围生期母婴预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析我院2009年12月-2012年5月36例早发型重度子痫前期患者病情发展情况及母儿结局.据孕周分3组,A组孕周＜28周,B组孕周28-31+6周,C组孕周32-34周.比较3组患者期待治疗的平均时间、并发症和围生儿结局.结果 早发型重度子痫前期3组患者并发症发生率无统计学差异;3组见新生儿窒息率和死亡率差异有统计学意义,且随着孕周延长下降.B组期待治疗时间长于其他2组.各组终止妊娠方式均以剖宫产为主.结论 早发型重度子痫前期发病越早患者并发症发生率和围生儿死亡率越高,适当期限内保守治疗有助于改善母儿结局,终止妊娠方式首选剖宫产.     

早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗对母婴预后影响

目的探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗及母婴结局。方法对早发型重度子痫前期临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较不同孕妇的一般资料、合并症、围生期并发症、发病孕周、治疗时间、终止妊娠孕周、分娩方式及围生儿预后。结果 3组(A组孕周28,B组28~32孕周,C组32~34孕周)间并发症发生率,孕周越小发生率越高,但未达显著性水平;A组的发病孕周最小、期待治疗时间最长、分娩孕周最短;A组分娩方式以阴道分娩为主;3组间新生儿窒息和围生儿病死率随孕周延长而下降。结论早发型重度子痫前期孕周越小并发症发生率有越高的趋势;围生儿预后与发病孕周及分娩孕周有关联,早期筛查、适当治疗、延长孕龄有助于改善围生儿结局。     

早发型重度子痫前期发病对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期发病对妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取54例早发型重度子痫前期患者按照发病的孕周分为观察组A(孕周28～31周)和观察组B(孕周32～34周)各27例,观察比较两组患者并发症发生率及围产儿结局。结果:两组患者并发症发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者围产儿死亡率、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率及新生儿窒息率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);围产儿死亡率、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率及新生儿窒息率会随着孕周延长而逐渐降低。结论:早发型重度子痫的发病孕周对母儿结局具有重大的影响,对于子痫前期的孕妇应适当给予期待治疗,尽可能延后发病时间和选择在32周以后分娩,对降低并发症的发生率、改善母儿预后具有非常重要的临床意义。     

早发型子痫前期重度临床分析

目的:探讨早发型子痫前期重度的临床特点及母儿结局。方法:回顾性分析72例早发型子痫前期重度病例,按终止妊娠孕周分为2组:A组≤32周34例,32周B组34周38例。结果:A组期待治疗的时间明显长于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组新生儿窒息率、死亡率和围产儿死亡率高,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.01);孕周延长至34周左右的新生儿窒息率和死亡率明显降低,两组有统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:早发型子痫前期重度有发病早、病情重、常伴有较多严重的母儿并发症等特点,适当的期待治疗能降低新生儿重度窒息和围产儿死亡率,但必须严格检测母婴情况,适时选择合适的终止妊娠的方式。     

早发型重度子痫前期36例临床分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期对围产期母婴预后的影响及保守治疗的适宜时间。方法:对福建省泉州市洛江区马甲医院2002年1月～2008年1月收治的接受保守治疗的36例早发型重度子痫前期患者资料进行回顾性分析。根据其发病孕周分为A组(孕周<28周)、B组(28孕周≤孕周<32孕周),C组(32孕周≤孕周<34孕周)。观察3组患者发病情况、病情特点及母婴并发症、期待治疗时间。结果:3组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组新生儿窒息率和围产儿死亡率均随孕周延长而下降,且3组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组期待治疗时间均明显长于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期有较高的母婴病死率,是重度子痫前期的一种特殊类型,在期待治疗过程中,应严密监护母婴情况,适时终止妊娠,终止妊娠方式首选剖宫产。     

早发型重度子痫前期与母儿预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨早发型重度子痫前期期待治疗对母儿预后的影响。方法:对该院2000～2008年92例早发型重度子痫前期患者进行回顾性分析。根据其入院孕周不同分为3组:即Ⅰ组(24～28周),Ⅱ组(28～32周),Ⅲ组(32～34周)。根据其治疗时间的长短又分为4组:即A组(≤48 h),B组(48 h～7天),C组(8～14天),D组(≥15天)。结果:早发型重度子痫前期发病孕周越早,患者并发症的发生率越高,但Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),新生儿死亡率和围生儿死亡率随着发病孕周的延长而显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:早发型重度子痫前期严重影响母儿预后,适当的期待治疗有助于改善母儿预后,降低围生儿死亡率。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.