六味地黄生物制剂多糖对果蝇抗氧化作用的影响

目的:观察六味地黄生物制剂多糖(LW-PSB多糖)对果蝇抗氧化作用的影响。方法:采用美国野生型黑腹果蝇为实验对象,收集8 h内羽化未交配果蝇,雌雄分开,在温度为(25±1)℃,相对湿度为(60±5)%的人工气候箱中用培养基进行培养,将果蝇随机分为阴性对照组(普通培养基),阳性对照维生素C组(添加维生素C 1 g·kg-1的培养基),LW-PSB多糖低、中、高剂量组(含不同浓度的LW-PSB多糖的培养基,浓度依次为1,3,9 g·kg-1),共5组,每组雌、雄各500只。果蝇30 d龄时分别制成匀浆,测定果蝇体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化物(TAOC)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与阴性对照组比较,LW-PSB多糖各剂量组能提高果蝇SOD,CAT,GSH-Px和TAOC活性(P<0.05,P<0.01或P<0.001),降低MDA含量(P<0.01或P<0.001);与维生素C组比较,LW-PSB多糖各剂量组能不同程度地提高GSH-Px和TAOC活性(P<0.05或P<0.001),降低MDA含量(P<0.01或P<0.001)。结论:六味地黄生物制剂多糖饲喂果蝇可提高果蝇体内的抗氧化能力。     

藏紫菀不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性

目的 研究藏紫菀不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性.方法 采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除法、2,2'-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除法、超氧阴离子自由基清除法、NO自由基清除法、羟自由基清除法及铁还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)法,对藏紫菀70％乙醇粗提物、正己烷...     

玉屏风对果蝇抗衰老和激活BJ细胞端粒酶活性的作用

目的探讨玉屏风对果蝇抗衰老和激活BJ细胞端粒酶活性的作用。方法 90只果蝇随机分为对照组、0.3%玉屏风胶囊组、1%玉屏风胶囊组,以自然衰老型黑腹果蝇为模型,检测果蝇半数死亡时间、平均寿命、寿命延长率、体内氧化水平等生化指标;体外MTT法检测玉屏风胶囊(0.01、0.1、1.0、10、100μg/mL)对BJ人成纤维细胞的存活率,端粒重复扩增(TRAP)法检测玉屏风对BJ人成纤维细胞端粒酶的活性。结果玉屏风胶囊显著延长果蝇的寿命,降低体内的丙二醛(MDA)水平,增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平(P0.05,P0.01);体外实验显示,玉屏风胶囊(0.1、1.0、10、100μg/mL)能显著促进培养27代BJ细胞的存活率(P0.05),且玉屏风胶囊(0.01、0.1、1.0μg/mL)能显著增加端粒酶活性(P0.05,P0.01)。结论玉屏风胶囊具有良好的抗衰老潜力,其机制可能涉及抗氧化和激活端粒酶。     

紫草提取物对果蝇肠道损伤的保护作用

目的探究紫草Arnebia euchroma水提取物对果蝇肠道损伤的保护作用与保护机制。方法利用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与百草枯诱导野生型黑腹果蝇肠道损伤,分析喂食正常培养基与含紫草培养基的果蝇生存率。通过免疫染色法检测果蝇肠道前体细胞数量、处于分裂期的干细胞数量、肠道上皮细胞内活性氧自由基水平与死亡细胞的数量,并用Axioskop 2 plus型荧光显微镜观察肠道形态学变化。结果喂食含10%紫草水提取物可以明显提高果蝇的生存率、显著抑制肠道损伤引起的前体细胞与肠道干细胞的过度增殖、降低肠道上皮细胞的死亡,结果具有统计学意义(P0.01)。此外,10%紫草提取物还可以降低肠道上皮细胞内活性氧的水平,保护和维持肠道形态。结论紫草水提取物对SDS与百草枯诱导的果蝇肠道损伤具有保护作用。     

大黄对十二烷基硫酸钠损伤的果蝇肠道干细胞活性的影响

目的探究大黄Rheum officinale提取物(ROE)对果蝇肠道干细胞(ISC)活性的影响。方法对照组果蝇食用正常玉米粉-酵母培养基,实验组果蝇食用含有0.05 g/mL或0.1 g/mL ROE的玉米粉-酵母培养基。对果蝇喂食有毒化合物诱导肠道损伤。分别检测分析果蝇的生存率、肠道前体细胞形态数目、ISC的增殖与分化、活性氧自由基(ROS)水平、肠上皮死亡细胞数目以及果蝇的寿命。结果 0.05 g/mL和0.1 g/mL ROE均可以提高肠道损伤后果蝇的生存率,0.1 g/mL ROE可以降低十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)诱导后ROS的水平,减少死亡细胞的数目,抑制ISC的过度增殖与分化,缓解前体细胞的过度积累,维持肠道内稳态。此外ROE还可以延长果蝇寿命。结论 ROE可以抑制ISC的过度增殖和分化,增强果蝇肠道免疫功能,延长果蝇寿命。     

7种植物提取物的体外抗氧化活性比较研究

目的研究生姜根、番石榴叶、番石榴籽、橙皮、芝麻种皮、米糠和小麦胚芽等植物提取物的抗氧化活性和热稳定性。方法比较了乙醇、乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、正己烷和石油醚等不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,分别采用Folin-Ciocalteu法和三氯化铝比色法测定不同植物提取物的总多酚和总黄酮量,并进一步通过加热处理和Rancimat法研究了植物提取物的热稳定性和对葵花籽油的诱导时间。结果生姜根的石油醚提取物具有最高的抗氧化活性,生姜根、橙皮、番石榴叶的提取物具有超过α-生育酚的抗氧化活性。不同植物提取物的抗氧化活性与它的总多酚和总黄酮量呈显著正相关。生姜根、番石榴叶和芝麻种皮显示比α-生育酚更好的热稳定性,而抗氧化性与α-生育酚类似。结论生姜根、番石榴叶和芝麻种皮可作为潜在的天然抗氧化剂来源,应用于食品和医药工业中。     

拟黑刺多蚁（Polyrhachis vicina Roger）干粉对黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的寿命有延长的作用

有一些民族有食用蚂蚁的习惯，本草纲目也有将蚂蚁作为药用的记载。在1994年，以蚂蚁作为食疗之风流行，或将其加入酒中，或与一些共它中草药配伍成为复方保健药，甚至认为能治疗种种疾病。虽然对蚂蚁粉的宣传很多，但是对于蚂蚁的作用尚水见有分析式的研究和确证。黑腹果蝇是国内外常用作药物对寿命影响的模型。我们将蚁粉添加在果蝇的配养基中以实验其对果蝇寿命的影响。我们的统计数据表明蚂蚁粉对果蝇的寿命确有显著的延长作用，对雄果蝇的作用略强于对雌果蝇的作用，蚂蚁粉可使雄果蝇的半数死亡期延长21．30％（P＜0．005）。将蚂蚁粉与另一味动物药－雄蚕蛾的作用做了比较，并把它们的作用与转基因和长寿基因的作用进行了对比。     

拟黑刺多蚁(Polyrhachis vicina Roger)干粉对黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的寿命有延长的作用

有一些民族有食用蚂蚁的习惯 ,本草纲目也有将蚂蚁作为药用的记载。在 1994年 ,以蚂蚁作为食疗之风流行 ,或将其加入酒中 ,或与一些其它中草药配伍成为复方保健药 ,甚至认为能治疗种种疾病。虽然对蚂蚁粉的宣传很多 ,但是对于蚂蚁的作用尚未见有分析式的研究和确证。黑腹果蝇是国内外常用作药物对寿命影响的模型。我们将蚁粉添加在果蝇的配养基中以实验其对果蝇寿命的影响。我们的统计数据表明蚂蚁粉对果蝇的寿命确有显著的延长作用 ,对雄果蝇的作用略强于对雌果蝇的作用 ,蚂蚁粉可使雄果蝇的半数死亡期延长 2 1.30 % (P <0 .0 0 5 )。将蚂蚁粉与另一味动物药—雄蚕蛾的作用做了比较 ,并把它们的作用与转基因和长寿基因的作用进行了对比。     

刺五加对鱼藤酮诱导的帕金森病果蝇模型作用的研究

1材料 野生型CantonS品系黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）：北京大学生命科学学院提供。鱼藤酮蔗糖溶液：精密称取20mg鱼藤酮（阿拉丁生产,纯度95％,批号：26714）加0．4ml吐温－80,超声10分钟,再用5％蔗糖水溶液定容10ml,     

四逆散冻干粉改善果蝇睡眠作用的量效时效关系研究

目的:研究四逆散冻干粉改善果蝇睡眠作用的量-效与时-效关系。方法:选取野生型Canton S品系黑腹果蝇为试验对象,利用自动红外果蝇活动监测系统,以果蝇24 h总睡眠时间为观察指标,分别进行四逆散冻干粉改善睡眠作用的量-效与时-效关系的研究。结果:雌雄果蝇的24 h总睡眠时间随着给药剂量的增加而增加,具有一定的剂量依赖关系,雌果蝇的最大有效剂量是4%,而雄果蝇的最大有效剂量为2%,雌果蝇连续给药4 d果蝇24 h总睡眠时间最长,而雄果蝇连续给药7 d,其24 h总睡眠时间最长。结论:四逆散冻干粉能促进果蝇的睡眠,但对雌、雄果蝇睡眠的影响程度不同。雌果蝇给药高浓度短时间效果较好,雄果蝇给药低浓度长时间效果好。     

Effects of lu-duo-wei capsule on prolonging life span of housefly and Drosophila melanogaster

Lu-Duo-Wei capsule is a product of Chinese medicine having high efficacy in scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. It contains antioxidants, which may increase longevity, but whether Lu-Duo-Wei capsule has such an effect is unknown. In this study, supplementing the basic diet with Lu-Duo-Wei resulted in prolonging the life span of houseflies and fruit flies. Moreover, the effect of prolonging the life span of houseflies by Lu-Duo-Wei was significantly higher than that of tea polyphenol. The result not only confirms our previous report but also supports the free radical theory of aging.     

The Protective Effects of Rhodiola crenulata Extracts on Drosophila melanogaster Gut Immunity Induced by Bacteria and SDS Toxicity

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of the Rhodiola crenulata extracts on gut immunity of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild‐type flies fed standard cornmeal–yeast medium were used as controls. Experimental groups were supplemented with 2.5% R. crenulata aqueous extracts in standard medium. Survival rate was determined by feeding pathogenic microorganisms and toxic compounds. The levels of reactive oxygen species and dead cells were detected by dihydroethidium and 7‐amino‐actinomycin D staining, respectively. The expression of antimicrobial peptides was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and morphological change of the intestine was imaged by an Axioskop 2 plus microscope. The results demonstrate that R. crenulata increased the survival rates of adult flies and expression of antimicrobial peptide genes after pathogen or toxic compound ingestion. Moreover, decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and epithelial cell death were associated with results in improved intestinal morphology. The pharmacological action of R. crenulata from Tibet was greater than that from Sichuan. These results indicate that the R. crenulata extracts from Tibet had better pharmacological effect on D. melanogaster gut immunity after ingestion of pathogens and toxic compounds. These results may provide the pharmacological basis for prevention of inflammatory diseases of the intestine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of Five Ayurvedic Herbs on Locomotor Behaviour in a Drosophila melanogaster Parkinson's Disease Model

Current conventional treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are aimed at symptom management, as there is currently no known cure or treatment that can slow down its progression. Ayurveda, the ancient medical system of India, uses a combination of herbs to combat the disease. Herbs commonly used for this purpose are Zandopa (containing Mucuna pruriens), Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica, Sida cordifolia and Bacopa monnieri. In this study, these herbs were tested for their potential ability to improve climbing ability of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) PD model based on loss of function of phosphatase and tensin‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). Fruit flies were cultured on food containing individual herbs or herbal formulations, a combination of all five herbs, levodopa (positive control) or no treatment (negative control). Tests were performed in both PINK1 mutant flies and healthy wild‐type (WT) flies. A significant improvement in climbing ability was observed in flies treated with B. monnieri compared with untreated PINK1 mutant flies. However, a significant decrease in climbing ability was observed in WT flies for the same herb. Centella asiatica also significantly decreased climbing ability in WT flies. No significant effects were observed with any of the other herbs in either PINK1 or WT flies compared with untreated flies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

远志皂苷对转tau基因果蝇阿尔茨海默病模型行为学及寿命的影响

目的 观察远志皂苷对转tau基因果蝇阿尔茨海默病模型行为学及寿命的影响.方法 将待测果蝇分为3组:空白组(正常果蝇喂基础培养基)、模型组(转tau果蝇喂基础培养基)、远志组(转tau果蝇喂2％浓度远志皂苷培养基).5 d后对3组果蝇的攀附指数、进入无障碍离心管个数、平均寿命、最高寿命及半数死亡时间进行比较.结果 远志皂...     

刺五加提取物对果蝇免疫功能的影响

目的 研究刺五加提取物对果蝇天然免疫和肠道免疫功能的影响.方法 用含或不含刺五加根或果实提取物的细菌或真菌生物溶液感染果蝇,观察刺五加根和果实提取物对感染细菌或真菌以及对热刺激果蝇生存率的影响;果蝇肠道组织免疫染色,荧光显微镜观察肠壁细胞凋亡情况;提取被真菌孢子感染的果蝇总RNA,检测抗菌肽表达量.结果 刺五加根和果实提取物能提高细菌感染后果蝇的生存率,缓解肠壁细胞凋亡,也可提高经真菌孢子感染后果蝇的生存率,使体内部分抗菌肽出现高表达,也能提高经热刺激处理果蝇的生存率.结论 刺五加根和果实提取物能显著提高果蝇机体免疫功能.     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract from Halenia elliptica

Aims of study

Halenia elliptica, a medicinal herb of Tibetan origin, was commonly used in folk medicine to treat hepatitis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Halenia elliptica against experimentally induced liver injury.

Materials and methods

The antioxidant property of methanolic extract (ME) of Halenia elliptica was investigated by employing various established in vitro systems. The ME of Halenia elliptica was studied here for its hepatoprotective effects against CCl₄-induced liver toxicity in rats. Activity was measured by monitoring the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin.

Results

The ME possessed strong antioxidant activity in vitro. The results of CCl₄-induced liver toxicity experiment showed that rats treated with the ME of Halenia elliptica (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg), and also the standard treatment, silymarin (50 mg/kg), showed a significant decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin levels, which were all elevated in the CCl₄ group (p < 0.01). The results observed after administration of 100 mg/kg ME were comparable to those of silymarin at 50 mg/kg (p > 0.05). The ME did not show any mortality at doses up to 2000 g/kg body weight.

Conclusion

These results seem to support the traditional use of Halenia elliptica in pathologies involving hepatotoxicity, and the possible mechanism of this activity may be due to strong free radical-scavenging and antioxidant activities of ME.     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Myelophil on restraint stress-induced liver injury in BALB/c mice

Ethnopharmacologic relevance

Myelophil, an ethanol extract of Astragali Radix and Salviae Radix, has been used for patients with chronic fatigue-associated disorders in traditional Oriental clinics.

Aim of the study

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacologic effects of Myelophil using a restraint stress-induced liver injury model and to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Materials and methods

Distilled water or Myelophil (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg) was orally administered to 6-week-old BALB/c male mice once daily for 5 day. The mice were subjected to restraint stress for 6 h, and serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT, respectively), total reactive oxygen species, and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Hepatic tissue levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity (as represented by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activity), and interleukin-1 were also measured.

Results

Restraint stress induced severe oxidative stress and hepatic injury, as evidenced by marked elevation of serum ALT and AST levels, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation activity, and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities. Myelophil pretreatment significantly attenuated not only the elevation of serum ALT and AST but also the increase in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. It also restored a significant fraction of the catalase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase activity in liver tissues. Myelophil pretreatment also partially normalized the levels of interleukin-1β gene and protein expression.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Myelophil has potent protective effects against restraint stress-induced liver injury via antioxidant activities, and have relevance to the clinical applications of Myelophil in field of traditional herbal medicine.     

Studies on the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from Talinum triangulare

Ethnophamacological relevancy

The whole plant of Talinum triangulare (Family: Portulacaceae) is used in variety of diseases including hepatic ailments in Africa and Taiwan of China.

Aims of the study

The study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from T. triangulare (TTP).

Materials and methods

The TTP was extracted using boiling water, and removed protein by Sevag method. 40%, 60% and 80% ethanol precipitating TTP (40%, 60%, 80% TTP) were gained by the successive addition of absolute ethanol. The antioxidant activities of 40%, 60%, 80% and crude TTP were evaluated using three different models in vitro, including reducing power, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion. To investigate the hepatoprotective potential, mice were treated with crude polysaccharides (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days. Liver injures were induced by CCl₄ (0.1% in arachis oil, 10 mg/kg, i.v.) 1 h after the drug administration on day 7. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h after the CCl₄ injection. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum, and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissues were measured. Histopathological examinations were carried out to supplement the biochemical results.

Results and conclusions

In vitro assays, TTP showed remarkably different degrees of antioxidant activities in dose-dependent manners. The crude TTP demonstrated a relatively strong antioxidant activity, while the 40% TTP showed the strongest antioxidant activity, and the 60% TTP had the weakest antioxidant ability. In vivo assay, pretreatment with TTP had significantly decreased the levels of AST, ALT and MDA against CCl₄ injures, and restored the activities of defense antioxidant substances SOD and GSH towards normalization. These results supported the effect of T. triangulare in fork use with scientific evidence.     

贞芪扶正颗粒对肺肾阴虚型慢阻肺稳定期患者运动耐量及生活质量的影响

目的：临床观察贞芪扶正颗粒能否改善肺肾阴虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者运动耐量及生活质量。方法：将肺肾阴虚型慢阻肺稳定期患者65例,随机分为治疗组34例,对照组31例。两组患者均给予化痰、解痉、平喘治疗,治疗组加用贞芪扶正颗粒口服,疗程3个月。观察治疗前后两组患者肺功能,6MWT及CAT评分变化。结果：治疗后,治疗组FEV1、FEV1%较对照组及治疗前有显著提高（P〈0.05）。治疗后,两组患者6MWT均较治疗前有明显增加（P〈0.05或 P〈0.01）,治疗组比对照组增加更加明显（P〈0.05）。治疗后,两组患者CAT评分均较治疗前有明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,治疗组比对照组下降更加明显（P〈0.05）。结论：贞芪扶正颗粒可以改善肺肾阴虚型慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者运动耐量及生活质量。     

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of the ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Swertia chirayita, a medicinal herb endemic to the Tibetan region, is used as a special remedy for liver disorders. The hepatoprotective activity of its plant extracts has been associated with its antioxidant activity. This paper aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of Swertia chirayita extracts (SCE).

Materials and methods

Antioxidant ability of Swertia chirayita was investigated by employing several established in vitro methods. In vivo antioxidant activity was tested against CCl₄-induced toxicity in mice. The levels and activities of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), were then assayed using standard procedures.

Results

SCE exhibited strong antioxidant ability in vitro. The liver and kidney of CCl₄-intoxicated animals exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH levels. Additionally, these organs exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) increase in MDA level. CCl₄ did not exhibit toxicity on mice treated with SCE and Vitamin E. The effects of Swertia chirayita (three dosages) were comparable to those of Vitamin E, except in MDA level in the liver and GSH level in the kidney (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that the ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita possesses in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. This supports the traditional use of Swertia chirayita in Tibetan medicine to cure liver diseases.