高邮市2008年正常人群流脑A群、C群抗体监测与分析

目的通过开展流脑流行前期人群抗体水平监测,全面了解和客观评价我市正常人群流脑A群和c群免疫水平,为制定相应的防治措施提供数据资料。方法对高邮市三垛镇0～、1岁～、3岁～、5岁-、7岁-、15岁～、20岁～、40岁以上8个年龄组320名健康人群,每组随机抽取不少于40人,采集血清。采用ELISA法检测人群血清中的A群和C群流脑抗体,并进行统计分析。结果调查的320人中,A群流脑抗体阳性率为74．06％,GMT为1：12．55;C群流脑抗体阳性率62．81％,GMT为1：7．16。3岁以上年龄组的A群、C群流脑抗体阳性率较为满意;3岁以下年龄组流脑A群抗体阳性率较低。结论高邮市三垛镇3岁以上年龄组A群、C群流脑抗体免疫水平较好;0～、1岁～年龄组A群流脑抗体免疫水平不高,经分析其免疫史,与部分儿童初免二针未完成接种有关。     

2006年宁夏三市健康人群血清流脑抗体含量分析

目的通过开展健康人群(无流行性脑脊髓膜炎临床症状和体征的人群)流脑抗体含量测定,评价流脑多糖菌苗的接种现状,促进和加强计免工作,保证接种质量和接种效果。方法严格按照《全国流行性脑脊髓膜炎防控工作方案》要求分组采样,统一采用ELISA方法测定健康人群血清中A群、C群流脑IgG抗体含量。结果全区三市(银川、中卫、固原市)7个年龄组共检测632人,流脑A群抗体平均含量4.325μg/ml,A群阳性率69.30%(438/632),阳性抗体含量中位数为4.91μg/ml,各年龄组之间抗体阳性率有统计学意义(χ2=15.38,P<0.05);流脑C群抗体平均含量3.243μg/ml,C群阳性率39.08%(247/632),阳性抗体含量中位数为3.92μg/ml,各年龄组之间抗体阳性率有统计学意义(χ2=40.506,P<0.05)。结论宁夏三市健康人群流脑抗体水平普遍较低,应提高流脑疫苗预防接种质量,加强流脑抗体水平监测。     

合肥市不同时期健康人群流脑血清抗体水平调查分析

目的了解合肥市健康人群在不同时期的流脑抗体水平变化情况,为流脑防治提供依据。方法以县区为单位进行整群抽样,在各县区再按照年龄进行分层抽样,分别选取幼儿园、小学、初中、高中学生和成年人进行采样,连续两个年度在不同时期连续监测健康人群流脑血清抗体水平情况。结果共监测4 090人,A群抗体阳性率为83.7%,GMT为1∶201.4,C群抗体阳性率为72.2%,GMT为1∶178.1;2006/2007年度C群抗体水平比2005/2006年度下降明显。A群和C群流脑抗体水平均随着流脑疫情流行时间的延长不断升高;三县健康人群的C群抗体阳性率和GMT高于市区。不同年龄段人群的A群抗体水平均高于C群,幼儿园幼儿和成年人A群抗体水平低于其他年龄段,C群抗体水平随年龄的增加逐渐降低。接种A+C流脑疫苗后第三年抗体阳性率为55%,GMT为1∶96.6。结论C群流脑作为合肥市的一个新的流行菌群,健康人群的抗体水平明显低于A群,且没有达到理想的保护水平。在一个流脑流行季节里随着流行时间的延长,健康人群流脑血清抗体水平也在不断的升高。健康人群的C群抗体水平随着年龄的增加降低明显,因此应做好扩大免疫规划工作,提高大年龄青少年和成年人的A+C流脑疫苗的接种率。接种A+C流脑疫苗后应及时进行加强免疫,保证免疫的持久性。     

2007年海原县人群流脑抗体水平监测结果分析

目的了解海原县人群流脑免疫抗体水平及带菌状况。方法选择宁夏海原县为监测点,采集调查者的咽拭子和静脉血液,分别进行人群流脑带菌调查及流脑A群和C群免疫抗体水平检测。结果A群流脑IgG抗体总阳性率为53.8%,抗体含量均值为6.64μg/ml,C群流脑IgG抗体总阳性率为30.0%,抗体含量均值为2.10μg/ml,A群和C群抗体含量比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.54,P<0.05)。结论海原县A群流脑抗体阳性率较2006年有所下降,虽未分离到脑膜炎球菌,但A群、C群流脑IgG抗体阳性率均较低,说明人群对流脑普遍易感,应引起重视。     

化州市2005年健康人群流脑抗体水平调查

目的了解化州市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎（简称流脑）抗体水平状况。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法，将调查对象分成7个年龄组，每人采集3ml静脉血进行A和C群流脑抗体检测，并做统计分析。结果化州健康人群A和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为85．86％和13．61％；A群和C群抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）分别为1：7．12和1：1．13。结论A群为当地优势流脑菌群，当地近期出现A群流脑爆发流行的可能性较小；应加强A＋C流脑疫苗的推广接种工作。     

东阳市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌抗体水平和带菌调查

目的 了解东阳市健康人群脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Nm）抗体水平和带菌情况，为制定预防和控制流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）的有效措施提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法，对三种不同人群（普通人群、密切接触人群、对照组人群）采集血清标本，应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测A、C群Nm抗体；采集咽拭子，采用增菌咽拭液标本，接种于双抗血平皿37℃24h培养，分离Nm。结果 调查的444例健康人群中，A群Nm抗体阳性率78．60％，GMT为1：42．26，C群Nm抗体阳性率21．17％，GMT为1：10．36，A群Nm抗体水平较高，而C群Nm抗体水平则较低。405例接种A群流脑疫苗者抗体阳性率（81．73％）和GMT（1：44．46）明显高于39例未接种者（阳性率和GMT分别为46．15％和1：16．63）（P〈0．01），与是否接种过A群流脑疫苗有关联性。Nm带菌率为1．73％，以C群和D群为主，密切接触人群的Nm带菌率明娃高于其他人群。结论 东阳市健康人群中对A群流脑具有较高的免疫力，而对C群流脑免疫力较低，一旦有传染源介入，极易引起暴发和流行，及时、有效地接种A＋C流脑多糖疫苗对预防和控制流脑显得十分重要。     

2011年常熟市流行性脑脊髓膜炎监测结果分析

目的了解常熟市健康人群流行性脑脊髓膜炎带菌率及抗体水平,为预防和控制流脑的暴发流行提供依据。方法按流脑监测方案,选择0岁、1-2岁、3-4岁、5-6岁、7-14岁、15-19岁、20-39岁、大于40岁共8个年龄组的健康人群,共202人分别进行健康人群带菌调查及人群流脑A群、C群和W135群流脑抗体水平检测。结果采集的健康人群中在15-19岁年龄组检出脑膜炎双球菌（B群）2株,其余均有阴性,202份健康人群带菌率为0.99%;202份血清中流脑A群抗体的阳性率为69.31%,平均抗体滴度为6.13;C群抗体的阳性率为64.85%,平均抗体滴度为6.18;W135群抗体的阳性率为34.16%,平均抗体滴度为4.58。结论健康人群流脑带菌率很低。由于施行预防接种,〈6岁人群AC流脑免疫水平较高,而7-14岁年龄组人群AC群流脑免疫水平明显下降,同时人群对W135的免疫水平普遍较低,应进一步加强流脑的监测并且采取更为有效的方法提高人群免疫力。     

韶关市2009-2011年健康人群C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌血清杀菌力抗体检测结果分析

目的了解韶关市健康人群血清C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌杀菌力水平,以评价健康人群对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的保护水平。方法 2009-2011年,每年随机抽取8个年龄组健康人群血清共计811份,采用血清杀菌力试验检测血清中杀菌力抗体水平。结果 811份健康人群血清中C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌杀菌力抗体总阳性率为25.40%,总保护率为23.06%,GMT为1∶5.13,95%置信区间1∶4.57~1∶5.89。结论韶关市健康人群对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的传染有易感性,年龄越低其对C群脑膜炎奈瑟菌的抵抗力越弱,应加大对A+C群流脑疫苗宣传力度,普及适龄儿童A+C群流脑疫苗的免疫接种。     

四川合江县2008年流脑A、C、Y和W135群监测结果分析

目的了解四川省合江县健康人群流脑脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Nm)带菌情况和抗体水平,为制定科学防控对策提供依据。方法在流脑流行前期在合江县采集健康人群咽拭子并进行脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌(Nm)菌株分离培养,采集健康人群血液进行抗体水平检测。结果健康人群带菌率为2.83%,健康人群A群流脑血清抗体阳性率较高(63.33%),其余3群阳性率较低(12.5~15.5%),健康人群对C、Y和W135群流脑保护率相当低(2%~3%)。结论加强3岁以下儿童的A群流脑菌苗的接种工作,开展15岁以下儿童的A+C+Y+W135四价流脑菌苗接种工作。     

合肥市包河区2~12岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体水平分析

目的:了解包河区2¹2岁儿童A和C群流脑抗体水平,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据。方法:选择201112岁儿童A和C群流脑抗体水平,为制定流脑防控策略提供科学依据。方法:选择2011²013年在包河区疾控中心进行抗体检测的984名儿童作为研究对象,询问儿童基本信息和流脑疫苗既往免疫史,检测儿童A和C群流脑抗体阳性情况。结果:A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为70.3%和87.1%,A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分布性别、户籍地属性间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而22013年在包河区疾控中心进行抗体检测的984名儿童作为研究对象,询问儿童基本信息和流脑疫苗既往免疫史,检测儿童A和C群流脑抗体阳性情况。结果:A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分别为70.3%和87.1%,A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率分布性别、户籍地属性间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而2⁵岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体阳性率均高于65岁儿童A、C群流脑抗体阳性率均高于6¹2岁儿童,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),按程序全程接种的儿童(A、C群流脑)抗体阳性率高于未全程接种者,接种2剂次A+C流脑结合疫苗+1剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗者A群和C群流脑抗体阳性率高于接种2剂次A群流脑多糖疫苗+1剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗。结论:适龄儿童按免疫程序完成2剂次A+C流脑结合疫苗基础免疫和2剂次A+C流脑多糖疫苗加强免疫,方能达到最好预防效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.