关于医务人员手卫生质量管理调查报告

目的调查我院医务人员洗手消毒情况,加强医院感染的预防和控制措施。方法随机问卷调查40名医生和60名护士,对医护人员手卫生现状及影响洗手的因素进行调查,要求被调查对象对手卫生概念、标准隔离措施、自我防护原则和洗手方法的掌握等问题进行回答,并对是否按标准执行、不能执行的原因给予解释。结果临床医生对手卫生各调查项目知晓率最高为32.4%,最低为21.6%;医生对手卫生措施平均执行率为19.0%。临床护士对手卫生各项调查项目知晓率最高为61.0%,最低为44.06%;护士对手卫生措施平均执行率为34.0%,知晓人数和执行人数护士明显高于医生。多数人是因工作忙忽视手的卫生或洗手设施不足所致;部分是因为操作时要戴手套,认为不必洗手;少数人惧怕长期洗手消毒会损伤皮肤,部分医护人员认为手卫生与临床医疗质量无关。结论医院医务人员存在对手卫生的重要性认识不足的问题,医院存在洗手设备不足,必须加强专项培训,减少医院感染。     

Effects of student participation in hand hygiene monitoring on knowledge and perception of infection control practices

Studies report that students in health care professions do not retain knowledge of infection control and demonstrate poor hand hygiene compliance. This study describes the effect of a multifaceted approach (education, skills training, and monitoring) on nursing students' knowledge of infection control principles, opinions, hand hygiene practices, and value of nursing research in evidence-based practice. Students participated in hand hygiene monitoring of health care workers with 900 observations. Students demonstrated strong knowledge of hand hygiene principles: 63% reported that hand hygiene monitoring positively influenced their own compliance. Although posters have been identified as effective prompts, students did not perceive poster reminders as effective in prompting handwashing. Students reported that hand hygiene activities helped them value the role of the nurse in research and evidence-based practice. This study may help educators clarify misconceptions that result in student noncompliance in hand hygiene practices.     

PICU医务人员手消毒依从性情况调查及对策

[目的]调查儿科监护室医护人员对医院感染及手卫生的认知、洗手的依从性情况,分析影响手部卫生依从性的因素及手卫生和院内感染的关系。[方法]随机抽样调查儿科监护室的40名医护人员。[结果]大多数医护人员已经具备了医院感染的基本知识,在工作中积极进行预防和控制,一些医护人员对医院感染发生及控制工作有错误认识;个别医务人员对手卫生操作的依从率较低,影响手卫生低依从率的因素包括：手卫生设施不够便利、护理优先权（即对患儿的护理需要优先于手卫生）、缺少个人责任感等。[结论]儿科监护室医院感染疾病的发生与流行与儿科监护室医护人员的手部带茵状况密切相关,儿科监护室医护人员应重视手部卫生,提高洗手的依从性。     

Electronic monitoring and voice prompts improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infections in an intermediate care unit

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether electronic monitoring of hand hygiene and voice prompts can improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infection rates in a surgical intermediate care unit. DESIGN: Three-phase quasi-experimental design. Phase I was electronic monitoring and direct observation; phase II was electronic monitoring and computerized voice prompts for failure to perform hand hygiene on room exit; and phase III was electronic monitoring only. SETTING: Nine-room, 14-bed intermediate care unit in a university, tertiary-care institution. All patient rooms, utility room, and staff lavatory were monitored electronically. PARTICIPANTS: All healthcare personnel including physicians, nurses, nursing support personnel, ancillary staff, all visitors and family members, and any other personnel interacting with patients on the intermediate care unit. All patients with an intermediate care unit length of stay >48 hrs were followed for nosocomial infection. INTERVENTIONS: Electronic monitoring during all phases, computerized voice prompts during phase II only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated a total of 283,488 electronically monitored entries into a patient room with 251,526 exits for 420 days (10,080 hrs and 3,549 patient days). Compared with phase I, hand hygiene compliance in patient rooms improved 37% during phase II (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.83) and 41% in phase III (odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.84). When adjusting for patient admissions during each phase, point estimates of nosocomial infections decreased by 22% during phase II and 48% during phase III; when adjusting for patient days, the number of infections decreased by 10% during phase II and 40% during phase III. Although the overall rate of nosocomial infections significantly decreased when combining phases II and III, the association between nosocomial infection and individual phase was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Electronic monitoring provided effective ongoing feedback about hand hygiene compliance. During both the voice prompt phase and post-intervention phase, hand hygiene compliance and nosocomial infection rates improved suggesting that ongoing monitoring and feedback had both a short-term and, perhaps, a longer-term effect.     

医务人员手卫生依从性调查与分析

目的了解医院临床医护人员手卫生知识和依从性状况,分析影响手部卫生依从性的因素,以便加强手卫生管理。方法采取随机抽样调查方式,对某医院临床一线医护人员进行了调查与分析。结果该医院的医护人员中,对洗手指征知晓率均达到80%以上,对各种诊疗和护理操作中手消毒指征知晓率参差不齐,对在重症监护室和一些治疗与护理操作中手消毒的知晓率都比较低。影响医护人员洗手和消毒措施执行的主要因素是设施不完善,怕损伤皮肤,工作忙和不了解消毒剂的效果等。结论该医院的医务人员对手卫生操作的执行率较低,手卫生知识缺乏和手卫生设施不配套,应有针对性地进行改进。     

上海市养老机构护理人员手卫生现况与分析

目的通过调查了解掌握养老机构护理人员手卫生理论知识和行为现况并分析影响因素,为探索提高手卫生依从性和降低院内感染的有效举措提供参考。方法于2018年4-9月,采用WHO推荐的"手卫生认知问卷"和"手卫生依从性观察表"以及自行编制的一般资料调查表和手卫生影响因素问卷,对上海市民政局市属3家养老机构的333名护理人员进行调查。结果 333名被调查的养老机构护理人员对手卫生知识的知晓率仅为39.96%;手卫生依从性为57.76%。在可能的影响因素中,47.45%的护理人员认为是缺乏干手用具;42.04%的人认为洗手液、消毒液对手部皮肤具有刺激性;38.44%认为洗手设施不符合要求;34.23%认为养老机构未提供足够的速干手消毒液;33.03%认为自身手卫生意识不强,常忘记洗手。结论养老机构护理人员对手卫生的正确认知尚不够,整体手卫生依从性较低,管理层应通过各种途径提高护理人员的手卫生知识,改善手卫生执行情况。     

护理人员手卫生认知及洗手行为的调查分析

了解我院护理人员对手卫生的认知情况、洗手行为现状及其影响因素,为提高护理人员手卫生状况提供参考。方法：采用问卷调查方式对我院120名临床护理人员进行手卫生认知、行为的调查,并对结果进行分析。结果：19．17％的护理人员掌握洗手方法,50．83％的人员了解;16．67％的护理人员掌握洗手指征,64．17％的人员了解;高达90％的护理人员对手卫生相关知识不清楚;63．33％的人员不清楚自我防护知识。护理操作前42．50％的护理人员从不洗手;完成操作后68．33％的人员能做到每次洗手;80．oo％的护理人员在每次接触患者体液、血液、污染物后按时洗手;51．67％的护理人员能在工作结束下班前洗手,仅9．17％的人员从不洗手。结论：医护人员应加强洗手意识及对洗手卫生知识的学习,医院加强对洗手的管理,根据当地实际条件改善洗手设施,坚持正确洗手,从而避免经手传播医院感染的发生。     

优质护理管理在控制医院感染中的作用

目的：探讨优质护理管理在控制医院感染中的临床效果。方法我院于2012年4月在全院实行控制医院感染的优质护理管理,对优质护理实施前后2年间医院感染率、医院环境卫生合格率、医护人员手卫生的依从性监测指标进行对比分析,了解实施效果。结果优质护理实施后,医院感染率下降0.67％,医院环境卫生合格率提高0.94％,医护人员手卫生执行率提高8.92％。结论优质护理管理在控制医院感染率、提高医疗质量中具有明显的作用。     

Learning from the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic

Aims and objectives. This study uses two models of nursing practice, conventional and modular design, to compare nursing activities, hand hygiene, time efficiency and nurse–patient satisfaction in medical and surgical wards. Background. Learning from the SARS epidemic pointed to the importance of quality nursing practice considerations that minimize cross‐transmission of infection while maximizing patient‐focused care. Hence, a modular nursing model was adopted. Design and method. This study comprised pre‐ and postintervention phases. Data collection tools to evaluate modular nursing practice included a work sampling observation checklist, focused group interviews with nurses, questionnaires addressing nurses’ perceived competence and caring attributes, a patient satisfaction questionnaire, and a hand hygiene audit. A series of education sessions were conducted between the two phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used for data triangulation. Results. Modular nursing practice, focusing on continuity of care, led to changes in the nature of direct care activities and improvement in patient/family education frequency. Also, a general increase in nurses’ hand washing frequency was noted. However, when nurses perceived time pressure, a lapse in hand hygiene compliance was found. Because of human resource and inefficiency issues, some nurses in the studied wards did not embrace geographical separation for infection control. Positive correlations were found for nurses’ perceived infection control practice competence and their perceived caring attributes. Relevance to clinical practice. In examining nursing practice models within complex clinical situations, the significance lies not only in the model's effects but also in other operational outcomes.     

唐山市乡镇医疗机构工作人员手卫生现况调查

目的调查唐山市乡镇医疗机构临床医务人员进行手卫生现状,分析影响手卫生执行原因进行,探讨相关对策。方法选择2011年12月份至2012年1月份在唐山市乡镇医疗机构调查150名医务人员作为调查对象,采用观察法和问卷法了解研究对象手卫生执行及认知行为现况。结果手卫生设施齐全科室44.12%;手卫生设施不齐全科室55.88%;调查时间段手卫生依从性为42.50%,手卫生方法不正确40.20%;影响执行手卫生的原因为领导重视不够,医护人员手卫生意识薄弱,对手卫生的认识误区,客观因素,洗手设施落后。结论基层医院工作人员手卫生现况差,影响因素复杂,应针对性上述因素实施有效干预措施,提高手卫生依从性：医院领导提高对手卫生的重视,提高手卫生意识与知识水平,推广速干手消毒剂。     

应用PDCA模式对改善儿科护理人员洗手依从性及医院感染发生率的影响

目的 探讨应用PDCA模式对改善儿科护理人员洗手依从性以及医院感染发生率的影响。 方法 2014年8月-2015年7月将PDCA循环模式应用于儿科护理人员手卫生管理,比较实施前后儿科护理人员洗手依从性和医院感染发生率。 结果 实施PDCA模式后,儿科护理人员的手卫生知识考试及格率,接触患儿前后、脱手套后、无菌操作前后的洗手率明显高于实施前;接触患儿体液前后的洗手率比较,差异无统计学意义;护理人员洗手依从性逐渐提高,医院感染发生率逐渐下降。 结论 应用PDCA模式可提高儿科护理人员的洗手依从性,降低医院感染的发生率。     

Hand hygiene among nurses in Turkey: opinions and practices

Aims and objectives. This study aims to identify nurses’ practices and opinions of handwashing during routine patient care. Background. Transmission of microorganisms from the hands of healthcare workers is the main source of cross‐infection in hospitals and can be prevented by handwashing. Design and methods. A questionnaire survey was used for this study. A total of 129 clinical nurses at University of Ege Faculty of Medicine Application and Investigation Hospital at Internal Medicine Clinics was surveyed with a response rate of 100%. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 10. Results. The study revealed that nurses have a poor level of knowledge concerning quality of hand washing. All nursing actions related to ‘clean’ and ‘dirty’ activities were evaluated using the Fulkerson scale. The majority of nurses reported that they always wash hands after contact with contaminated and non‐contaminated patients, equipment and environment. It was found that they did need to wash their hands often but that they were not able to do this because of dense working conditions, insufficiency of necessary materials and drying and sore of hands after frequent washing. Conclusion. To improve hand hygiene and quality of handwashing compliance, additional factors must be considered. These factors include improving healthcare workers – especially nurses’– skin conditions, hand hygiene techniques and disinfections substantially. Relevance to clinical practice. Hospitals need to develop and implement innovative educational and motivational programmes tailored to specific groups of health personnel.     

PDCA循环法用于手术室管理对人员手卫生执行率及护理质量的影响

目的 探讨PDCA循环法用于手术室管理对人员手卫生执行率及护理质量的影响。方法选取2014年5月~2015年6月我院10个重点手术科室120例医护人员为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各60例,其中对照组行常规手术室管理,观察组在此基础上采用PDCA循环法对手术室进行管理,比较两组人员手卫生执行率、手卫生知晓率,手术不良事件发生率及两组患者护理满意度。结果干预后观察组手卫生执行率83.3%、手卫生知晓率81.7%与对照组66.7%、65.0%比较显著较高（P<0.05）;观察组手术不良事件发生率23.3%明显低于对照组40.0%（P<0.05）;观察组客户护理满意率88.3%明显高于对照组73.3%（P<0.05）。结论PDCA循环法用于手术室管理可有效提高人员手卫生执行率、知晓率,并改善护理质量,值得在临床广泛推广。      

提高医护人员手卫生执行率的干预方法

目的探讨提高医护人员手卫生执行率的最佳方法。方法在现场观察医护人员手卫生执行率的基础上,将其随机分为3组,组1采用综合干预,组2采用单一的大会培训,组3仅改善洗手环境和措施。8个月后再次现场观察评价手卫生执行率。结果干预前、综合干预组、单一培训组和对照组医护人员的手卫生执行率分别为60．3％、74．5％、63．3％和60．1％。综合干预组医护人员手卫生执行率最高,和干预前、单一大会培训组、对照组手卫生执行率相比,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。单一培训组和对照组的手卫生执行率效果较差,与干预前相比,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论形式多样、反复强化的培训,奖惩结合的管理以及手卫生用品的改善是提高医务人员手卫生执行率合理、有效的干预方法。     

实施优质护理促进医院感染控制的实效研究

目的探讨优质护理对医院感染控制的作用。方法采取优化护理岗位配置、成立护理感染控制小组、建立护理操作标准化流程、消毒供应室优化改革、强化护理人员感染控制意识等优质护理措施,促进医院感染监测与控制。结果实施优质护理后,医院感染率下降(P0.01);医务人员手卫生依从率、医院环境卫生和消毒效果监测合格率提高(P0.01)。结论实施优质护理可以提高医护人员的医院感染意识,对医院感染控制有促进作用。     

Evaluation of a gerontological nursing continuing education programme: effect on nurses'' knowledge and attitudes and on patients'' perceptions and satisfaction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a four-session (8-hour) gerontological nursing continuing education (CE) programme on nurses' knowlege of and attitudes towards the elderly. The study also sought to ascertain the effects of the CE programme on patient satisfaction with and perceptions of nursing care. Seventy-six nurses completed the Miller-Dodder Revision of the Palmore Facts on Ageing Quiz and the Kogan Attitudes Towards Old People Scale before and after participating in the CE programme. Post-test scores on both measures were slightly but significantly higher than pretest scores. Thirty hospitalized elderly patients were interviewed before and 33 were interviewed after the CE programme was offered to the nurses on their hospital units, using the LaMonica-Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale and the Harrison-Novak Patient Perception Scale. Post-test measures of patient satisfaction and perception were not significantly different from pretest scores. Patients were generally satisfied with their nursing care, but perceived that nurses did not focus on health promotion activities. In addition, 59% of the patients indicated that they were unable to distinguish nurses from other health care providers. The article identifies implications of the study for nursing education, practice and research.     

手卫生干预措施提高新生儿重症监护室手消毒依从性的观察与效果

目的研究提高新生儿重症监护室的手消毒依从性。方法建立手卫生干预措施,并用视频监测手段观察干预前后共13个月的各类接触。结果实施手卫生干预措施后手消毒依从性从25．15％上升为88．20％;培训后护理员的手消毒依从性较医生和护士低,夜间护士和护理员的手消毒依从性低于白班（P〈0．01）。结论手卫生干预措施能有效提高手消毒的依从性。     

合肥市医疗机构医护人员手卫生现状及消毒效果监测

目的了解合肥市二级以上医疗机构医护人员手卫生消毒质量状况。方法采用问卷调查和现场查看的方法,对合肥市25所二级以上医疗机构医护人员手卫生状况进行了调查。结果所调查的医疗机构医务人员手卫生管理组织制度均健全,均能够开展手卫生消毒效果监测工作。临床医生在洗手前卫生质量平均合格率为64.5%,洗手后合格率为77.3%;护士洗手前卫生质量平均合格率为81.3%,洗手后为92.7%;所调查的医务人员手上均未检出致病菌。结论合肥市二级以上医疗机构医护人员手卫生质量、手卫生措施和管理力度有待加强。