红唇形态不佳的美容手术

目的为了改善形态不佳的红唇.方法根据红唇组织分布的特点,采用红唇部组织瓣转移及聚四氟乙烯填充的方法,来改善唇部组织的形态.对于单纯上唇红唇形态欠佳者,将上唇红唇两侧异常凸出组织,转移到不丰满的红唇中部;上唇红唇不显者,将口角以口轮匝肌为蒂的下红唇组织瓣,转移到上唇;对于上下唇组织厚者,行厚唇修薄术;重唇者,去除重唇;上下唇均薄者,采用自体真皮脂肪瓣或人工生物材料(聚四氟乙烯)填充.结果本组患者30例,术后红唇形态满意,无切口愈合不良及皮瓣坏死,随访3个月至3年,效果满意.结论根据红唇形态不佳的特点,尽可能在红唇内部进行组织转移,如果上下红唇均不丰满,可结合自体组织或生物材料进行填充,来改善红唇的形态.     

自体脂肪颗粒移植联合局部组织瓣在血管瘤治疗后继发上唇畸形修复中的临床应用

目的探讨自体脂肪颗粒移植联合局部组织瓣在血管瘤治疗后继发上唇畸形修复中的临床应用。方法自2006年7月至2014年5月，根据唇部组织缺损程度以及移植脂肪成活情况，对11例血管瘤治疗后继发上唇畸形患者行1、2次自体脂肪移植术，以填充唇部缺损，并对其中4例患者红唇矫正不足的部分，采用联合局部组织瓣转移的方法进行修补。结果本组11例患者均获随访6个月至8年，效果满意。结论对于血管瘤治疗后继发上唇畸形的轻度患者，可以仅采用自体颗粒脂肪移植的方法进行修补；对中、重度患者，采用单纯脂肪颗粒移植而无法矫正的红唇部分，可采用联合局部黏膜组织瓣转移修复。该方法术式简单，易于操作，有利于恢复唇部的最佳形态及功能。     

红唇复合组织瓣游离移植修复唇裂术后继发畸形

目的 探讨下唇红唇黏膜复合组织瓣游离移植矫正唇裂术后继发红唇组织缺损畸形的效果.方法 依据上唇红唇组织缺损量,切取下唇正中包括黏膜、黏膜下层及部分口轮匝肌的复合组织瓣,游离移植以矫治上唇红唇组织缺损.自2006年4月至2011年4月,共修复唇裂术后继发上唇红唇组织缺损患者37例.结果 本组37例患者,术后移植物成活良好,随访6～12个月,效果满意,供区瘢痕不明显.结论 下唇复合组织瓣游离移植修复唇裂术后继发上唇红唇组织缺损,方法简单,可利用组织量充足,瘢痕轻微;但不适用于因白唇组织缺损较多,上唇过紧的患者.     

下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损的临床效果

目的 探讨下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损的临床效果.方法 应用下唇交叉唇瓣修复上唇缺损,缺损在唇中份者采用Abbe唇瓣,缺损在唇侧者采用Estlander唇瓣.手术分为两期:I期行唇瓣转移术,以唇动脉为蒂旋转180°插入上唇缺损区后,按黏膜、肌层及皮肤分层缝合;Ⅱ期行断蒂术同时修复红唇.结果 26例上唇缺损患者经Abbe-Estlander唇瓣转移修复后均成活,随访3～12个月,唇部功能及外形均得到明显改善.结论 根据缺损类型,选择恰当适应证,应用Abbe-Estlander唇瓣修复上唇缺损,可明显改善上唇外形及功能,具有良好的临床效果.     

下唇血管的解剖学研究与下唇双蒂肌黏膜瓣的临床应用

目的研究应用下唇双蒂肌黏膜瓣修复上红唇黏膜缺损.方法通过对唇血管解剖学研究,设计、提起下唇双蒂肌黏膜瓣,修补上红唇黏膜缺损.结果采用下唇双蒂肌黏膜瓣修复上唇缺损8例患者,术后随访6个月至3年,肌黏膜瓣均全部成活,术后外形与功能均满意.结论下唇双蒂肌黏膜瓣血液供应充分,转移后易成活,具有良好的外形与功能,下唇未出现不对称畸形,对上、下唇较严重不协调、下唇肥大或缺损局限于红唇的患者,是一种较好的治疗方法.     

红唇轴型复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复对位红唇缺损

目的探讨红唇轴型复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复口裂对应部位红唇缺损畸形的临床效果。方法根据患者红唇缺损量及双唇厚度差,设计正常上、下唇厚唇修薄的手术切口,切取蒂位于口角内侧、含有唇动脉的红唇复合组织瓣,转位修复红唇缺损。结果本组共9例患者,所有轴型复合组织瓣完全成活;再造红唇丰满,对称性良好,形态自然,口角结构无破坏,供区瘢痕不明显。结论该方法简便,治疗周期短,不影响口角形态,有效地规避了传统交叉唇瓣转移后给患者带来的不便和痛苦。     

局部皮瓣在唇缺损修复中的应用

目的：探讨局部皮瓣在唇缺损修复中的应用及效果。方法：本组共31例各种原因所致唇缺损病例,根据缺损的程度及部位,分别应用不同的局部皮瓣进行修复。唇缺损范围≤1/3唇长,行直接拉拢缝合并Z改形术;唇缺损范围1/3～1/2,应用唇复合组织瓣或对侧唇交叉瓣修复;下唇缺损范围1/2～2/3,应用同侧唇颊部旋转皮瓣修复。结果：所有病例皮瓣全部成活,唇部外观明显改善,效果满意。2例下唇缺损范围1/2～2/3者修复后患侧红唇组织厚度不足,其余病例上下唇比例基本协调,局部组织无明显畸形,术后功能良好。随访2月～4年,唇部外观无明显变形及功能障碍,无复发及死亡病例。结论：对于唇缺损的修复,应根据缺损的程度及部位等具体情况选择正确的局部皮瓣以利于恢复唇部的良好形态及功能。     

双侧唇裂术后继发唇鼻畸形的治疗

目的:评价和探讨双侧唇裂术后继发唇鼻畸形的整复矫治方法。方法:将23例患者按唇畸形、鼻畸形的不同,分别采用三种不同的术式治疗。对上唇及鼻畸形较轻者,采用上唇瘢痕切除,口轮匝肌重建,V-Y成形、Z成形术或双侧肌蒂红唇肌粘膜瓣向中间推进矫正红唇口哨畸形;对唇鼻畸形较严重但上唇组织较多者,采用鼻底叉形瓣延长鼻小柱进行矫治;对唇鼻畸形严重并有上唇过紧者,采用前唇组织瓣延长鼻小柱,下唇带蒂组织瓣(Abbé瓣)旋转修复上唇正中缺损。结果:23例患者中,17例效果满意,5例患者有明显改进,1例不满意。结论:本文介绍的三种术式适用于不同类型双侧唇裂术后唇鼻畸形的患者。     

改良直线缝合法修复双侧唇裂的体会

目的介绍改良直线缝合法修复双侧唇裂的方法和体会。方法在VeauⅢ术式的基础上,于双侧唇裂的两侧唇部设计A、B皮肤黏膜瓣,衬垫于前唇部的内侧,以增加创面的接触面积并加厚前唇部;在前唇部上方内侧设计C黏膜瓣加深唇龈沟,并将两侧唇肌肉分离固定于鼻前嵴、鼻翼基底及前唇,以达到唇肌的功能性修复。结果本组12例患者,术后上唇及唇红较丰满,动态畸形不明显,效果满意。结论采用改良直线缝合法修复双侧唇裂,能增加切口抗张力和改善术后上唇形态,减轻术后动态畸形及上唇塌陷。同时,此法还能保留较多的上唇组织,有利于唇裂Ⅱ期畸形的修复。     

双侧V-Y红唇黏膜瓣推进法在下唇侧唇珠成形术中的应用

目的:探讨双侧V-Y红唇黏膜瓣推进法,在下唇侧唇珠成形术下唇过薄合并下红唇形态不佳患者唇形改进的效果。方法:2013年3月至2019年12月,北京大学第三医院成形外科为自觉下唇过薄合并下红唇形态不佳、无明显侧唇珠结构的美容就医者127例[女126例,男1例,年龄18～53(28.9±6.8)岁]施行双V-Y推进法下唇侧...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.