肇事机动车驾驶者血液酒精浓度与其伤情相关分析

目的：探讨机动车驾驶者酒后驾车,发生肇事时,驾驶者自身伤情程度及受伤几率与血液酒精浓度的相关关系。方法：机动车肇事发生30分钟内抽取驾驶员血液,测出血液酒精浓度。从符合要求的酒后机动车驾驶员中随机选取660例肇事机动车驾驶员作为研究对象,设未饮酒为对照组,按酒精浓度分层分组,分为5组,共计660例。驾驶员受伤情况按照院前急救检伤分类,送医院检查,进行创伤评分,根据评分分值将伤情分为轻(TI值5~7分)、中（TI值8~17分）、重（TI值18~24分）、死亡(TI值>25分)4类。分析肇事机动车驾驶员血液酒精浓度对机动车驾驶者自身受伤程度、受伤几率的影响。结果：660例肇事机动车驾驶员列为研究对象。损伤轻度207例（31.36%）,重度163例（24.70%）,危重197例（29.85%）,死亡89例（13.48%）。机动车驾驶者酒后驾车发生肇事时,随着机动车驾驶者血液酒精浓度的增加,自身创伤评分增高,重伤率、死亡率增高。结论：机动车驾驶者酒后驾车,肇事发生后,随着血液酒精浓度增加,自身受伤几率增加,受伤程度加重,死亡率亦增加。避免酒后驾车,可降低自身损伤程度,降低自身伤残率,死亡率。     

南宁市机动车驾驶员酒后驾驶现状调查

目的 通过对机动车驾驶员呼气乙醇含量(BAC)的检测,调查和了解南宁市机动车驾驶员违法酒后驾驶的现状、特点及规律,为干预、控制和减少酒后驾驶行为提供科学依据.方法 根据机动车流量,市民出行特点选定的调查点,由执勤交警负责随机拦截机动车,用呼出乙醇检测仪对机动车驾驶员BAC进行测定,并进行相应的问卷调查.结果 对随机调查的7100位驾驶员中的4251位进行了BAC检测.涉酒驾驶(BAC0 mg%)的占6.58%,违法酒后驾驶(BAC≥20 mg%)的占4.49%;晚间19:00～24:00时间段内涉酒驾驶占该时间段调查人数的10.30%,违法酒后驾驶的占7.30%.结论 南宁市机动车驾驶员酒后驾驶的现状不容乐观,特别是晚间酒后违法驾驶的比例较高,需加强执法力度,加强宣传教育,以减少酒后驾驶的违法行为和降低由其导致的道路交通事故.     

机动车交通事故死亡情况分析及驾驶员行为调查

目的 掌握机动车交通事故死亡情况及动态,为政府及交管部门制订相关政策提供科学依据;对机动车驾驶员危险驾驶行为发生情况进行初步探讨.方法 对阆中市2002～2006年交通事故死亡资料进行汇总、统计、分析;对驾驶员问卷调查结果进行汇总、统计分析,并做差别检验.结果 2002～2006年机动车交通事故死亡率呈上升趋势,死亡者年龄为25～54岁,男性所占比例高;职业与非职业驾驶员均存在酒后驾车、开快车的高危行为,二者在酒后驾车和开快车方面比较,无显著性差异,其他危险行为的发生率以职业驾驶员较高.职业驾驶员中,酒后驾车行为的发生率以驾龄在5年以下者为高,驾龄对其他行为无影响;非职业驾驶员中,在驾驶中存在打电话行为的以大专及以上文化程度者较多,其他行为不受文化程度影响.结论 道路交通事故的发生形势严峻,在驾驶员严格规范自己行为的同时,政府要积极制订交通管理政策,交管部门也要对交通环境合理的配置和积极、有效的监管.     

南宁市摩托车驾驶员安全意识行为的调查研究

目的:通过调查南宁市摩托车驾驶员的一般情况、头盔佩戴率,违章、违规等情况,了解南宁市摩托车驾驶员安全意识行为现状,为预防和控制摩托车交通事故提供正确的对策.方法:在南宁市青秀区辖区内一、二、三级道路上,以250 m为一个单位划分为305个单位,进行编号,按简单随机方法抽取35个调查地点,每一个调查地点配以简单随机选择的星期及时间段,每1 h为一个抽样单位对调查点的摩托车驾驶员进行问卷调查.结果:本次共调查383位驾驶员,有364位驾驶员每次都佩戴头盔,佩戴率为95.04%;有119人曾酒后驾驶,占31.07%,有136人曾超速行驶,占35.51%;有190人曾闯过红灯,占49.61%;有89人在驾驶过程中使用手机,占23.24%.结论:摩托车驾驶员的交通安全意识较淡薄,应加强对驾驶员的安全教育、强化驾驶员的交通意识.     

涉嫌酒驾632例血中乙醇含量及交通事故因素分析

目的:对涉嫌酒驾人员血液中乙醇含量进行测定,为预防查处酒后驾车提供依据。方法:对涉嫌酒驾的632例之血样,用气相色谱分析仪检测乙醇含量,分析血液中乙醇含量与交通事故发生率的关系。结果:涉嫌酒驾的632例中男601例,女31例;酒后驾车加醉酒驾车451例(71.4%)中,男442例,女9例,男女比49∶1。发生交通事故448例中,饮酒驾车与未饮酒驾车之比为3∶2,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。涉嫌酒驾人员中事故发生率70.9%。发生交通事故者中,机动车与非机动车比为4.4∶1,机动车事故中驾驶员饮酒的与未饮酒之比为1.9:1,非机动车事故中饮酒与未饮酒之比为1:1.4。结论:涉嫌酒驾者发生交通事故率与血液中乙醇含量无正相关,但酒驾是交通事故的重要因素。60.7%的交通事故与饮酒有关。     

摩托车致颅脑损伤临床特点及救治

目的探讨摩托车致颅脑损伤临床特点及救治方法。方法对230例摩托车致颅脑损伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果摩托车致颅脑损伤多为青壮年男性（60.8%）;酒后驾驶63例（27.3%）;伤情较重,原发昏迷173例（75.1%）,脑疝37例（16%）,弥散性轴索损伤（DAI）60例（26%）,原发脑干损伤70例（30.4%）,合并颅底骨折80例（34.8%）;驾驶员与乘客同时受伤时,驾驶员损伤较轻,乘客损伤较重。摩托车致颅脑损伤伤情重,致残率（49%）,致死率（8.6%）。结论摩托车驾驶员应遵守交通规则,避免酒后驾驶;伤后快速诊治,积极处理并发症是减轻继发损害的重要途径。     

洛阳市摩托车道路交通事故致驾驶员死亡法医学分析43例

目的：探讨摩托车道路交通事故易发因素及驾驶员死亡的损伤特点,为预防摩托车交通事故发生及驾驶员推断提供法医学依据。方法回顾性分析洛阳市区2013年10月至2014年9月43例摩托车发生交通事故致摩托车驾驶员死亡案例。结果洛阳市摩托车交通事故死亡案例发生时间以晚20时至凌晨2时发生率最高（51．1％）,在路口发生率最高（53．4％）,男性占（97．7％）,青壮年占60．5％,初中以下文化程度占97．6％,酒后、醉酒驾车为44．1％。损伤以头面部损伤最多,占92．85％,下颌下至颈部损伤占61．9％,胸部损伤为57．1％,前臂至腕部掌面（或拇指掌指关节）损伤为47．6％、大腿内侧损伤为35．7％,四肢远端损伤为69．04％。颅脑损伤死亡占81．39％,复合伤死亡占16．28％,其他原因死亡占2．33％。结论摩托车驾驶员死亡者以文化程度较低的男性青壮年晚上饮酒后在路口发生交通事故死亡多见;下颌下至颈部损伤、胸部损伤、前臂至腕部掌面（或拇指掌指关节）损伤、大腿内侧损伤对综合判断驾驶员死亡原因有法医学意义。     

200例涉嫌酒后交通肇事的法医学分析

目的:分析酒后交通肇事与当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等之间的相关性。方法:应用气相色谱法,检测200例涉嫌酒后交通肇事的当事人的体内血液乙醇含量,并对当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等进行分析。结果:涉嫌酒后交通肇事者以中青年男性为主;肇事时间多为中、晚餐后1~2 h;且随着体内血液乙醇含量增加,交通肇事风险增加。结论:酒后交通肇事与当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等之间的关系有一定规律性,对其进行探讨,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值,可供同行参考。     

摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为的特点与交通事故的关系

目的探讨摩托车驾驶员的驾驶行为特点与交通事故的关系。方法采用自编的摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为问卷和个人资料调查表对800名摩托车驾驶员进行测试。结果①男驾驶员较女驾驶员有较多的超速及违规[(17.23±5.82)分vs(15.07±4.94)分]、警觉安全行为[(25.67±5.28)分vs(24.51±5.14)分],错误行为[(13.03±3.69)分vs(13.94±4.12)分]两者差异有显著性;②16~25岁组驾驶员的冲动行为[(20.05±6.74)分]较多,警觉安全行为[(23.32±4.95)分]较少;③小学文化的驾驶员超速及违规[(18.93±6.36)分]较多;④已婚驾驶员冲动行为[(17.80±6.67)分],超速及违规行为[(16.59±5.60)分]较少,警觉安全行为[(26.18±5.12)分]较多;⑤有驾照的驾驶员冲动行为[(18.00±6.62)分]、错误行为[(12.97±3.77)分],警觉安全行为[(26.03±5.18)分];⑥在碰撞事故中事故驾驶员冲动行为[(19.98±7.14)分]、超速及违规[(17.95±5.95)分]、错误行为[(13.76±3.73)分]上与安全驾驶差异有显著性(P<0.01)。非碰撞事故中仅在错误行为[(13.44±3.78)分]上差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论摩托车驾驶员驾驶行为与交通事故关系重大,应注重此方面的训练和教育。     

涉嫌酒后交通肇事1000例的法医学分析

目的:分析酒后交通肇事与当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等之间的相关性。方法:应用气相色谱法,检测1000例涉嫌酒后交通肇事的当事人的体内血液乙醇含量,并对当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等进行分析。结果:涉嫌酒后交通肇事者以中、青年男性为主;肇事时间多为中、晚餐后1～2h;且随着体内血液乙醇含量增加,交通肇事风险增加。结论:酒后交通肇事与当事人的年龄、性别、肇事时间及体内血液乙醇含量等之间的关系有一定规律性,对其进行探讨,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.